RGB white. Color in styles can be set in different ways: by hexadecimal value, by name, in RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA format

Hexadecimal numbers are used to specify colors. The hexadecimal system, unlike the decimal system, is based, as its name implies, on the number 16. The numbers will be the following: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C , D, E, F. Numbers from 10 to 15 are replaced by Latin letters. Numbers greater than 15 in the hexadecimal system are formed by combining two numbers into one. For example, the number 255 in decimal corresponds to the number FF in hexadecimal. To avoid confusion in the definition of the number system, the hexadecimal number is preceded by the hash symbol #, for example #666999. Each of the three colors - red, green and blue - can take values ​​from 00 to FF. Thus, the designation of the color is divided into three components #rrggbb, where the first two characters mark the red component of the color, the two middle ones mark green, and the last two mark blue. It is allowed to use the abbreviated form #rgb, where each character should be doubled. Thus, the entry #fe0 should be regarded as #ffee00.

by name

Browsers support some colors by name. In table. 1 shows the names, hex code, values ​​in RGB, HSL format and description.

With RGB

You can define a color using the red, green, and blue values ​​in decimal terms. Each of the three color components takes a value from 0 to 255. It is also acceptable to set the color as a percentage, while 100% will correspond to the number 255. First, the rgb keyword is specified, and then the color components are specified in brackets, separated by commas, for example rgb(255 , 128, 128) or rgb(100%, 50%, 50%).

RGBA

The RGBA format is similar in syntax to RGB, but includes an alpha channel that sets the element's transparency. A value of 0 is fully transparent, 1 is opaque, and an intermediate value like 0.5 is translucent.

RGBA is added to CSS3, so validation of CSS code should be carried out according to this version. It should be noted that the CSS3 standard is still under development and some of its features may change. For example, an RGB color added to the background-color property passes validation, but one added to the background property does not. At the same time, browsers quite correctly understand the color for both properties.

HSL

The name of the HSL format is formed from a combination of the first letters Hue (hue), Saturate (saturation) and Lightness (lightness). Hue is the color value on the color wheel (Fig. 1) and is specified in degrees. 0° is red, 120° is green, and 240° is blue. Hue value can vary from 0 to 359.

Rice. 1. Color wheel

Saturation is the intensity of a color, measured as a percentage from 0% to 100%. A value of 0% indicates no color and a shade of gray, 100% is the maximum saturation value.

Lightness sets how bright the color is and is specified as a percentage from 0% to 100%. Small values ​​make the color darker, while high values ​​make it lighter, extreme values ​​of 0% and 100% correspond to black and white.

HSLA

The HSLA format is similar in syntax to HSL, but includes an alpha channel that sets the element's transparency. A value of 0 is fully transparent, 1 is opaque, and an intermediate value like 0.5 is translucent.

Color values ​​in RGBA, HSL, and HSLA formats are added to CSS3, so when using these formats, check the code for validity against the version.

HTML5 CSS2.1 CSS3 IE Cr Op Sa Fx

Warning

All methods of catching a lion listed on the site are theoretical and based on computational methods. The authors do not guarantee your safety when using them and disclaim any responsibility for the result. Remember, the lion is a predator and a dangerous animal!

The result of this example is shown in Fig. 2.

Rice. 2. Colors on the web page

HEX/HTML

A color in HEX format is nothing more than a hexadecimal representation of RGB.

Colors are represented as three groups of hexadecimal digits, where each group is responsible for its own color: #112233, where 11 is red, 22 is green, 33 is blue. All values ​​must be between 00 and FF.

Many applications accept a shorthand notation for hexadecimal colors. If each of the three groups contains the same characters, for example #112233, then they can be written as #123.

1. h1 ( color: #ff0000; ) /* red */
2. h2 ( color: #00ff00; ) /* green */
3. h3 ( color: #0000ff; ) /* blue */
4. h4 ( color: #00f; ) /* same blue, shorthand */

RGB

The RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color space consists of all possible colors that can be obtained by mixing red, green, and blue. This model is popular in photography, television, and computer graphics.

RGB values ​​are specified as an integer between 0 and 255. For example, rgb(0,0,255) is displayed as blue because the blue parameter is set to its highest value (255) and the rest are set to 0.

Some applications (particularly web browsers) support RGB percentages (from 0% to 100%).

1. h1 ( color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ) /* red */
2. h2 ( color: rgb(0, 255, 0); ) /* green */
3. h3 ( color: rgb(0, 0, 255); ) /* blue */
4. h4 ( color: rgb(0%, 0%, 100%); ) /* same blue, percentage notation */

RGB color values ​​are supported in all major browsers.

RGBA

Recently, modern browsers have learned to work with the RGBA color model, an extension of RGB with support for an alpha channel that determines the opacity of an object.

The RGBA color value is specified as: rgba(red, green, blue, alpha). The alpha parameter is a number between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (fully opaque).

1. h1 ( color: rgb(0, 0, 255); ) /* blue in normal RGB */
2. h2 ( color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1); ) /* same blue in RGBA because opacity: 100% */
3. h3 ( color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5); ) /* opacity: 50% */
4. h4 ( color: rgba(0, 0, 255, .155); ) /* opacity: 15.5% */
5. h5 ( color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0); ) /* completely transparent */

RGBA is supported in IE9+, Firefox 3+, Chrome, Safari, and Opera 10+.

HSL

The HSL color model is a representation of the RGB model in a cylindrical coordinate system. HSL represents colors in a way that is more intuitive and easy to understand than typical RGB. The model is often used in graphics applications, in color palettes, and for image analysis.

HSL stands for Hue (color / hue), Saturation (saturation), Lightness / Luminance (lightness / lightness / luminosity, not to be confused with brightness).

Hue sets the position of the color on the color wheel (from 0 to 360). Saturation is a saturation percentage value (from 0% to 100%). Lightness is a percentage of lightness (from 0% to 100%).

1. h1 ( color: hsl(120, 100%, 50%); ) /* green */
2. h2 ( color: hsl(120, 100%, 75%); ) /* light green */
3. h3 ( color: hsl(120, 100%, 25%); ) /* dark green */
4. h4 ( color: hsl(120, 60%, 70%); ) /* pastel green */

HSL is supported in IE9+, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Opera 10+.

HSLA

Similar to RGB/RGBA, HSL has an HSLA mode with support for an alpha channel to specify the opacity of an object.

The HSLA color value is specified as: hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, alpha). The alpha parameter is a number between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (fully opaque).

1. h1 ( color: hsl(120, 100%, 50%); ) /* green in regular HSL */
2. h2 ( color: hsla(120, 100%, 50%, 1); ) /* same green in HSLA because opacity: 100% */
3. h3 ( color: hsla(120, 100%, 50%, 0.5); ) /* opacity: 50% */
4. h4 ( color: hsla(120, 100%, 50%, .155); ) /* opacity: 15.5% */
5. h5 ( color: hsla(120, 100%, 50%, 0); ) /* fully transparent */

CMYK

The CMYK color model is often associated with color printing, with printing. CMYK (unlike RGB) is a subtractive model, meaning that higher values ​​are associated with darker colors.

Colors are determined by the ratio of cyan (Cyan), magenta (Magenta), yellow (Yellow), with the addition of black (Key / blackK).

Each of the numbers that defines a color in CMYK represents the percentage of ink of a given color that makes up the color combination, or rather, the size of the raster dot displayed on the phototypesetter on the film of this color (or directly on the printing plate in the case of CTP).

For example, to get the color "PANTONE 7526" you would mix 9 parts cyan, 83 parts magenta, 100 yellow, and 46 black. This can be denoted as follows: (9,83,100,46). Sometimes they use such designations: C9M83Y100K46, or (9%, 83%, 100%, 46%), or (0.09 / 0.83 / 1.0 / 0.46).

HSB/HSV

HSB (also known as HSV) is similar to HSL, but they are two different color models. They are both based on cylindrical geometry, but HSB/HSV is based on the "hexcone" model while HSL is based on the "bi-hexcone" model. Artists often prefer to use this model, it is generally accepted that the HSB / HSV device is closer to natural color perception. In particular, the HSB color model is used in Adobe Photoshop.

HSB / HSV stands for Hue (color / hue), Saturation (saturation), Brightness / Value (brightness / value).

Hue sets the position of the color on the color wheel (from 0 to 360). Saturation is a saturation percentage value (from 0% to 100%). Brightness is a percentage of brightness (from 0% to 100%).

XYZ

The XYZ color model (CIE 1931 XYZ) is a purely mathematical space. Unlike RGB, CMYK, and other models, in XYZ the primary components are "imaginary", meaning you can't map X, Y, and Z to any mix color set. XYZ is the master model for almost all other color models used in technical fields.

LAB

The LAB color model (CIELAB, "CIE 1976 L*a*b*") is calculated from the CIE XYZ space. The goal of Lab was to create a color space in which color change would be more linear in terms of human perception (compared to XYZ), that is, the same change in color coordinate values ​​in different areas of the color space would produce the same feeling of color change.

>>Color Management

Hexadecimal RGB color values

Methods for describing and processing colors differ from each other in what final representation they are intended for. Let's compare, for example, representations of colors for polygraphy and for computer monitors. In the first case, the basis is white the color of the paper on which the three primary colors are subsequently applied: blue, purple And yellow. Mixing with each other and with the white color of paper in different proportions, these three primary colors give different color shades, except for pure black, or in the complete absence of colors they give white paper. If we add black to them, we get CMYK- a way to convey color when the desired color is obtained by subtracting the missing colors from white.

In the second case, the basis is black the color of the monitor screen, each cell of which glows in one of three colors: red-red, green-green and blue-blue. Then, in the complete absence of any glow, we get a pure black color of the screen, and any of the required colors is given by the ratio of each of the three colors. In this case we will get RGB- Color transfer method. Primary colors can have meanings from 0 before 255 , or from 0% before 100% , or can be represented as a hexadecimal value. In the figure below you can see the results of mixing primary colors.

The hexadecimal number system, unlike the decimal number system, has not ten digits in its series of digits, but sixteen - hence the name. Accordingly, non-repeating variants of combinations of two digits can only be - 256 , to continue the series of digits after 9 letters from A before F, so the row will look like this -

In this case, the color is given by three hexadecimal numbers, each consisting of two digits. The first number determines the intensity red colors, average green, last thing- blue colors. All numbers can take values ​​ranging from 00 before FF(from 0 to 255). For example: green color is given as #00FF00, red - like #FF0000, blue - like #0000FF, white - like #FFFFFF, complete absence of color or black is given as #000000 .

In the form below, you can set any hexadecimal values ​​for each of the three colors and see the result of their mixing by clicking in the output field.

Examples of some hexadecimal RGB color values: red, blue, and green gradations.

Specifying a Color with String Literals

For ease of use, some colors and their combinations were given names that are recognized by all browsers and it became possible to set many of them by name. The table below shows some of the color names:

Using a Safe Color Picker

Unfortunately, on different platforms, with different system settings, correct color reproduction is a problem. The thing is that the browser always tries to adjust the color palette of the document to the system settings and monitor capabilities, by mixing and replacing colors on its own. As a result, sometimes the user sees not quite what the webmaster wanted to show him. The way out of this situation was found in the use of a palette, each color of which is guaranteed to be rendered in the same way by all browsers on different platforms. This so-called guaranteed palette, also known as safe palette. This palette includes colors whose color components take on the following values: 00 ,33 ,66 ,99 , CC,FF, in all possible 216 their combinations.

Color codes in CSS are used to specify colors. Typically, color codes or color values ​​are used to set a color for either the foreground of an element (eg, text, link color) or the background of an element (background, block color). They can also be used to change button color, borders, marker, hover and other decorative effects.

You can set your color values ​​in various formats. The following table lists all possible formats:

These formats are described in more detail below.

CSS Colors - Hex Codes

Hexadecimal color code is a six-digit color representation. The first two digits (RR) are the red value, the next two are the green value (GG) and the last two are the blue value (BB).

CSS Colors - Short Hex Codes

Short hexadecimal color code is a shorter form of six-character notation. In this format, each digit is repeated to produce the equivalent six-digit color value. For example: #0F0 becomes #00FF00.

The hexadecimal value can be taken from any graphics software such as Adobe Photoshop, Core Draw, etc.

Each hexadecimal color code in CSS will be preceded by a "#" hash sign. The following are examples of the use of hexadecimal notation.

CSS Colors - RGB Values

RGB value is a color code that is set using the rgb() property. This property takes three values: one each for red, green, and blue. The value can be an integer, from 0 to 255, or a percentage.

Note: Not all browsers support the rgb() color property, so it's not recommended to use it.

Below is an example showing multiple colors using RGB values.

Color code generator

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Safe Browser Colors

Below is a table of 216 colors that are the most secure and computer independent. These colors in CSS range from 000000 to FFFFFF hex code. They are safe to use as they ensure that all computers will display color correctly when working with the 256 color palette.