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1

The article discusses and substantiates options for opening low-amplitude floating gas deposits. As a result, the design features of the development of such facilities were identified. In particular, it is necessary to change the existing approach to the placement of well pads and the pattern of well clustering in such deposits. Options for drilling and completing wells, design layouts for wells and well pads, and recommendations for increasing the accuracy and reliability of technological calculations using hydrodynamic models are presented.

When adapting the model, a good combination of actual and calculated using the “classical” scheme was obtained<...>Geological gas reserves in the sector model are 3.5 billion m3.<...> <...>Placement of a horizontal well in the filtration model (a) and its “segment model” (b) (impermeable<...>Placement of a well with a “bowl-shaped” profile in the filtration model (a) and its “segment model” (descent

2

The work analyzes the main features of three-dimensional modeling of various geological objects, formulates the requirements for three-dimensional modeling systems and software aimed at supporting it. The most important information characterizing the capabilities of the COMMODORE three-dimensional computer object-oriented modeling system is provided.

The Geological Dictionary defines a model as an abstract or material representation of objects<...>Of the above models, mathematical ones have the greatest versatility and functionality.<...>models that are now becoming prevalent, which is greatly facilitated by<...>Development of three-dimensional computer models of geological media // Vestn. Voronezh. un-ta.<...>System for creating three-dimensional models of geological objects // Vestn. Voronezh. un-ta.

3

The need to assess the forces of lifting structures from water-saturated soil arises when removing offshore gravity drilling platforms from the bottom soil when they are rearranged, as well as in the event of the action of significant wave or wind loads on them, causing significant lifting forces. The possibility of an experimental method for studying such complex systems is limited. When solving problems of this kind, theoretical analysis is more preferable. However, the known solutions to this problem did not take into account the stickiness of the soil. A refined computational model of the process of detachment of shallow structures from water-saturated soil has been developed, taking into account the deformability of the skeleton and the stickiness of the soil. It is shown that this model allows one to estimate the main parameters of the lifting process: the magnitude of the load when lifting a structure from the ground; the duration of application of the load required to lift the structure from the ground; lifting time and intensity of lifting load at different rates of its increase. It has been established that increasing the duration of lifting a structure by reducing the rate of increase in the lifting load leads to a decrease in the force required to lift the structure from the ground. The resulting calculation model makes it possible to optimize the process of detaching a structure from water-saturated soil and can be used, for example, in work related to the removal of offshore gravity drilling platforms from the bottom soil when they are rearranged

The proposed refined calculation model of the separation process allows us to determine the main parameters of the process<...>soil deconsolidation, which occurs when a structure is lifted from the ground, can be described using the “basic calculation model<...>The proposed calculation model of the process of separation of a structure from water-saturated soil allows us to estimate:<...>Thus, the developed computational model of the process of detachment of a shallow structure from the ground

5

The article contains methodological sections and is intended for trained readers who have initial experience of working with the Actor Pilgrim simulation system, as well as those familiar with publications in the journal “Applied Informatics”.

model tracing mode.<...>which complicates the model.<...> <...>Modernization and execution of models Modernization of models.<...>The Run Model key simply transfers control to the model exe file.

6

MARKET STRUCTURES OF THE REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES

M.: ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS, LABOR AND MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE

The purpose of the study was to develop scientific and methodological foundations for the formation of market structures of the regional agro-industrial complex.

The development of a model of market structures was carried out using the method of organizational and economic design<...>LLC "Agency Book-Service" 4 logiy of their study. analysis and design, and, finally, the standard models themselves<...>Methodological developments, recommendations, market models have practical value for production.<...>methodological provisions are revealed for determining the demand for products and agricultural raw materials, developing models<...>Lindsay in the book "Market: a microeconomic model" write that...

7

LOCATION OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES

M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AND ORDER OF THE RED BANNER OF LABOR AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER K. A. TIMIRYAZEV

production on sugar yield per I hectare and their reliability was obtained using the following correlation-regression model<...>-h. labor, rub. "All factors included in the model are significant at significance levels of B=0.01 and 0.05.<...>The coefficient of determination indicates that the factors included in the model explain 65*" variations<...>beet production in the south-west zone. . "*. : ... "-." " * / " *" Eg:ono:lsh:o-g,at"o:attp1st model<...>transportation^and "perera-Y" BOT OF RAW MATERIALS. . " with "*G", 4 H*1/," ".\.\ ;" X" models

8

Political Science Guidelines

“Political culture: models and reality” - M., 1990 Rukavishnikov V., Khalmyan L., Esther P.<...>Political Culture: Theory and National Models. Rep. ed. Gadzhiev K.S. M., 1994.-260 p.<...>"Civilized model" of international relations and its implications. // Polis.-1995.-P.70-75.<...>Authoritarianism and democracy: two models .// Polis.-1996.-No. 6.-P.38-54. Morozova L.A.

9

Theory and methodology of cycling. Section 4. “Teaching the technique of moving a bicycle, improving technical skills” course of lectures on the theory and methodology of cycling for students of the Russian State University of Physical Culture and Sports, studying in the specialty 032101.65 “Physical culture and sports”

M.: RGUFKSMiT

Cycling is one of the most rapidly developing sports in the world, the most popular and widespread summer Olympic sport in our country. The need to introduce the course “Theory and Methods of Cycling” is due to the favorable natural and climatic conditions for cycling, the ease of mastering the movements of a cyclist, the lack of need for special expensive sports facilities intended for cycling, and the economic availability of cycling equipment. These factors, combined with the highest health-improving effect compared to other physical training means of physical activity, allowed the bicycle to become a national means of improving the health of Russians, including the disabled, almost throughout their entire lives - from 3-4 years to 80-90 years of age. The educational material “Lecture Course” on the theory and methodology of cycling is built in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education of a cycle of special disciplines based on the curriculum for specialty 032101.65 “Physical Culture and Sports”, specialization “Theory and Methodology of the Selected Sport” . The purpose of the course of lectures is to organize independent work of students to master the theoretical material of the academic discipline “Theory and Methods of Cycling”. The objectives of the course of lectures are to reveal the content of the academic discipline “Theory and Methodology of Cycling”, to provide students with the most relevant information on the academic discipline “Theory and Methodology of Cycling”, as well as to manage the cognitive activity of students.

independent thinking skills, development of abilities for self-analysis and self-control, orientation towards the “model”<...>This includes “bicycle cyclist”, “bicycle athlete”, “bicycle racer” and, finally, “reference system<...>Study of hypoxia in skeletal muscle using a mathematical model // Special and clinical physiology

10

INTENSIFICATION OF OPERATION OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT STRUCTURES USING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ABSTRACT DIS. ... DOCTOR OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

M.: ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIA ACADEMY

The purpose and objectives of the work. The purpose of the research was to develop the theoretical and applied foundations of technologies and methods for intensifying the operation of biological treatment facilities using electromagnetic fields, allowing to increase their technical and economic efficiency and the environmental safety of treated wastewater for open reservoirs. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve the following problems: study the kinetics of processes associated with the mechanism of extracellular destruction of organic compounds and create a model of the biochemical breakdown of complex organic substrates; identify patterns of influence of electromagnetic activation of the sludge mixture on the oxidative capacity of the biocenosis and the value of the sludge index; develop a new reagent-free technology for water disinfection, test and study the conditions for its technical implementation; develop and research technology for deep removal of polyphosphates, study the effect of electromagnetic activation on the efficiency of the process;

General patterns are noted in a number of mathematical models of biological wastewater treatment systems.<...>Models based on the two-phase theory of pollution removal are analyzed.<...>Copyright OJSC "CDB "BIBKOM" & LLC "Agency Kniga-Service" 21 Mathematical model The methodology is based<...>Tomsk, 2003. S. 48-55 Patents and utility models: 28. Patent No. 2126772 dated 02.27.99.<...>Certificate for “Utility model” No. 2001115272/20 (016344) dated 04.07. 2000

11

Guidelines for preparing for practical classes in the academic discipline “Innovation Infrastructure” in the specialty: 220601 – Innovation Management

Publishing house PGUTI

Guidelines for preparing for practical classes in the discipline “Innovation Infrastructure” were prepared at the Department of “Electronic Commerce”, intended for students of all forms of study in the specialty 220601 - Innovation Management and are a guide to their implementation by students. They contain a set of questions and assignments covering the main theoretical and applied aspects of innovation management in a company, allowing students to apply the theoretical knowledge they have acquired, the ability to select, systematize, analyze and summarize materials in conditions of incomplete information and constant changes in real problematic market situations.

What main models of innovative development have been developed?<...>Olina; Keynesian models of dynamic development (R. Harrod and E.<...>Unlike the Western model (market plus democracy), the Asian model was initially built on the leading<...>What models of organizational support for R&D results are used?<...>Models of organizational support for R&D results Three main models of organizational

12

REGULARITIES AND MODELS OF WATER MIGRATION OF IONS IN SOILS OF ARID AND SEMIARID AREAS ABSTRACT DIS. ... DOCTOR OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN, ORDER OF THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION AND ORDER OF THE RED BANNER OF LABOR STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER M. V. LOMONOSOV

The purpose of the work was to develop theoretical foundations and methods for studying patterns; water migration of ions in soils of arid and semiarid regions using mathematical modeling in connection with topical issues of soil reclamation forecasting, soil protection and increasing the bioproductivity of agrocenoses.

actions of processes and factors General methods for constructing models The meaning of some model parameters<...>t Building a complex migration model Finding parameters Model checking and quality assessment Computational<...>"G."-*"* "; *ь""/" ""J;":- * . .;._" "" "; ",„"-:"" , "Both model B and model C reproduce well<...>" . > ; "I Model .B+R.<...>Designed by Anna with Christmas trees of the YVNA model.";;.

13

Fundamentals of physical education at university. allowance

Publishing house PGUTI

The material in the manual allows you to systematize and deepen knowledge on the basic theory of the discipline “Physical Culture and Sports”. It is intended to briefly introduce the basic concepts and terms that should improve the level of physical education. The textbook was developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education for the profile of bachelor and specialist in all areas.

Since it was said about the beauty of the male figure, we will give examples of the standards of the female figure.<...>Thus, the standard of the female figure in 2980 BC. was the Venus of Willendor, a symbol of fertility.<...>OJSC "CDB "BIBKOM" & LLC "Agency Kniga-Service" 1880 ideal woman of the 19th century "corsage model<...>Today, elite sport is still the only model of activity in which outstanding record holders<...>Mental work Human activity to transform the conceptual model formed in his mind

14

No. 11 [Oilfield Engineering, 2017]

Equipment and technology for development, production, collection, transportation, preparation of oil and gas, methods of influencing the formation and increasing oil recovery, routine overhauls of equipment.

The well model consists of three “connections” of cells of the hydrodynamic model with the well model and three<...>These models are presented in Fig. 4.<...>Schematic representation of various reservoir models in a horizontal section: a – homogeneous model; b<...>The average multiple correlation coefficient for models across groups increased compared to models<...>models

15

No. 5 [Applied Informatics / Journal of Applied Informatics, 2013]

The journal “Applied Informatics” is the successor to the collection of the same name, published since 1981 by the publishing house “Finance and Statistics”. Covers current trends in the development of applied computer science. Most of the materials are devoted to applied issues: the use of information technologies in such areas as electronic marketing and commerce, training of IT specialists, information systems, mathematical and computer modeling, information security. Since 2006, the magazine has been a founding member of a number of international and all-Russian conferences, and also provides information support to organizing committees in holding such events. The publication is included in the List of Higher Attestation Commissions of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

domain of e-government architecture, the so-called reference standards are being developed and constantly refined<...>The reference models noted are, in essence, specific guidelines that provide general<...>As a result, information was supplied to the receptors about the difference between the reference oscillation frequency and that recorded in<...>This task is also relevant for models created according to the “Standard model design” option, and especially for models<...>Modernization and execution of models Modernization of models.

16

Practical thinking: theoretical problems and applied aspects [monograph]

The monograph is a summary of the research and theoretical developments of the Yaroslavl scientific school team devoted to the problem of practical thinking. The work is divided into two main sections. The first section is devoted to theoretical and research problems of practical thinking. It consists of four parts: “Practical thinking in the context of general theoretical problems of psychological science.” “Practical thinking in the interaction of the subject with the world”, “Transformative orientation of practical thinking” and “Subject of practical thinking. Experience and construction of the situation.” The second section, presented in the fifth part of the monograph “Methodological aspect of the study and diagnosis of the characteristics of practical thinking,” includes practice-oriented developments of the team in the field of research and diagnosis of the characteristics of practical thinking.

The main function of this model, obviously, is to implement synthesis templates, reference solutions<...>This fact may indicate a larger repertoire of standards (models) available to them for a given situation<...>Perhaps this is also due to the low diversity of the alphabet of situation standards.<...>adequate evaluation standards; e) weakness of regulatory mechanisms.<...>Based on the method of constructing models - updating the relevant standards for situational ones and analyzing

17

Algorithmization of applied problems textbook. allowance

M.: FLINTA

The materials of the textbook were prepared on the basis of the results of research conducted by the author and theoretical generalizations on the algorithmization of applied problems solved on electronic computers. Due attention is paid to the provisions and recommendations of a methodological nature, so that the materials of the manual can serve as a methodological guide for the reader’s independent work on the practical development and description of algorithms in the interests of their software implementation.

<...>analytical model.<...>models<...>Stochastic models, in turn, are divided into models of random states and models of randomized<...>models

18

No. 4 [Molecular genetics, microbiology and virology, 2013]

Founded in 1983. The editor-in-chief of the journal is Sergei Viktorovich Kostrov - corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences, director of the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The journal covers the most current theoretical and applied problems of molecular genetics of pro- and eukaryotic organisms, molecular microbiology and molecular virology. The journal assigns an important role to research into the genetic apparatus of microorganisms, research into the forms of genetic exchange, genetic mapping of pathogenic pathogens, elucidation of the structure and functions of extrachromosomal factors of heredity and migrating genetic elements, and theoretical studies of the mechanisms of genetic regulation. Publishes the results of studies of the molecular and genetic foundations of the eukaryotic cell, the functioning of chromosomes and chromatin, the nature of genetic changes during malignant degeneration and a number of hereditary diseases. The pages of the journal highlight the development of the molecular foundations of virology, including issues of integration of viral and cellular genomes, issues of persistence.

Despite the fact that mice do not suffer from whooping cough and are not an adequate experimental model for humans<...>, today the “mouse model” is used to study some characteristics of the infectious<...>The experimental model we propose can be used not only to study the dynamics of accumulation

19

No. 6 [Geology, geophysics and development of oil and gas fields, 2012]

When constructing a hydrodynamic model (as the final model used in field development<...>A characteristic feature of the RPT models obtained on the basis of the Purcell model is their good convergence<...>Two models of a hydrocarbon deposit in a structure complicated by a fault: a – traditional model –<...>The second version of the alternative model of the Usinsk field is the plicative model, based<...>, similar to the well-known P. model.

20

World economy

Models of industrialization. 6.<...>What is the difference between the economic model of the EU countries and the American model? 19.<...>What are the features of the Japanese economic model? 21.<...>Differences between the American economic model and the Western European one. 2.<...>Highly developed countries have switched to an innovative development model.

21

No. 4 [Automation, telemechanization and communications in the oil industry, 2016]

Development and maintenance of measuring instruments, automation, telemechanization and communication, automated control systems, information systems, CAD and metrological, mathematical, software

Version "C" for wells 7 In-line moisture meters models L and F (model F) (Phase Dynamics Inc.,<...>Flow velocity 0.7…4.6 m/s 8 RFM WCM moisture meters models LC, HC and FC (FC model) (Roxar Flow Measurement<...>Operating models are hydrodynamic models of the "inflow-lift-network" class, implemented on simplified<...>Mathematical model.<...>Key words: optimal control; integrated model; operating model; intellectual

22

No. 2 [Geology, geophysics and development of oil and gas fields, 2014]

Methods for comprehensive assessment of oil and gas potential of territories, calculation of reserves; issues of assessing the influence of geological and physical factors on field development indicators.

A spatiotemporal model of the formation and propagation of ZNGN in the sub-domanik oil and gas complexes has been carried out,<...>Having accepted the injection model of the process of occurrence of a deposit, several options can be calculated<...>During the research, sedimentological models of the D4 formation of neighboring fields were analyzed<...>The prediction of thicknesses and properties based on the constructed model was subsequently confirmed by a drilled well.<...>Key words: geology; sedimentology; seismic exploration; sedimentation model.

23

No. 6 [Intellectual Property Exchange, 2010]

Economic and legal problems of transfer of high technologies, creation and use of intellectual property, regulations, court decisions.

scenario B2, based on traditional assumptions about the impact of technological progress in the model<...>As follows from Fig. 5, in the traditional model, carbon emissions from energy use and industry<...>So far, the device exists only in the form of a model, but the most important Russian officials have already become interested in it.<...>Dependence of excess heat capacity ΔСV on temperature and grain size of a model nanocrystal Copyright<...>Type of result of intellectual activity (invention, utility model, industrial design, topology

24

No. 11 [Posev, 1988]

Social and political magazine. Published since November 11, 1945, published by the publishing house of the same name. The motto of the magazine is “God is not in power, but in truth” (Alexander Nevsky). The frequency of the magazine has changed. Initially published as a weekly publication, for some time it was published twice a week, and from the beginning of 1968 (number 1128) the magazine became monthly.

In 1974, the Pinochet regime adopted the "Chicago model" of economic development, based on<...>free trade and enterprise and which is the opposite of the socialist model<...>"Copying the Western market model based on private property is fundamentally unacceptable for<...>socio-economic, political, personal rights and freedoms, then the totalitarian regime (in the current, “Leninist” model

25

Geometrodynamics is a program for developing algorithms for constructing analytical solutions to equations that describe two-dimensional and three-dimensional motions of continuous media: monograph

Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics

The monograph briefly outlines a new approach to the geometrization of physical theory and some of its applications. It is a version of the unified field theory based on a conformally invariant generalization of the general theory of relativity. Due to conformal (scale) symmetry, the method is suitable for use not only in cosmology, but also in physics of ordinary scales, as well as in microphysics.

point of view, this is quite sufficient, since in Nature there are no absolute dimensional values, standard<...>In other words, the laws of Nature and the results of experiments should not depend on what scales (standards<...>One-dimensional model of the original 2-dimensional surface.<...>for the Ising model and the Potts model with Q states), states that the partition functions of spin models<...>State model The state model proposed by Kaufman eliminates all intersections of a given link

26

No. 3 [Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin, 2006]

The stock market is less developed compared to the outsider model: its Copyright JSC Central Design Bureau BIBKOM &<...>Under the insider model, it is almost impossible to carry out a hostile takeover.<...>In countries with an insider model, the role of the stock market in the redistribution of free funds<...>The same model is used by Sina.com, a leading Internet portal in China.<...>Formation of an open model of regional development.

27

No. 6 [USA and Canada: economics, politics, culture, 2018]

The liberal economic model is confirmed by the fact that in recent years the share of private industries<...>“Ironically, precisely because the danger threatening the world from the model of domination is today<...>And for the first time in the history of the human race, the partnership model may be the only condition<...>To search for the most adequate models of modernization, the Japanese went to developed countries for experience.<...>However, the process of adapting the American financial model to Japanese conditions was not easy.

28

No. 8 [Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin, 2007]

The magazine, established by the All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade in 1996, is an authoritative scientific, analytical, educational and methodological monthly publication in the field of foreign economic activity. The pages of the magazine touch on current problems of the world economy and international relations, discuss the most important issues for the state of Russia's export-import policy, increasing its competitiveness in various commodity markets. Among the authors of articles published in the journal are well-known scientists and highly competent specialists from many sectors of the economy of various regions and cities of Russia. The magazine actually became the center of attraction for foreign economic ideas throughout the country.

reforms, including the Washington Consensus model of the International Monetary Fund.<...>models are, from our point of view, the most realistic.<...>The components of this model are contained in Scheme 1.<...>The most practically applicable are the binomial method and the Black-Scholes model.<...>In 1997, the creators of the model were awarded the Nobel Prize.

29

No. 1 [Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2011]

To solve the set tasks, we used a model for the formation of long-term adaptation in<...>The neuroprotective effect was studied in cell cultures of cerebellar granules of 7-day-old rats in the K+ model<...>Here and in Fig. 2, 3: I - control, II - model, III - model + postnatal treatment, IV - model + afobazole<...>, 1 mg/kg, V - model + afobazole, 10 mg/kg.<...>The Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rat strain is widely used as a model of convulsive conditions

30

No. 2 [Problems of social hygiene, health care and history of medicine, 2012]

A model for providing medical care to patients with back pain has been developed, the implementation of which allows<...>It is worth highlighting two models of general medical practices working in rural areas: 1st - GP serves adults<...>Such a model was the AGP of the Belinsky rural municipal district, where the doctor serves the adult and pediatric population,<...>The choice of the AFP model without assigned FAPs was made with the aim of rationing labor and further<...>Therefore, there cannot be a single AFP model that is equally applicable to any rural area.

31

No. 12 [Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2011]

The journal contains planned work of research institutions in the form of short original reports on topical issues of biology and medicine, containing new significant scientific results. Editor-in-Chief, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences V.A. Tutelyan Headings of the journal “Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine”: - Physiology - General pathology and pathological physiology - Biophysics and biochemistry - Pharmacology and toxicology - New drugs - Immunology and microbiology - Allergology - Genetics - Virology - Oncology - Ecology - Nanotechnology - New biomedical technologies - Experimental methods - clinic - Biogerontology - Primatology - Sports medicine - Experimental biology - Morphology and pathomorphology - Methods.

618 Effects of heparin on synaptic activity in the model<...>....................... 623 Inotropic and chronotropic effects of ischemic postconditioning in the model<...>There is no generally accepted in vitro model of PV.<...>The purpose of this work is to evaluate the inotropic and chronotropic effects of different models of cardiac PV in vitro.<...>To estimate the time (t*) of combining chiral molecules into an associate, we used a cellular model

32

Basic financial instruments for regulating innovative entrepreneurship. allowance

The theoretical and methodological aspect of the intellectual property of business entities is considered in detail. Intended for students, masters, graduate students of economic fields and specialties of all forms of study.

Features of legal protection and use of utility models Legal protection of utility models is carried out<...>The owner of the exclusive right to a utility model provided by a utility model certificate<...>, and the employer in the case of official creation of utility models.<...>utility model to others.<...>invention, utility model patent, industrial design patent.

33

No. 6 [Legality, 2012]

As you know, over the past decade and a half in Russia, legislation has been actively updated, on some issues - radically, many legal institutions are undergoing significant changes, and new ones are being introduced. During this time, the magazine’s pages published many discussion articles about the place and role of the prosecutor’s office in our society and state, dedicated to judicial reform, the new Criminal Procedure Code, jury trials, investigation reform in the prosecutor’s office, etc. But this was never to the detriment of materials about the exchange experience and comments on legislation, complex issues of law enforcement practice. Essays on highly acclaimed prosecutors are also regularly published. The magazine has an established team of authors, which includes well-known scientists and passionate law enforcement officers from almost all regions of Russia.

Book-Service" THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PROSECUTORAL SUPERVISION 17 At first glance, the model chosen by the legislator<...>appellate instance in courts of general jurisdiction, I would like to note that the so-called “ideal model

34

Religion of Dmitry Merezhkovsky. “Neo-Christian” doctrine and its artistic embodiment monograph

M.: FLINTA

The monograph is a systematic study of the religious, philosophical and artistic heritage of D.S. Merezhkovsky - one of the brightest “spiritual leaders” of the literary and philosophical process at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. The author analyzes the essence and main components of Merezhkovsky’s “non-Christian” doctrine and, based on the definition of a single “picture of the world” of the writer and thinker, builds a holistic concept of his work. The assessment of the specifics of the original heretical religion of the “Third Testament of the Holy Spirit”, created by Merezhkovsky and the leaders of the so-called “new religious consciousness” in contrast to the traditional Orthodox Christian doctrine, allows us to clearly demonstrate where the “non-traditional” search for God leads. In general, the study contributes to a significant clarification and adjustment of existing ideas about religious and artistic modernism in Russia at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.

Matic models of sexual behavior (hence the researcher’s “hippiusocentrism” is not accidental).<...>serves as material for developing an “ideal model” of the Gnostic system.<...>It is she who marks the “earthly sex” in its standard expression; it is, as it were, the apotheosis of such a sex.<...>norms of ascesis, and he, in turn, as an ideal type of Orthodox saint, was a kind of standard<...>But in this case, the preference in choosing Catholic saints as a standard

35

Additional education of students as a career prospect: from the student bench to the chair of the head of II Interuniversity. seminar on additional problems Education: Sat. scientific articles

The collection publishes scientific articles from an interuniversity seminar on the problems of additional education “Additional education of students as a career prospect: from the student bench to the manager’s chair,” held at the Faculty of Additional Education of the Kazan National Research Technological University in October-December 2012.

3) assessing the effectiveness of the model.<...>; determination of theoretical prerequisites for the development of the model.<...>achieving success over the model of avoiding failure.<...>Personnel management models: research, development, implementation / E.<...>events occurring in society in recent decades are changing stereotypes of femininity and masculinity, standards

36

No. 1 [Problems of social hygiene, health care and history of medicine, 2012]

Founded in 1994. The editor-in-chief of the magazine is Oleg Prokopievich Shchepin - academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, scientific director of the National Research Institute of Public Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The magazine covers theoretical issues of social hygiene, the main directions of formation of public health and medical and social assistance, issues of economics, scientific organization of labor, sanitary statistics, history of medicine and healthcare. Publishes articles on new forms and methods of work of medical and anti-epidemic health care institutions in organizing health care services for urban and rural populations. The journal publishes materials on methods and results of studying the social conditions of life and health of the population. It reflects the state of health care, issues of organization and operation of medical institutions in foreign countries, and contains articles devoted to the design and equipment of medical institutions. The development of medical science and healthcare is widely covered, important historical dates and the activities of scientific societies are noted, information about various conferences and meetings is published.

Copyright OJSC Central Design Bureau BIBKOM & LLC Kniga-Service Agency 4 The most complete implementation of the established model<...>creating and strengthening their national public health institutions using different models<...>Mechanisms based on this model are successfully used to solve a wide range of problems.<...>various sectors of society. Similar models are used independently of each other in different market areas<...>In this case, the health care system is based on a “three-level” model: 1) the individual who needs

37

Organizational behavior: course of lectures

A course of lectures on the academic discipline “Organizational Behavior” is intended for students of the Presidential Management Training Program “Management in Business”. Includes five main topics of lecture classes and a work program for the academic discipline. Can be used by students of the Master of Business Administration - MBA program.

Models of organizational behavior Criteria Authoritarian model Guardianship model Supportive Collegium<...>Models of organization development There are at least ten models of development of organizations created at different times.<...>This model is an evolutionary-teleological model of organizational development, considering the specified<...>Copyright OJSC "CDB "BIBKOM" & LLC "Agency Kniga-Service" Model "7 S" (authors of the 7S model T.J. Pitere<...>What EP models are implemented in the organization where you work? What does the OP model depend on?

38

<...> <...> <...> <...>

39

Cultural initiatives materials 50 All-Russian. with international participation of scientific conf. young researchers (Chelyabinsk, April 5, 2018)

The materials of the 50th All-Russian Scientific Conference of Young Researchers include articles by graduate students, undergraduates, and students, reflecting the current state of problems in the sociocultural sphere.

technology, as an educational business game, allows you to form both activity and behavioral models - standards<...>The concept of “model”, according to E.I.<...>Chekhov, are organized according to different syntactic models: the model of a two-part sentence: “Time went to<...>In cognitive linguistics, the internal form acts as a quasi-stereotype or standard of some situation<...>set, structure and dynamic status of ecological systems, Taganay National Park is a standard

40

The speed, positioning accuracy and energy efficiency of the elevator drive largely depend on the dynamic properties of the elevator drive as a control object, which change in accordance with the degree of its load. To compensate for changes in the dynamic properties of the drive, self-adjusting automatic control systems with a reference model are used. The paper examines various designs of analytical non-search self-tuning systems with a reference model and presents the results of a study of these systems with various reference models. It is shown that the use of an inertia-free optimal reference model makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the execution of a given elevator movement program and its energy efficiency.

model and presents the results of studying these systems with various reference models.<...>On the monitor screen (Fig. 2) it can be seen that the transient process in the reference model and in the object Fig. 1.<...>In Fig. Figure 3 shows another option for constructing a self-adjusting system with a reference model.<...>The reason for the lag is the inertia of the selected reference model.<...>Calculation and design of analytical self-tuning systems with reference models.standard-indicator."<...>In other cases, there are no reference classes, and the ordering is carried out directly according to<...>The following minerals are taken as a standard for each gradation in order of increasing hardness: 1

42

The problem of synthesizing a multi-channel system with self-tuning using a reference model for centralized control of the movement of an autonomous underwater vehicle has been solved. Conditions for the stability of the self-tuning process are obtained, taking into account the dynamic mutual influence and kinematic relationships between all control channels of the device in the presence of parametric nonstationarity of its complete nonlinear mathematical model. To reduce the magnitude of the self-tuning signal, its amplitude is formed as a function of coordinates and master signals. The developed system provides high quality control of the underwater vehicle with significant variations in its parameters.

T. 51, No. 5 UDC 621.865 SELF-ADJUSTING SYSTEM WITH A REFERENCE MODEL FOR CONTROLLING THE MOTION OF A UNDERWATER<...>Key words: control system, autonomous underwater vehicle, reference model, self-tuning.<...>Synthesis of the self-tuning law based on the reference model.<...>are specified in such a way as to ensure the stability of the solution xm(t), and therefore the entire reference model<...>Adaptive control with a reference model under external disturbances // Automation and Technology. 2004. No. 5. P. 77–90. 8.

43

The results of solving the problem of constructing an adaptive control system with a nonlinear reference model for a non-stationary dynamic object with a nonlinear actuator are presented. To analyze the dynamic features of a nonlinear nonstationary control system, the point transformation method is used. The results of analysis and mathematical modeling of the control system under consideration with the adaptation loop turned off are presented.

Trapeznikov RAS, Moscow) FEATURES OF THE DYNAMICS OF AN ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM WITH A NONLINEAR REFERENCE MODEL<...>Key words: control system, dynamic object, control algorithm, reference model, adaptive<...>Introduction Currently, adaptive systems with a reference

Adaptive control of a second-order non-minimal-phase scalar object with provision of specified characteristics of the transient process [Electronic resource] / Kruglov // Scientific Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University. - 2016. - No. 4. - P. 33-53. - Access mode: https: //site/efd/610274

We consider the problem of synthesizing a control system that provides a given transient response of a closed loop, including a scalar non-minimal-phase object of the second order (initially linear and stationary) with a positive zero of its transfer function under conditions of a priori uncertainty about its parameters and external disturbance. The features of the transient characteristics of such an object and its control are considered. The gain, regulation time, degree of overshoot, and the specified level of “failure” of the transient characteristic are used as specified characteristics of the transient process. As an adaptive control method, a scheme with an identifier and an implicit reference model and the use of simplified adaptability conditions are used. In this case, a control law is constructed such that, while changing the above characteristics, it does not change the unstable zero of the transfer function of the object. It is shown that the adaptability conditions are reduced to the convergence of the identification discrepancy of the algorithm that delivers estimates of unknown parameters in the current time. The conditions for convergence of the identification residual in a closed loop control system are given. As a result, achieving adaptability does not require obtaining accurate estimates of unknown parameters, which significantly simplifies the conditions for adaptability and the speed of its achievement. To eliminate the “failure” of the transient characteristic, it is proposed to use “exponential” control of a special type instead of a predetermined step control. It is built based on the scores delivered by the identifier. It is shown that this approach can be used for different cases: when the object is stable or not, stationary or non-stationary with a limited rate of change of parameters, or even a nonlinear object with linear unknown parameters. Other generalizations are obvious. Examples are given

As an adaptive control method, a scheme with an identifier and an implicit reference model is used<...>models; zadu – specified control in the form of step action; m1 m0 m, a a b – standard parameters<...>model (10), and at the end of the transition period - as a standard (4).<...>Let's integrate the first equation (1) and (4) over the interval from 0t to t (initial conditions of the reference model<...>The structure of the control system is quite simple and contains an implicit reference model (4), an algorithm for the current

46

The article discusses the issues of methodology for assessing the level of professionalism of maritime specialists, offers recommendations for forming a portrait of a professional and measures the methodology for assessing the level of professionalism

In this regard, the issue of developing models and algorithms for constructing a standard “professional” is relevant.<...>Model of the “professional” standard.<...>, qualities and their correct interpretation into the standard model of a “professional”.<...>Since the initial data for forming the standard of the “professional” model are expert assessments,<...>This structure allows us to avoid subjectivity and one-sidedness when constructing the standard model of a “professional”

47

ROBUST SYSTEM FOR TRACKING THE REFERENCE SIGNAL OF A LINEAR DYNAMIC OBJECT WITH DISTRIBUTED DELAY [Electronic resource] / Imangazieva // Bulletin of the Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer technology and information science.- 2015.- No. 4.- P. 8-14.- Access mode: https://site/efd/504803

A robust plant control system is proposed, the dynamic processes in which are described by a linear equation with distributed delay. Additionally, a control algorithm for objects with a state delay, proposed by the author earlier, is considered with the aim of using it in the development of a robust control system with a distributed delay. To solve the problem of tracking the reference signal, specially selected auxiliary circuits and variable observers are used, which makes it possible to ensure the fulfillment of the control goal with a given dynamic accuracy. A numerical example of a tracking system for a reference signal of a linear object with a distributed delay under disturbance conditions is given, and modeling is carried out in Simulink Matlab. The simulation results confirmed the theoretical conclusions and showed the performance of the proposed control system under conditions of constantly operating external and parametric disturbances. Mathematical models that include distributed delay are used in such fields of science as biology, neuroscience, physics, and economics. Taking into account the distributed delay makes it possible to make the models of these systems correspond to reality, which determines the relevance of the result obtained

To solve the problem of tracking the reference signal, specially selected auxiliary<...>model for a linear dynamic object with distributed delay.<...>The required quality of transient processes in the object is specified by the equation of the reference model 0 () () ()<...>models<...>Transient processes by tracking error)(te, outputs of the control object)(ty and reference model )(tym

48

The problem of constructing a robust controller for a control system for a non-affine input a priori uncertain non-stationary dynamic object is considered. Using simulation modeling, the quality of operation of the constructed control system is illustrated

The desired dynamics of the object (1)–(4) are determined similarly using an explicit reference model of the form<...>(analogue of the main reference model), which in Laplace images will be written in the form yM (s) = L T<...>models).<...>model having main and auxiliary outputs.<...>Robust control system for an affine object in a scheme with two reference models // Informatics and aircraft systems and according to the MMANA program for the reference model.<...>the resistance from the reference model is minimal.<...>, from the values ​​of the reference model does not exceed 7%.

50

Methodological basis for the analysis and certification of maturity levels of software project processes in conditions of vagueness [monograph]

M.: Hotline – Telecom

The methodological foundations for the analysis and certification of maturity levels of software project processes are outlined, including a modern approach to the construction of a modern methodology for certifying software project processes in conditions of unclear initial data. A model and algorithms are proposed for solving semi-structured problems related to determining the maturity level of software project processes under conditions of vagueness. Models of the process of assessing process risks based on a qualitative presentation of expert data on the characteristics of the analyzed process are considered, and algorithms for fuzzy assessment of process risks based on the construction of a fuzzy knowledge base formed through the application of the provisions of the theory of fuzzy identification and fuzzy logic are presented.

ratings included in the reference model.<...>Structure of the reference model 1.4.1.<...>Purpose of the reference model The reference model, according to the concept of the proposed approach, is necessary and intended<...>Structure of the reference process model To construct a detailed structure of the reference process model, it is proposed<...>Reference model of project life cycle processes Reference model of software life cycle processes

Methodological materials on organizational, methodological, psychological and pedagogical support for professional growth, self-realization of teachers and the formation of key competencies, the competency profile of a teaching worker were developed by the regional scientific and methodological center for expert assessment of pedagogical activities of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the Moscow Region "Academy of Social Management"

The text is provided for reference.
Developed at the regional scientific and methodological center for expert assessment of teaching activities, the reference model of teacher competencies, due to its characteristics, is a normative, predictive model, aimed at results, therefore it underlies the control and measurement materials used during certification, defining their goals, objectives and content .

We present a reference model of teacher competencies in graphical and descriptive form.

Figure 1- Reference model of key competencies of a teaching worker

Reference model of pedagogical worker competencies(Figure 1) is an ideal, verbalized, i.e. encoded with natural language signs, model of a teacher, which represents an ideal image, a standard of a specialist, meeting all the requirements for teaching staff when certifying for the first and highest qualification categories. 30, 31 of the Procedure for the certification of teaching staff of state and municipal educational institutions, the requirements set out in the unified qualification reference book for positions of managers, specialists and employees (appendix to the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated August 26, 2010 No. 761 n), and professional standards.

When designing a reference model of teacher competencies, we relied on the author’s developments, various scientific schools, in particular, we used domestic research by I.A. Zimnyaya, N.V. Kuzmina, A.K. Markova, and foreign studies of the Council of Europe.

Core Competency We consider it as an integral characteristic of a teacher, allowing him to freely navigate the social and professional space, perform professional activities efficiently and effectively, solve standard and non-standard professional and pedagogical tasks, and be a socially adapted person, capable of constant personal and professional self-development.

The scope of competence is competency profiles as components of its knowledge, skills and attitudes that meaningfully determine competence.

Figure 2- Special and professional competence

Special and professional competence (Figure 2), i.e., mastery of professional activity itself at a fairly high level, the ability to plan one’s further professional development.

understanding the purpose and mission of the profession;

mastery of professional standards, high efficiency;

achieving high results and their stability; professional excellence;

professional consciousness (awareness of the maximum number of signs of professional activity: content, means, results of work);

professional thinking, professional intuition, independence in solving professional problems;

optimal psychological price of the result, absence of fatigue and overload.

Within special and professional competence the following stand out competency profiles :

1. Subject competence , i.e. depth, systematic knowledge on the subject and its application in teaching practice; ability to implement curriculum of basic and elective courses in various educational organizations.

2. Organizational and methodological competence , i.e., readiness to use modern educational methods and technologies, including information technologies, to ensure the quality of the educational process; activities, actions, techniques, skills, ways of working, techniques used in a given profession to successfully achieve results; ability to organize educational activities of students (pupils).

3. Diagnostic competence , i.e., possession of psychological and pedagogical knowledge, psychological and pedagogical actions, methods, techniques, skills, techniques, technologies; the ability to apply modern methods of diagnosing the achievements of students and pupils; provide pedagogical support for the processes of socialization and professional self-determination of students, preparing them for a conscious choice of profession.

4. Analytical and evaluation competencies , i.e., the ability to analyze and evaluate the formation of universal educational actions, mental operations of students, taking into account their individual characteristics and capabilities, both in qualitative and quantitative indicators (scores in the rating, categories, etc.); apply methods of mathematical and statistical information processing; participate in professional tests, the result of which is a differentiated (qualitative and quantitative) assessment of professionalism.

5. Prognostic competence , i.e. the ability to determine growth prospects, zones of proximal development for one’s students and one’s own professional development; realize the potential capabilities of schoolchildren and your own; awareness of development prospects and possibilities for their implementation (prognostic criteria); self-design, self-experimentation; building your own professional growth strategy, constructing and implementing a scenario for your professional life; consistency between the motivational and operational aspects of activity.

6. Research competence , i.e., the ability to apply methods of theoretical and experimental research; plan, organize, conduct and analyze a pedagogical experiment on the introduction of innovations; ability to analyze and synthesize; research skills; the ability to generate new ideas (creativity); demonstrate an understanding of the quality of research relevant to the discipline; demonstrate an understanding of experimental testing of scientific theories.

Figure 3 -

Communication competence(Figure 3) - competence of social interaction as the ability to establish mutual understanding adequate to situations, avoid conflicts, and create a climate of trust; identifying oneself as a member of a professional community; knowledge of the norms of professional communication, ethical standards of the profession; the orientation of professional results for the benefit of other people, their spiritual enrichment with the means of their profession; ability to cooperate, make contacts, easy compatibility; competitiveness, the ability to arouse interest in society in the results of one’s professional activities.

Communication competence manifests itself in the followingcompetency profiles :

1. Social-communicative competence , i.e., the ability to find verbal and non-verbal means and methods of forming and formulating a thought in an adequate way for interaction situations during its generation and perception; the ability to use public speaking skills, including in the field of broadcasting one’s own experience (the ability to broadcast one’s own positive experience to the teaching community: articles, speeches, participation in competitions; the ability to conduct discussions, polemics; readiness to interact with colleagues).

2. Organizational and communicative competence , i.e. the ability to organize productive communication and cooperation among schoolchildren; the ability to conduct educational classes in the form of dialogues, polemics, debates, discussions, exchange of opinions, scientific disputes, etc.

Figure 4- Information competence

Information competence(Figure 4) is associated with knowledge of information technology:

• receiving, processing, issuing information; transformation of information (reading, note-taking);
• mass media, multimedia technologies, computer literacy;
• mastery of electronic and Internet technology.

Information competence is manifested in the following profiles:

1. Information retrieval competence , i.e. the ability to find the necessary information from various sources.

2. Information and analytical competence , i.e. skills to analyze and manage information; willingness to use basic methods, methods and means of obtaining, storing, and processing information; willingness to work with a computer as a means of information management; ability to work with information in global computer networks.

3. Information technology competence , i.e. the ability to use, reproduce, improve means and methods of obtaining and reproducing information in printed and electronic form; knowledge of basic application programs and ability to use them; computer skills.

Figure 5- Personal competence

Personal competence, i.e., stable professional motivation, the presence of a positive self-concept, a creative attitude, conscious professional creativity, changing oneself through the means of the profession; individuality in professional work; openness to continuous professional learning, accumulation of experience, change; mastery of techniques for self-realization and individual development within the profession, readiness for professional growth, ability for individual self-preservation; self-development of professional abilities; strong goal setting; professional training; reliance on past professional experience, continuity; increasing individualization and relative autonomy with professional growth.

Profiles personal competence:

1. Competence of self-development and self-expression - sustainable motivation, goal-setting ability, professional abilities, professional learning ability, self-presentation, positive emotions; ability and readiness for lifelong education, mastery of methods of personal self-expression and self-development, means of countering professional deformations of the individual.

2. Reflective competence - a system-forming component of professional pedagogical activity and a personality quality that allows for the most effective and adequate reflection, which ensures development and self-development, promotes a creative approach in educational and professional activities, achieving their maximum efficiency and effectiveness; acmeological phenomenon that contributes to achieving the highest results in activities; professional and personal qualities of a teacher, his readiness and ability for reflective activity using knowledge, skills, professional and life experience; ability for self-analysis and self-esteem.

The reference model architecture artificially includes two dimensions:

process measurement, which characterizes the results of the process, which are the essential measurable goals of the process;

process capability measurement, which characterizes a set of process attributes that apply to any process and represent measurable characteristics that are necessary to control the process and improve the ability of its execution.

The reference model groups processes, in process measurement, into three life cycle process groups, which contain five process categories according to the type of activity it addresses.

Initial life cycle processes consist of categories of supplier-customer and engineering processes.

Process category supplier - customer consists of processes that are directly affected by the customer, development of support and transfer of software to the customer, and provide for the correct functioning and use of the software product and/or services.

Engineering process category consists of processes that directly define, implement or support a software product, its relationship to the system and its consumer (customer) documentation.

Supporting life cycle processes consist of support process categories.

Organizational life cycle processes consist of categories of management and organization processes.

Management process category consists of processes that contain methods of a general nature that can be used by anyone managing any type of project or process within the software life cycle.

Organization process category consists of processes that establish the organization's business goals and develop (develop) process, product and active resources that, when used by projects in the organization, will help the organization achieve its business goals.

Process categories and processes provide groupings of activity types. Each process in the reference model is described in terms of a goal statement. These statements include the unique functional goals of a process that are validated in a specific environment. The goal statement includes additional material that defines the outputs of successful implementation of the process. Alignment with process purpose represents the first step in developing process capability.

The reference model does not specify how, or in what order, the elements of the process goal statements should be achieved. Process objectives will be achieved in an organization through various lower level activities, tasks and techniques performed to produce a work product. These performed tasks, activities and techniques, as well as the characteristics of the work products produced, are indicators that demonstrate whether the goal of a particular process has been achieved.

Process capability development is characterized in terms of process attributes grouped into capability levels. Process attributes are attributes of a process that can be rated on an achievement scale, providing a measure of the process's capability. Attributes apply to all processes. Each process attribute describes an aspect of the overall ability to control and improve the effectiveness of the process in achieving its objectives and contributing to the organization's business goals.

A capability level is characterized by a set of attributes that work together. Each level provides a major enhancement to the ability to execute a process. The levels constitute a rational path of development through improving the capabilities of any process.

There are six levels of capability in the reference model.

Level 0: Unfinished. General failure to achieve process goals. There are not easily identified work products or process outputs.

Level 1: Executable. The goal of the process has, in general, been achieved. Achievement cannot be strictly planned and monitored. The organization's personnel are aware that the process must be followed, and there is general agreement that the process is carried out as required and when required. There are certain work products of the process, and they provide evidence in favor of achieving the goal.

Level 2: Managed. The process produces work products according to defined procedures, is planned and monitored. Work products comply with specific standards and requirements. The main difference from Running level is that when executing the process, work products are now produced that fully meet the quality requirements within a certain period of time and allocated resources.

Level 3: Installed. The process is executed and managed using a defined process based on good software engineering principles. Individual process implementations use process documenting, validated, customized versions of the standard in achieving the outputs of a specific process. The resources needed to establish the process definition are also in place. Main difference from Managed level is that the process Set level uses a specific process that is capable of achieving its outputs.

Level 4: Predictable. A defined process, in practice, is consistently carried out within certain constraints and achieves certain goals. Detailed process performance measures are collected and analyzed. This leads to a quantitative understanding of process capability and an improved ability to predict performance. The execution of the process is objectively controlled. The quality of work products is quantitatively known. Main difference from Set level is that a certain process is now carried out sequentially within certain constraints in order to achieve its certain outputs.

Level 5: Optimizing. Process execution is optimized to meet current and future business needs. The process achieves repeatability when certain business goals are achieved. Quantitative process effectiveness and performance targets for execution are established, based on the organization's business goals. A continuous process monitoring these goals allows for quantitative feedback and improvement is achieved by analyzing the results. Main difference from Predictable level is that defined and standard processes are now dynamically changed and adapted to effectively achieve current and future business goals.

Naturally, the reference model cannot be used as a basis for making reliable and consistent process capability assessments because the level of detail is not sufficient. The descriptions of the process goal and capability attributes in the reference model need to be supported by a comprehensive set of process performance and capability metrics. In this way, a consistent rating of process capability will be possible.

Process measurement

This subsection provides a classification of processes adopted in organizations involved in the development, operation, acquisition, delivery and support of software. The classification recognizes five process categories that contain all processes. The categories and their processes are comparable to those defined in the draft standard ISO/IEC 12207, Information technology – Software process life cycle, which we discussed in Section 2.

As noted above, the reference model groups processes into three groups and five process categories:

initial life cycle processes include engineering process and supplier-customer categories;

supporting life cycle processes include support process categories;

organizational life cycle processes include management and organization process categories.

Individual processes are described in terms of six components.

Process ID. Identifies a category and a sequence number within that category. The numbering scheme differs between top-level processes and second-level processes. The identifier consists of two parts: a category abbreviation (for example, ENG for the engineering process category) and a number (for example, CUS. 1 denotes the Acquisition Process and CUS. 1.2 denotes the second level process, Supplier Selection Process, which is a component process of the Acquisition Process ).

Process name. A descriptive phrase that highlights a fundamental feature of a process (for example, Supplier Selection).

Process type. There are 3 types of top-level processes (basic, extended, new) and 2 second-level processes (component, extended), which are related to ISO/IEC 12207 processes as follows. New processes are additional to those defined in ISO/IEC 12207. Basic processes are identical in purpose to ISO/IEC 12207 processes. Extended processes are complementary to an existing ISO/IEC 12207 process. Component processes group one or more ISO/IEC 12207 activities from the same process. Extended component processes group one or more ISO/IEC 12207 activities from the same process and include additional material.

Purpose of the process. Material that specifies the purpose of a process, establishing the overall goals for the execution of the process at the top level. Optional additional material may be included to further define the purpose statement.

Process results. List of descriptions of process results.

Process notes. An optional list of informative notes about a process and its relationship to other processes.

As an example, here are several processes from each process category.

CUS.1 Acquisition Process

Basic process

Target Acquisition Process is to obtain a product and/or service that satisfies a need expressed by the customer (client). The process begins with defining the customer's need and desired results with the acceptance of the product and/or service required by the customer. As a result of successful implementation of the process:

A contract will be developed that clearly expresses the expectations, responsibilities and obligations of both the customer and the supplier;

A product and/or service will be produced that satisfies an identified customer need;

The acquisition will be verified so that certain constraints such as cost, design and quality are met.

CUS.1.1 Acquisition Preparation Process

Component Process CUS.1 – Acquisition Process

Target Acquisition Preparation Process is to establish the needs and objectives of the acquisition. As a result of successful implementation of the process:

The need to acquire, develop or expand a system, software product or software development process will be identified;

System requirements will be formulated;

An acquisition strategy will be developed;

Acceptance criteria will be defined.

ENG.1 Development Process

Basic process

Target Development process is to transform an agreed upon set of requirements into a functional software product or software system that satisfies the customer's stated needs. As a result of successful implementation of the process:

A software product or software system will be developed;

Intermediate work products will be developed, which shows that the final product is based on the agreed requirements;

Consistency between software requirements and software designs will be established;

Test data will show that the final product meets the agreed requirements;

The final product will be installed in the target environment and accepted by customers.

NOTE: Agreed requirements can be provided by an operation of the Acquisition Process (CUS. 1) or the Establishment of Requirements Process (CUS. 3).

ENG.1.1 System Requirements Development and Analysis Process

Component Process ENG.1 – Development Process

The purpose of the System Requirements Development and Analysis Process is to establish system requirements (functional and non-functional) and architecture, identifying which system requirements should be allocated to which system elements and in which version. As a result of successful implementation of the process:

System requirements will be developed that meet the stated needs of the customer;

A solution will be proposed identifying the main elements of the system;

The agreed upon requirements will be allocated to each of the major elements of the system;

A release strategy will be developed to prioritize system requirements;

System requirements will be approved and modified as required;

The requirements, proposed solution and their relationships will be communicated to all interested parties.

SUP.1 Documentation Process

Advanced Process

Target Documentation Development Process is to develop and maintain documents that record the information produced by a process or activity. As a result of successful implementation of the process:

A strategy will be developed that identifies the documents that will be produced during the life cycle of the software product;

The standards that should be referred to for the development of documents will be determined;

All documents that will be produced by a process or project will be identified;

All documents will be developed and published in accordance with certain standards;

All documents will be maintained according to certain criteria.

NOTE - The process supports execution of process attribute 2.2 in those examples where it is introduced.

MAN.1.1 Project Management Process

Component process MAN.1 – Management process

Target Project Management Process is to identify, establish, coordinate and control the activities, tasks and resources needed for a product and/or service project to meet agreed upon requirements. As a result of successful implementation of the process:

The scope of the project will be defined;

The feasibility of achieving project objectives with available resources and constraints will be assessed;

The tasks and resources required to complete the work will be measured and estimated;

Interfaces between project elements and other projects and organizational modules will be identified and verified;

Project execution plans will be developed and implemented;

Project progress will be reviewed and reported;

Actions to correct deviations from the plan and prevent recurrence of problems identified in the project will be taken when project objectives are not achieved.

NOTE - This process supports execution of process attribute 2.1 in those examples where it is introduced.

ORG.2 Improvement Process

Basic Process

Process Improvement is a process for establishing, assessing, measuring, managing and improving the software life cycle process. As a result of successful implementation of this process:

A set of organizational process assets will be developed and made available;

The organization's process capability will be periodically assessed to determine the extent to which the process implementation is effective in achieving the organization's objectives;

Measuring Opportunity

The reference model capability measurement defines a measurement scale for assessing the process capability of any process. Process capability is measured on a six-point ordinal scale that allows capability to be assessed from the bottom of the scale, the incomplete level, to the top end of the scale, the optimizing level. The scale measures the improvement of a process's capability from efficiency that is not capable of achieving defined results to efficiency that is capable of achieving business goals and supporting continuous process improvement. Therefore, the scale defines a clear improvement path for each individual process.

Within the capability model, the measure of capability is based on a set of nine process attributes (PAs) (see Table 4.1). Process attributes are used to determine whether a process has achieved a given capability. Each attribute measures a specific aspect of a process's capability. The attributes are themselves measured on a percentage scale and therefore provide a more detailed understanding of specific aspects of the process capability required to support process improvement and capability determination.

For example, let's give one of the attributes of the third level of capability.

AP 3.1 Attribute definition and process transformation

The extent to which a process is executed as a transformed instance of a standard process definition. A standard process meets certain business goals of the organization. The transformation is performed to suit the specific purposes of the process instance. As a result of fully achieving this attribute:

The process documentation, together with appropriate guidance for tailoring the standard process documentation, will be determined to provide the normal scope of the process and the functional and non-functional requirements for the work product;

Execution of the process will be carried out in accordance with the selected and/or adapted standard process documentation;

Historical process execution data will be collected, firstly, to establish and improve understanding of process behavior, secondly, to assess the needs of the process execution resource;

Experiences from using process documentation will be used to improve the standard process.

Table 4.1.

A process attribute represents a measurable characteristic of any process as defined above.

N Not reached:

0% - 15% - There is little or no evidence of achievement of a particular attribute.

P Partially achieved:

16% - 50% - there is evidence of a reliable systematic method for achieving a specific attribute. Some aspects of achievement may be unpredictable.

L Largely achieved:

51% - 85% - there is evidence of a reliable systematic method for significantly achieving a specific attribute. Process execution may change in some areas.

F Fully achieved:

86% - 100% - there is evidence of a complete and systematic method to fully achieve a specific attribute. No significant deficiencies exist within a specific part of the organization.

Each process attribute assessed in any part of the organization, including the highest capability level defined in the assessment area, must be consistent with the rating using the attribute scale defined above. A set of attribute ratings for a process forms a profile for that process. The evaluation output includes a set of profiles for all evaluated processes.

The identifier used must provide objective evidence of use to determine the rating to be retrieved. Ratings may be presented in any format, such as a matrix or as part of a database, provided that the presentation allows individual ratings to be identified according to this reference scheme.

The capability level achieved by a process must be derived from the attribute rating for that process, according to the process capability level model defined in Table 4.2. The purpose of this requirement is to ensure consistent values ​​when a process capability level is referenced for a process.

Below are tables containing summary lists of the processes that are included in the reference model (Table 4.3) and the correspondence between the processes of the reference model and the processes defined in the draft standard ISO/IEC 12207 (Table 4.4).

Table 4.2

Table 4.3.