Simulation of network operation in net-simulator. installing net-simulator. How to create a local server? Deploying a local server on Windows How to create a network server

Every Minecraft player wants to play with his friends on servers, but it is very difficult to find a decent server, and you want to be the admin yourself, so you can create your own Minecraft server. We wrote this article and filmed a video in which we sorted out everything that relates to the server and after it, you are unlikely to ask the question how to create a Minecraft server on Windows.

Video instructions:

There are many Minecraft server cores, we will tell you about the four most popular ones.

Now you need to decide for what purposes you need a server and, based on this, choose the kernel on which you will develop the server. We will show the creation of a server using the example of each core.

1) First, download the server itself of the version you need:

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4) We start the server again, wait a few seconds and see that many files have appeared in the folder, including the world folder, which means the server has started normally. But you won’t be able to log in yet (unless you have a license, of course), to log in from a pirated site, open the file " server.properties" and find the parameter " online-mode=" and change the value from true on false.

5) You can enter the game, into a network game, add a new server, you can use IP "127.0.0.1" (Without quotes) or "localhost".

1) Download the server version you need:

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2.1) Next, copy this file to the server folder.
Attention: Be sure to replace the line in the file spigot.jar to your server name, for example spigot-1.8.8-R0.1-SNAPSHOT-latest.jar !
To edit a file start.bat, you need to: right-click -> "Edit".

5) Go to the game, to the network one, add a new server, entering as IP - " localhost" (Without using quotation marks).

1) Download the version of the server on which you want to play:

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2) Unpack the downloaded archive into a separate folder.

3) Run the file start.bat and you will see the following (* for version above 1.6):

4) Start the server again. We wait for the launch to complete and see the word “Done” at the end, which means everything is ok.

Creating your own local server based on a regular personal computer is a rather complex and painstaking task. Here you need to understand the following points:

1. 1. , and whether you even need your own server. This is one of the key questions that requires a clear and unambiguous answer from the future administrator.
2. 2. What technical resources are at your disposal, and what will be necessary for the operation of a full-fledged server. The minimum technical requirements for creating a “high-quality” server are quite high: the equipment alone will cost 70 - 80 thousand rubles.

Also keep in mind that for normal operation of the resource (for which you are planning to make your own server), you need the server computer to be constantly on and working without interruptions. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure an appropriate power supply.

3. How much money are you willing to spend on creating and maintaining the server? In addition to the above-mentioned hardware costs, creating a full-fledged server on a computer requires a dedicated (statistical) IP address and high speed of data reception and transmission (the minimum indicator is 10 Mbit/sec). Accordingly, for this you will have to pay extra to the provider and enter into an additional contract for the provision of such services.

And before you try to make a server out of a computer, you need to clearly define all these nuances.

How to make a server from a home computer?

To create your own server, you first need to install a multi-user network operating system.

The choice is huge: Debian, FreeBSD, CentOS, OpenSUSE, Ubuntu, Windows and many others.

On the Internet you can find many examples of testing the operation of the above-mentioned operating systems and their ratings in accordance with the test results. For example, the “SOS” rating for 2016:

1st place: “Debian” and “Ubuntu Server”;

3rd place: “FreeBSD” and “ Windows Server»;

4th place: “Red Hat Enterprise”;

5th place: “Fedora”.

Of course, the lion's share of the network software market is made up of operating systems that occupy first place in the ranking. Therefore, in order to create a server on a computer for the first time, we recommend choosing one of them.

As an example, we will focus on installing the Ubuntu Server operating system.

How to set up a local server from scratch on ubuntu?

1. Download and copy the operating system image onto a bootable USB flash drive. Boot your computer from the flash drive: at the first stage you will be asked to select a language.

3. In the next steps, select "Region" and "Keyboard Layout Settings";

4. Specify your username, computer account and password,

then click “Continue”;

configure “Disk Layout”

and select which disk the system is installed on;

6. Wait for the installation and system update to complete.

7. Select the software you need to get started.

8. Confirm that the installation is complete by clicking on the “Continue” button;

9. After restarting the computer, to log into your account you will need to enter the username and password created in step “4”;

10. At this point, the installation of the server operating system and the initial creation of the server are completed.

How to make yourself an admin on your server?

1. 1. To obtain administrator rights, enter the command “sudo su”;
2. 2. By default, the server’s network settings are obtained using DHCP, but for the server to work, you will need to change the “iface eth0 inet static” value in the “/etc/network/interfaces” file to a “static IP address”. The text should look something like this:

iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1

After saving, restart the network with the command “/etc/init.d/networking restart”.

Transcript

1 SIMULATION OF NETWORK OPERATION IN NET-SIMULATOR Installation of NET-Simulator Compiled by: Korobetskaya A.A. NET-Simulator is a freely distributed program that allows you to simulate the operation of computer networks. You can download the program from the official website: The same website contains installation instructions, help and a description of an example network. For the program to work, you need to install a Java machine: To start NET-Simulator, simply unzip the archive and run the run.bat file. Attention! The path to the folder with NET-Simulator must not contain Russian characters! If everything is done correctly, the command prompt will start first, and then a window with an example network will open. In practice, more complex network simulators are used, in which many real devices are available. Examples of simulators: ns-3 (free); NetSim (proprietary); HP Network Simulator (free); Cisco CCNA Labs Simulation (proprietary). 1

2 Task 1. (2 points) Read the documentation and an example of a network. Answer questions. What network devices can be used in Net-Simulator? How to add and remove devices to a project? How to connect the cable to the device? How to launch the terminal to configure devices? What commands does the NET-Simulator terminal support? 2. (4 points) Implement examples of networks from the manual. point-to-point network; network with a “bus” topology on a common hub; network with a “passive star” topology using a switch; connecting networks manually through a switch; connecting various networks through a router. 3. (6 points) Implement your own network according to the option and generate a report. Describe the subnetworks that make up the network using the following scheme: network address; netmask; network topology; number of hosts on the network; maximum allowed number of hosts; what devices are on the network; default gateway address (if any); broadcast address. Total for work: 12 points. For work, a report is drawn up in Word, which should contain answers to each item of the task. Instructions for performing the work These instructions do not duplicate information from the NET-Simulator website. Read it yourself and, if necessary, refer to the program documentation! Each example is saved in a separate project. Point-to-point network Point-to-point is the simplest network consisting of 2 workstations connected by cable. Create a new project. Place 2 computers on the sheet and connect them with a cable. When connected correctly, 2 green lights on the computers will light up. 2

3 Double-click Desktop 0. A terminal window will open. Type help to see a list of available commands. The ifconfig command will allow you to view and configure the parameters of network interfaces (network cards, router connectors, etc.). 3

4 While we have not configured our network, the network cards of the computers are disabled and do not have their own address. To see this, enter the ifconfig command with the -a parameter: eth0 is the interface name (in reality it can be arbitrary); 4

5 Link encap: Ethernet connection standard used; HWaddr physical address (MAC address), unchangeable; DOWN state (off); Next comes the data transfer statistics. Let's assign an IP address with a mask to the first computer (x.x/24 addresses are standardly used for small local networks): A line with IP address settings was added to the interface description and the status changed from DOWN to UP. Similarly, we will configure the second computer to the /24 address (the address must be from the same network, for example, it will not work, but it will). Now let’s check the network’s functionality using the ping command (Ctrl+C stop transmission, in total you need to send 7-10 test 5

6 packages). Please note that while data is being transmitted/received, the green lights on the nodes flash and the cable lights up blue. During the transfer, not a single packet was lost. We have a working point-to-point network. Save the result as a separate project. Security questions: What is a network mask? What is the address of the network created in the example (net id)? What are the host addresses (host ids) on the network? Hub-based network. Bus topology (passive star) We will continue to improve the previously created point-to-point network, but it needs to be saved in a separate project. 6

7 Suppose we want to create a network of three computers. It will no longer be possible to connect them directly, because... Each computer has only one interface (network card). Even if a computer has two network cards in a real network, it is quite difficult to set up a shared network without network devices; one of the computers will have to be turned into a server. In the example, we implement a simple network based on a hub. It can be considered both as a “bus” and as a passive star. A real bus with one common cable cannot be created in Net-Simulator, because Exactly 2 devices are connected to the cable. So, add another computer, a hub, to the previously created point-to-point network and connect it with a cable, as shown in the figure (the location of the nodes on the sheet can be any): We will leave the network address the same, so we do not need to reconfigure the first two nodes need to. They will still be functional. Tip To repeat the previous terminal command, press the up arrow on your keyboard. It is necessary to configure only the third node, giving it an address from the same network, for example: 7

8 The hub itself is not an active device and is not configurable. Let's check the availability of the new computer: 8

9 The first packet from the new computer was lost (possibly a network problem), then the transfer proceeded without failure. Please note that when data is being transferred, the lights on all computers blink, i.e. The data is received by all devices on the network. Therefore, such a network will be very busy. Save the resulting network as a separate project. Similarly, you can add a fourth, fifth, etc. node If the number of nodes is greater than the number of hub connectors, then you can use multiple hubs, or even dedicate a hub to each computer to make the network look like a “bus.” The network setup will be the same in all cases. And in any case, the network can be considered implemented using a “bus” topology. Examples (no need to implement). 9

10 Test questions 1. What is the network address of the hub? 2. How many nodes can there be in a network with a “bus” topology (real and model)? Networks using a switch. Passive star To reduce network load, you can use a switch instead of a hub. This device can analyze the physical address and does not transmit packets to all nodes, but only to a specific recipient. Such a network has a “passive star” topology: the switch located in the center does not control the network, but transmission does not go to all computers, as in a “bus,” but only to the necessary ones. To do this, the switch has a physical address table (mactab), which records which interface is connected to which node. 10

11 This table is filled in automatically. When attempting to transmit, the switch first polls all connected devices and learns their addresses. The addresses are entered into a table, and then the switch transmits only to the required address through the required interface. Because devices can come and go, the MAC table is periodically cleared and the switch polls the devices again. This allows you to keep the table up to date. To implement such a network, simply replace the hub in the previous project with a switch. There is no need to reconfigure computers. Now, if you check the network functionality, it will first send to all hosts, and then the switch will send data only to the required one (from to): 11

12 Without stopping the ping, check the switch's MAC address table: At the same time, start a transfer from host to and check the MAC table again: 12

13 After stopping the transmission, after a few seconds the table will be cleared. Save the resulting network as a separate project. Two networks on a common switch We can connect two different networks to one switch as if they were separate networks. 13

14 Add two more computers to the previous project and assign them addresses /28 and /28. Connect the new computers to the available connectors on the switch. Thus, we have two subnets: 1) with a mask, computers Desktop 0, Desktop 1, Desktop 2 14

15 2) with a mask, computers Desktop 4, Desktop 5 If we check the operation of the network, we will see that within each of the subnets packets circulate freely, but cannot get from one subnet to another, even though these networks are connected to the same device. The reason is that the computers do not have routing tables configured, i.e. computers do not know how to transfer data to another network. They simply won't start transmitting to an unknown address. When we assigned IP addresses to computers, one single line was automatically added to their routing tables: with the computer’s own network. You can view and configure the routing table with the route command. For computers on the first subnet it looks like this: And on the second subnet it looks like this: 15

16 Destination destination address for which the route is specified in this line Gateway to which gateway to send packets, * none, transmission within the local subnet Flags flags (set automatically): U route is active, G route uses a gateway, H destination address is an address of an individual host, and not of the network, the Metric metric determines the priority of the Iface routes, the interface through which the transmission is carried out. i.e. computers on the first subnet “know” only their local addresses from the range, and the second subnet only from. To connect the networks to each other, you need to add them to the routing tables of each computer. For computers on the first subnet (Desktop 0, Desktop 1, Desktop 2): For the second subnet (Desktop 4, Desktop 5): 16

17 Tip If you make a mistake when adding a route, you need to first remove the incorrect route from the table and then add the correct one: 1. Use the “up” arrow to scroll through the commands to the one in which you made a mistake. 2. Replace add with del and run the command. 3. Go through the commands again and correct the error. Now (only after setting up both subnets!) they can transmit packets to each other. Thus, we have two subnets connected to a common router. Save the resulting network as a separate project. Security questions: 1. Where did the second subnet mask come from? How many maximum computers can be connected to the network with such a mask? 2. Does the switch have a routing table? Connecting different networks through a router If two small networks, as in the previous example, can be combined using a single switch, then for large networks that include many hosts and subnets, this option is not suitable because: a) the physical address table of the switch becomes very large, which requires additional memory and slows down its operation; b) to update the table, the switch requests the physical addresses of all network devices, and this is additional traffic; c) each computer will have to enter the addresses of all subnets into the routing table. In reality, a router is used to connect networks. It distributes traffic between subnets and determines the delivery path of each packet. Then each computer does not need to know the addresses of all networks, it only needs to know the address of its router, which will already decide where to send the packet. Switches and hubs are also used in such networks, but they operate within a subnet. The traffic they generate goes no further than the nearest router. 17

18 Open a project in which we have created a passive star network on the switch, but have not yet added a second subnet. Add a router, another hub, two computers and the necessary cables to the project as shown in the figure. Give the two new computers the addresses /16 and /16. Check the functionality of each subnet. 18

19 Now let's configure the router. Unlike computers, the router has 8 ports, each of which has its own interface (eth0-eth7) and its own IP address. We connected the first subnet (/24) to the eth0 interface, and the second (/16) to the eth7 interface. These interfaces need to be given addresses from the range of the corresponding network, for example and Note In real networks, traditionally the router receives an address with the last byte equal to 1 (for example,), and other devices starting with 100 (for example, etc.). Follow this rule when performing your variation. 19

20 All that remains is to tell the computers on the network the address of their router (enter it into the routing table). We need to specify that packets for all addresses except local addresses should be sent to the router. “All addresses” are entered into the table as a destination with the “default gateway” mask. Setting up Desktop 0 (Desktop 1 and Desktop 2 are configured in the same way): 20

21 Configuring Desktop 6 (Desktop 7 is configured in the same way): Checking the availability of a neighboring subnet: 21

22 In order to find out the physical address, the router uses ARP requests. During the transfer, you can view its ARP table (then it is cleared): If you start the transfer simultaneously on all network nodes: Note Real devices usually do not have a command similar to arp. It was added to Net-Simulator for clarity. Full network settings can be viewed through an html report (see example below). Save the project in a separate file and generate a report for it. Security question What devices will need to be configured in order to connect another subnet with a /24 address and three nodes to the router? 22

23 NET-SIMULATOR PROJECT REPORT Project file: Author: Description: Project created at: Report generated at: :56:6 Name: Desktop 0 Description: Desktop Interfaces: Name Status IP Address Netmask Broadcast eth0 UP Routing table: Target Netmask Gateway Metric Interface * 1 eth eth0 Name: Desktop 1 Description: Desktop Interfaces: Name Status IP Address Netmask Broadcast eth0 UP Routing table: Target Netmask Gateway Metric Interface 23

24 * 1 eth eth0 Name: Desktop 2 Description: Desktop Interfaces: Name Status IP Address Netmask Broadcast eth0 UP Routing table: Target Netmask Gateway Metric Interface * 1 eth eth0 Name: 3 Description: Name: 4 Description: Interfaces: Name Status IP Address Netmask Broadcast eth0 UP eth1 DOWN eth2 DOWN eth3 DOWN eth4 DOWN eth5 DOWN eth6 DOWN eth7 UP Routing table: Target Netmask Gateway Metric Interface * 1 eth * 1 eth7 24

25 Name: 5 Description: Name: Desktop 6 Description: Desktop Interfaces: Name Status IP Address Netmask Broadcast eth0 UP Routing table: Target Netmask Gateway Metric Interface * 1 eth eth0 Name: Desktop 7 Description: Desktop Interfaces: Name Status IP Address Netmask Broadcast eth0 UP Routing table: Target Netmask Gateway Metric Interface * 1 eth eth0 25

26 Task options Option 1. Option 2. 26

27 Option 3. Option 4. 27

28 Option 5. Option 6. 28

29 Option 7. Option 8. 29

30 Option 9. Option

31 Option 11. Option

32 Option 13. Option

33 Option 15. Option

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Restoring the firmware of the ER75iX Twin router Connect the router directly to the computer using a crossover network cable (usually marked with a red “crosswired” label) and connect it to the computer’s COM port

SKY Setting up the polling server VIEW When you start the program, a program icon appears in the system tray (the area of ​​the taskbar next to the clock). To open the SKAY server settings window, right-click

Using VRRP on Moxa L3 Switches Configuring Default Gateway Redundancy Using VRRP VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is a network protocol designed to increase

Laboratory work 14 topic: Routing in computer networks Brief theoretical information Routing is the process of determining the route for information in communication networks. Often used in Russian

In my opinion, this is a very excellent topic to write about. At one time it was interesting to set up some kind of server on your computer for more convenient file sharing. Having tried different ones and even the protocol, I realized that I absolutely don’t like them, the first ones look, to put it mildly, poorly in the browser, the second ones, although they have their obvious advantages, I don’t want to connect a network drive on other people’s computers. But one (beautiful and sunny) day I came across a program called HTTP File Server (HFS for short), installed it, configured it (since I started working with the cleanest version, there were some problems with it) and almost fell in love with this program. To access my files, it is now enough to have any browser, since all access is carried out through a regular web page. I also created a folder into which a person who knows the password can add a file directly through the browser. Files from the server can be downloaded either one at a time or in folders at once. The program itself will place the folder in a .tar archive without compression and send it for downloading. At the same time, the site has a rather neat appearance, although if you wish (and have sufficient knowledge), you can write a site template yourself. Admit that this is a great way to transfer files easily and conveniently?

And here is an example of the page that you will see in the browser window, as you can see everything is beautiful and neat; you can find many beautiful templates on the program forum:

Although her menu is entirely in English, this is not a hindrance for me. And for those who do not know English well, at the end of the article I will try to explain as fully as possible what all sections of the menu are responsible for and how to use them.

So, let's move on to installing and configuring HTTP File Server:

1) To save you some time, I prepared an HFS assembly with a Russian-language website template and made the initial setup of the program itself. You can download the assembly from my Yandex.Disk using the link. If you are confident in your abilities, then you can download a clean version of the program on the official website http://www.rejetto.com/hfs/

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