Keyboard shortcut commands. Complete list of Windows hotkeys

Guys, we put our soul into the site. Thank you for that
that you are discovering this beauty. Thanks for the inspiration and goosebumps.
Join us on Facebook And VKontakte

The Win button, which can be found on the keyboard of PC-compatible computers, serves not only to open the Start menu. Using it in combination with other keys simplifies your computer work and saves a lot of time.

website I have compiled a list of features of this button that will surely be useful to every Windows user.

⊞Win- open/close the Start menu, in Windows 8.1 - open the previous window;
⊞ Win + A- open Notification Center (in Windows 10);
⊞ Win + B- select the first icon in the notification area (then you can switch between icons using the arrow keys);
⊞ Win + Ctrl + B- switch to a program that displays a message in the notification area;
⊞ Win + C- show the “Charm Bar” sidebar (in Windows 8 and 8.1), in Windows 10 - call Cortana (when using a supported language);
⊞ Win + D- show desktop (instantly minimize all open windows);
⊞ Win + E- open “Explorer”; in Windows 10, it opens the “Quick Access Toolbar” by default;
⊞ Win + F- open “File Search”;
⊞ Win + Ctrl + F- open “Search for computers”;
⊞ Win + G- show gadgets on top of all windows (only in Windows 7 and Vista); Open Game Bar in Windows 10;
⊞ Win + K- open a new Start menu - “Connections” (in Windows 8 and 8.1);
⊞ Win + L- change the user or block the workstation;
⊞ Win + M- minimize all windows;
⊞ Win + ⇧ Shift + M- restore windows after minimizing;
⊞ Win + O- disable screen rotation (disable reaction to the gyroscope on tablets);
⊞ Win + P- switch operating modes with an external monitor/projector (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + Q- open the search bar for installed programs (tested in Windows 8);
⊞ Win + R- open the “Run” window;
⊞ Win + T- switch focus to the taskbar (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + U- open the Accessibility Center;
⊞ Win + W- open Windows Ink Workspace (notes, screenshot);
⊞ Win + X- open the Windows Mobile Application Center (only for mobile computers in Windows Vista and 7);
⊞ Win + Y- open Yahoo! Messenger (if installed).

⊞ Win + Pause- open system properties;
⊞ Win + F1- open Windows Help and Support Center;
⊞ Win + 1 ... 0- launch/switch to the program pinned to the taskbar with the specified serial number (only in Windows Vista and later);
⊞ Win + ⇧ Shift + 1 ... 0- launch a new instance of the program pinned to the taskbar with the specified serial number (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + Ctrl + 1 ... 0- switch to the last active program window pinned to the taskbar with the specified serial number (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + Alt +1 ... 0- open the jump list for the program pinned to the taskbar with the specified sequence number (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win +- maximize the window (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + ↓- restore/minimize the window (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + ← or →- switch the window expansion mode (including between monitors in multi-monitor configurations) (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + ⇧ Shift + ← or →- move a window between monitors in multi-monitor configurations (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + ⇧ Shift + or ↓- stretch the active window from the top to the bottom edges of the screen / restore the window size;
⊞ Win + Home- minimize/restore all unminimized windows except the active one (Windows 7 only), go to the top of the web page;
⊞ Win + Space- look at the desktop (Windows 7 only) / change layout (Windows 8 and 10 only);
⊞ Win + +- activate screen magnifier / enlarge the image by 100% (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + -- with Magnifier active, reduce the image by 100% (only in Windows 7 and later);
⊞ Win + Esc- disable Magnifier (only in Windows 7 and later).

OS X keyboard

Command + Up Arrow- instantly scroll up any web page.
Command + Down Arrow- instantly scroll down any web page.
Command + 1 (2, 3). Use these keys to conveniently switch between any open tabs in your browser. Command + 1 will take you to the first tab, Command + 2 will take you to the second, etc.
Option + Delete- will remove words one at a time, rather than one letter at a time. This works on all OS X, whether you're typing in TextEdit or even typing a website into your browser's URL bar.
Command+H- quickly hide all open windows from the currently active application.
Command + Shift + T- instantly open the last closed tab in your browser.
Option + Shift + Volume Up / Volume Down- Increase or decrease volume in much smaller increments.

Ctrl + Command + Space- displays a keyboard with symbols and emoji.

This article will talk about well-known, interesting, necessary and useful key combinations on the keyboard, which many people probably do not know. However, if you get used to using them, you can save a lot of time as a result. And since time is money, and computers are our everything, this article is a must-read and understandable for everyone!

1. Magnifying glass (magnification)

Win + +/-

What does an activated magnifying glass look like in lens mode (there is also a full-screen mode, then the entire screen will be a magnifying glass)

When vision is poor, and you need to look at part of the screen, you can greatly enlarge it and view the screen as if through a magnifying glass.

2. Increased contrast

Shift + Alt + Print Screen

Folder view in high contrast mode

This combination enables or disables High Contrast mode

3. Flip (rotate) the screen in any direction

Ctrl + Alt + arrows (up/down/left/right)

Inverted screen view

The arrows will flip the screen in the direction indicated. This function will be useful on laptops, when, for example, you need to see how something looks in height, or if you need to turn the laptop over. This is how designers rotate the screen to see more. Or you can joke with your friends. In general, you can figure out how to apply this interesting feature yourself.

This trick does not work everywhere (depending on the video card).

4. Quickly switch between windows

Alt+Tab

When you switch, you will see a side view of all open windows. The appearance may vary depending on the version of Windows. The picture shows Window 10.

When many windows are open, it is often convenient to switch between them not with the mouse, but with the keyboard using Alt + Tab. To select the desired window, do not release ALT and press TAB.

However, with a large number of windows this is not always convenient. However, when you work with two windows that you need to switch between frequently, this combination will be indispensable. One way or another, every modern person should know and have the habit of using this combination.

Alt+Esc similar to Alt+Tab, but switches windows in the order in which the windows were opened.

By the way, such a switch can be caused using the combination Win + Tab.

5. Quickly delete a file (bypass the trash)

Shift + Del

Windows always asks you to confirm deleting a file, and sooner or later this confirmation window becomes annoying. This combination will delete the selected file immediately without confirmation.

By the way, you can disable confirmations in the cart settings. To do this, right-click on the Recycle Bin (on your desktop), click on Settings and uncheck the box next to “Show confirmation window”.

Disable file deletion confirmation

6. Quickly go to the desktop (minimize all windows)

Pressing this combination again will return all previously open windows as if you had never minimized anything.

By the way, you can get to the desktop by clicking the implicit button at the end of the toolbar (next to the clock).

Another option to minimize all windows is to grab any window by the top with the mouse and shake it (left right left right). This will close all active windows, except the window you grabbed... This thing is called Aero Shake, which can also be done using a keyboard shortcut Win+Home.

7. Quickly exit your profile (account)

This combination will only be useful if you have a password set on your profile. By clicking it, you can quickly exit your profile without turning off your computer, thereby blocking access to it. You will be able to log into your profile again only after entering your password. In this case, everything in your profile will remain exactly as it was before you logged out, including all open application windows and so on (as if you never logged out).

8. Minimizing, maximizing, moving windows

Win + up/down— expands/collapses the current window to fill the entire screen (if it can be expanded). These combinations are similar to clicking on the middle window button.

Win + left/right— will place the window exactly on the left or right half of the screen.

Working in two windows at the same time

Win + Shift + left/right— will move the window to the adjacent monitor (when 2 or more monitors are used).

9. Other interesting and useful combinations

Win + B - activates system tray switching. May be useful if the mouse suddenly stops working.

Ctrl + Shift + N- quick creation of a new folder in the current directory.

Win+Pause/Break- opens the system window (basic data of your Windows). It will be useful when you need to see the computer name or system information.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc - Task Manager, the same as the Ctrl+Alt+Del combination in earlier versions of Windows.

Shift + F10 - opens the context menu of a file or folder. The same as pressing the right mouse button. However, in this case we will see underlines under the letters and when we press the corresponding letter on the keyboard, the desired menu item will be selected. Well, or you can simply go to the desired menu item using the arrows and press enter.

Context menu

Alt+Enter- opens the properties of a folder or file. There you can see the size, creation date, etc.

10. Meaning of function keys (F1 F2 F3 F4 ...)

Every keyboard has function keys, but not every one of us knows the purpose of these keys, and yet half of them are assigned common tasks:

F1- call for help (help).
F2*- editing. Renaming a file or folder.
F3*- search. Allows you to search for required files and folders. If the search is open, it focuses on the search string. In programs, enables or starts a search.
F4- exit. Closing.
F5*- page update.
F6- button to switch between viewing modes.
F7- no specific function (depends on the application).
F8- if pressed while Windows is loading, allows you to select the boot mode. In other cases it depends on the application.
F9- to enter the boot menu on some motherboard models. This menu allows you to specify the hard drive from which the computer should boot. Typically, changing the parameters of this menu is necessary when installing Windows.
F10- most often this is calling or closing the program menu.
F11*- most often this is switching to full screen mode and back.
F12- no strict function. Depends on the program. Often used to open the program menu. In Word, this key is used to save an open document.

Video on the topic

A complete list of all keyboard shortcuts for any version of Windows.

I highly recommend getting used to using keyboard shortcuts - they save a lot of time, I’ve tested it from personal experience.

There are many lists of hotkeys: for Windows 7, Windows 8, Mac, for Photoshop, for Word, AutoCAD, etc.

But not all PC users use them.

Why do we need hotkeys if there are? Anything can happen: a mouse may break, or a wireless mouse may run out of battery.

Sometimes problems arise with the software when connecting a new mouse, but the old one has already died. And the touchpad can fail, and some people simply don’t know how to handle it correctly, having gotten used to clicking with the mouse.

When you need to do something urgently, and the mouse is useless, knowledge of keyboard shortcuts can come in very handy. In addition, using them, you can significantly increase productivity when working on a computer.

Here are the ten most used combinations that you can also successfully use:

1 . Many people probably know these combinations. Hotkeys Copy:

Ctrl+C or

They are needed to copy a selected piece of text as follows:

First, select the text (or picture, table).

Then press the Ctrl key and, without releasing it, simultaneously press the key with the letter C (in short it is written like this: Ctrl + C).

We release the keys, now the selected fragment is copied to the clipboard (into the computer's RAM).

The Copy procedure does not appear externally on the computer screen. To “get” from the computer memory what we placed there using the Copy hotkeys:

you need to place the cursor in the place where you want to place the copied fragment, and

Press the hotkeys Paste: Ctrl + V.

What keyboard shortcut can you use to copy text or objects to the clipboard?

For this there are hotkeys Copy: Ctrl + C and Paste: Ctrl + V. They can be called a sweet couple. They are most often used in one combination, that is, first they copy the selected fragment using Ctrl + C, then immediately paste it using the Ctrl + V keys.

Another sweet pair you can use to Copy Paste is Ctrl + Insert and Shift + Insert. Here, as they say, it's a matter of taste.

2. Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert – hotkeys Insert text or object copied to the clipboard.

3. Ctrl + Z And Ctrl+Y– hot keys Cancel.

Using these commands, you can undo any changes, for example, if you accidentally cut or deleted text.

To undo the last few changes, you need to press one of these combinations (Ctrl + Z, or Ctrl + Y) several times.

Ctrl + X – hotkeys Cut

This combination allows you to cut out what you need and at the same time put it on the clipboard. Then you can paste the cut into the desired place.

4. Ctrl + F– hot keys Search.

A very useful “couple” of keys that opens the search bar in almost any program or browser.

Sometimes Ctrl + F is also called the Find hotkey.

5. Alt + Tab– hot keys switch windows.

Convenient for quickly switching between windows of open programs. If this is new to you, just try it. There is a chance that you will prefer this method to your usual mouse.

If you add Shift to these combinations (you get Shift+ Alt+ Tab), you will move in the opposite direction, that is, you can return to the program in which you were in the previous step.

Ctrl+Tab– hotkeys for switching tabs. With their help, you can quickly navigate between tabs in

6. Ctrl + Backspace– hot keys Delete. They will save a lot of time if you need to quickly delete a word while typing. These keyboard shortcuts do not work in Notepad, but they work fine in Word.

We type a word and then, if the word needs to be deleted, just press Ctrl + Backspace. In this case, the entire word is immediately deleted.

7. Ctrl + S– hot keys Save. They are used to quickly save a file in many programs. Use it if you are working on something important, for example when your laptop battery runs out.

8. Crtl + Home or Crtl+End moves the cursor to the beginning or end of document respectively.

Page navigation keys Page Up(up) and Page Down(down) can replace scrollbar.

9. Crtl + P– hot keys Seal.

Used to open a preview window of the current page in a browser or to call a document print window in text editors.

F1 - calls up Windows Help or the help window of the active program. In Microsoft Word, the Shift+F1 key combination shows text formatting;
F2- renames the selected object on the desktop or in the Explorer window;
F3- opens a search window for a file or folder on the desktop and in Explorer. The Shift+F3 key combination is often used to search backwards;
F4- opens a drop-down list, such as the address bar list in the My Computer window or in Explorer. Keyboard shortcuts Alt+F4 in Windows is used to close applications, and Ctrl+F4− is used to close part of a document or program (for example, tabs) ;
F5 - refreshes the active window of an open web page, desktop, explorer, and so on. In Microsoft PowerPoint, F5 starts the slide show from the beginning, and the key combination Shift+F5− starts from the current slide;
F6 - switch between screen elements in a window or on the desktop. In Explorer and Internet Explorer - move between the main part of the window and the address bar;
F7- checks spelling (in Word, Excel);
F8 - when loading the operating system, selects the boot mode.
In the Word editor, enables advanced text selection.
Selecting a fragment from the initial to the final cursor position occurs without holding down the Shift key.
Pressing F8 again highlights the word closest to the cursor.
The third is a sentence containing it.
The fourth is a paragraph. Fifth - document.
You can remove the last selection by pressing the key combination Shift+F8.
You can disable the mode using the Esc key;

F9 - in some programs updates selected fields;
F10- activates the full menu, and the key combination Shift+F10 activates the context menu;
F11 - switches the window to full screen mode and back, for example, in Internet Explorer;
F12 - go to selecting file saving options
(File -> Save As).

On a standard PC/AT keyboard, the alphanumeric block consists of 47 keys and includes keys for entering letters, numbers, punctuation, arithmetic, and special characters. The effect of these keys depends on the case (lower - upper) in which these keys are pressed.

The control keys Shift, Ctrl, Caps Lock, Alt and AltGr (right Alt) are also called modifier keys, since they are designed to change the actions of other keys.
Shift (read “Shift”) is an uppercase key (non-fixed switching). Used in conjunction with other keys, such as the alphanumeric block keys for typing capital letters and uppercase characters.
Additionally, the Shift key is used as a modifier in keyboard shortcuts and mouse clicks. For example, to open a link in a separate window in a browser, you need to click on the link with the mouse button,
while holding down the Shift key.

Ctrl (read “control”) - used in combination with other keys, for example:
Ctrl+A- on Windows selects all text in the window;
Ctrl+B- in the MS Word editor switches the font to “bold-normal”;
Ctrl+C- in programs with WinAPI copies text to the buffer, and in console programs it ends the command;
Ctrl+F- in many programs opens a search dialog;
Ctrl+I- in the MS Word editor switches the font to “italic-normal”;
Ctrl+N- in programs with a multi-window interface opens a new empty window;
Ctrl+O- in many programs opens a dialog for opening an existing file;
Ctrl+P - in many programs, sends text to print or opens a print dialog;
Ctrl+Q - in some programs exit it;
Ctrl+R- in browsers refreshes the contents of the window;
Ctrl+S - in many programs saves the current file
or calls a save dialog;
Ctrl+T- in browsers opens a new tab;
Ctrl+U- in the MS Word editor toggles text underlining;
Ctrl+V- in programs with WinAPI pastes the contents of the clipboard;
Ctrl+W- in some programs closes the current window;
Ctrl+Z- in many programs undoes the last action;
Ctrl+F5- in browsers updates the content;
Ctrl+Home - in programs with a text field, moves to the beginning of the document being edited;
Ctrl+End - in programs with a text field, moves to the end of the document being edited;
Ctrl+- in Total Commander navigates to the root directory of the disk.

Alt (read “Alt”) - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action. For example:
Alt+F4- in all programs closes them;
Alt+F7- in some programs opens a search dialog;
Alt+F10 - in some file managers brings up the directory tree;
Alt+Tab- in Windows navigates to the next running window;
Alt+letter - in some programs calls menu commands or opens menu columns.

Additionally, the keyboard shortcuts Alt+Shift or Ctrl+Shift are commonly used to switch keyboard layouts.
Capslock (read “Capslock”) - switch to uppercase mode (fixed switching). Pressing the key again cancels this mode. Used when typing

IN CAPITAL letters.

The Esc control key (read “Escape”), used to cancel the current operation or last change, minimize an application, go to the previous menu or screen, or remove a selection, is located in the left corner of the keyboard next to the function key block.

In the Windows operating system, the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Shift+Esc opens the Task Manager.
Tab (read “Tab”) - in text editors, enters a tab character and works with indentations, and in graphical interfaces moves focus between elements. For example, moving between the desktop, Start button, Quick Launch, taskbar, and system tray.
The AppsKey action is equivalent to right-clicking the mouse and brings up a context menu for the selected object.

Line feed key Enter (Enter) - used to enter a line feed when typing text, selecting a menu item, issuing a command or confirming an action, and so on.

Backspace (read “Backspace”) - in text editing mode, deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and outside the typing area - returns to the previous screen of the program or web page in the browser.
Delete (read “Divide”) - deletes the selected object, selected text fragment
or the character to the right of the input cursor.

The Insert key (read “Insert”) is used to switch between insertion modes (the text appears to move apart) and replacement modes (new characters replace existing text) when editing text.
The Ctrl+Insert key combination replaces the “copy” command, and Shift+Insert replaces the “paste” command. In the Total Commander and FAR Manager file managers, the key is used to select a file or folder.
PrtScn (print screen) (read “Print screen”) - takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. In combination with the Alt key, the image is copied to the buffer
current active window.

The ScrLk (Scroll Lock) service key (read “Scroll Lock”) blocks scrolling and when activated with the cursor keys, the contents of the entire screen are shifted, which is very convenient when editing large tables, for example, in Excel.
Pause/Break (read “Pause” or “Break”) - pauses the computer. In modern operating systems, this key is only relevant when the computer boots.

The up, down, right and left arrows refer to the cursor keys and allow you to navigate through menu items and move the input cursor in the corresponding direction by one position. When combined with the Ctrl key, the arrows move a greater distance. For example, in the Microsoft Word editor, Ctrl+← moves the cursor one word to the left.
Using the Shift key selects a block of text.
The Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line of a document or list of files.

What hotkeys are useful to know?
The Ctrl + Shift + Esc key combination is indispensable when the computer freezes; it calls up the “Task Manager”, with which you can end a process, cancel a task, or shut down the computer.

Alt + Tab keys allow you to switch between open windows. A panel appears in the center of the screen with all open applications, and when selecting the active window, you need to hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key several times.
The combination Alt + Space (spacebar) opens the window system menu, with which you can restore, move, maximize, minimize and close the window without using the mouse.
Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift – switch keyboard layout.

Using Win + D you can minimize all windows and show the desktop, and the Win + M keys minimize all windows except dialog windows.
Win + E opens the My Computer folder.
Win + F – opens a window to search for a file or folder.

I think you have most likely already heard that keyboard- this is the most convenient and fastest way to control a computer, but, most likely, you cannot believe it, because you cannot understand how you can operate the keyboard faster e, than moving the mouse pointer to the desired location on the screen and clicking with one finger. So, this is really true. The author of this article himself once thought so too, but some time passed and everything fell into place.

The keyboard works faster!

The fact is that in fact, in order to perform several actions in a matter of seconds, the mouse is not suitable at all, because you need to reach out to the mouse, coordinate the movements with this hand, etc. The keys are always under your fingers, and to press several keys you need to make tens of times less concentrated effort. I'm not even talking about any altered states of consciousness, such as alcohol or drug intoxication - it is almost impossible to work with a mouse in these states, but with skillful use of the keyboard, performance does not decrease one gram even in such cases :)

What main groups of keys can be distinguished on the keyboard?

Letters, numbers and punctuation marks - this group can be called alphanumeric. These are the majority of keys on the keyboard. They are located in the center of the keyboard. Used for typing text, entering commands and program code.
In order to use these keys as conveniently and effectively as possible, you need to master. He explains how fingers should be positioned on the keyboard, since the keyboard is divided into several zones, and each of them corresponds to a specific finger. It is quite difficult to learn and requires a lot of patience and perseverance, but this skill pays off handsomely, since it makes using the computer much easier.
This group is the row of twelve keys at the very top of the keyboard. They are used to perform many operations, which are described in detail in the article dedicated to them.
Control keys. This is exactly what we are going to talk about on this page of the site. These are keys that are not assembled into any block. Enter, Alt, Ctrl, Tab, Shift, Backspace, spacebar - and several others. They are located throughout the keyboard - along its periphery. This is done so that they do not interfere with typing and at the same time are always accessible. When mastering the above-mentioned ten-finger method, these keys are almost all pressed with the little fingers. However, this is not important for us to get to know them yet. We will look at their names, purpose and main functions of control keys.
Cursor keys. They are often separated into a separate group, with only 4 keys. In our opinion, these keys can be safely classified as controls, which is what they are in essence. They are needed to move the cursor. They are responsible for direction. Thus, among the control keys there are related ones Home, End, PgUp, PgDown. These keys are used, for example, to move around it, as well as to .
Number pad - NumPad. A separate block with numbers arranged like on a calculator. These keys are auxiliary keys; some keyboards do not have them because they duplicate the numbers located in the top row of the alphanumeric block. An additional numeric keypad is used when working with numbers and arithmetic operations, for example. It is much easier for a person who does not know the ten-finger dialing method to use numbers there. But in general this is not effective, and, according to some, we recommend mastering the use of numbers in the top row of the main keyboard.

Well, now, let's look at the use of some basic combinations using mainly a group of control keys.

Enter

And we’ll start with the fact that the most important key is Enter. It allows you to send data from forms, text fields, the browser address bar, in general, in all those places where you need to enter any data. This works always and everywhere, not only on website pages, but throughout your entire operating system and even outside it... But the Enter key is replaced by various buttons designed for entering data using the mouse - next to the address bar of your browser there is a “Go” button ", on web page forms these are buttons like “Login”, “Search”, etc. So, if you still use the “mouse” analogues of the Enter key, I strongly recommend that you start using it. In fact, such a data entry operation will shorten you by only a second or two, but how many times is this operation performed during operation? That’s what I’m talking about - everything is made up of the smallest details, and in the art of navigation this small detail is one of the main ones.

Tab

Next, the Tab (tabulate) key is very useful for us - this key allows you to move the input focus from one object to the next, in the order of top-to-bottom and left-to-right. The clearest example of its help is the use of this key when entering your username and password into the form for logging into your email account (I assume you already use email, although even if not, I will tell you about this in another article).

Let's say you opened a page for your email service. Instead of dragging and clicking the mouse in the field to enter a username (login), press only the key Tablittle finger of the left hand, and you will understand how much faster it is. This happens because the field for entering a name (login) is almost always the very first field in the structure of any web page where an authorization form is provided. The same can be said about search engine pages; when you open a search engine page, the first thing you do is click Tab, and you will invariably end up in a field for entering a query to a search engine, but this is what you need. It may seem incredibly inconvenient the first few times, but believe me, these few times are worth it. In general, the super-fast algorithm for logging into a site is as follows: immediately after loading the web page you need, you click Tab, enter your login, click again Tab(get used to it press it with your little finger), enter your password, click Enter. By the way, I will say that Enter should also be pressed with the little finger of your right hand.,

This is interesting! The Tab and Enter keys are specially made large so that you can easily hit them with your little finger.

It will be uncomfortable at first, but this discomfort will go away in a couple of days. But you can already compare the time it takes to log in somewhere, and you yourself will feel that this procedure now happens simply at lightning speed, compared to how you entered the site before, when using only the mouse for navigation.

Shift+Tab

You might say, “The Tab key is nice, but I still have to grab the mouse if I make a mistake in one of the fields, or miss it while typing, and I need to go back to the previous field, above or to the left.” . But I will answer you that this is always and everywhere provided, in such cases, in addition to the Tab described above, the Shift key comes to the rescue. That is, here we use not only the single Tab key, but the so-called combination, or key combination usually designated as Shift+Tab. This designation<клавиша 1>+<клавиша 2>, always means that in this case you need to first press key 1, and, holding it down, press key 2. As you get used to the keyboard, this action becomes similar to pressing two keys at the same time, because the time between pressing two keys gradually decreases with experience. That is, for use Shift+Tab To return to the previous input field, you need to hold Shift and press Tab.

Shift is also a key designed for little fingers. Or rather, the keys, because there are always two of them on a standard keyboard. This is done in order to use them regardless of which key you need to press along with it. The standard technique, which the first keyboard developers counted on, is Shift, you need to press the little finger of the hand that is free from pressing other keys. This means that the most correct and ergonomic way to press a command Shift+Tab will be pressing and holding the right Shift with the little finger of the right hand, and clicking on Tab with the little finger of the left hand.

The key to transfer input focus in the address bar.

The address bar is an indispensable and necessary element of any browser. It is with its help that we are able to transfer the required website address to the browser so that the latter displays its contents to us. The address bar is located at the top of your browser window; it automatically displays the address (url) of what the browser displays in the main window. So, in order to effectively use this function, there must be a hotkey that allows you to transfer the input focus to this very line. The standard keys for this are:

F6 in Firefox and IE browsers (internet explorer)
F8 for Opera browser

By the way, in Opera you can change this value to any other key, say the same F6. Besides, F6 serves for this not only in the browser, but also in the standard Explorer of any operating system of the Windows family, because it uses the same engine for both the IE browser and the shell of the Explorer OS itself. Directly in the system, you can use the address bar to navigate through the entire file system of your computer. Let's say you are in the C:Program FilesInternet Explorer directory, and in order to instantly move to the root of the C: drive of your system, just click the key F6, type “C:” and press Enter. This takes tens of times less time than the same action using the mouse.

By the way, you may have noticed that when you transfer focus to the address bar using a hotkey, the value that is currently in the line is automatically highlighted. This is done so that immediately after transferring focus you can type the desired address without being distracted by clearing the address bar field, as you would have to do with a mouse. Another useful thing is that when you start typing an address, a list of already visited addresses drops down if you want to use this function in the browser, and all possible navigation options if you are navigating through the file system. You just need to select the desired address and click Enter. A number of function keys are quite far from the main keyboard, so you can press these keys as you please. The best option is if you are not yet accustomed to using the function keys, then I recommend pressing F6 with the middle finger of your right hand. It is most convenient to press F8 with the ring finger of your right hand.

F5 - page refresh

Any browser has a refresh function for the current web page. In the browser toolbar, the button to call this function usually looks like two arrows forming a ring. This process involves a forced request of the current page from the server in order to download possible changes to the content, because while you are reading the page, it is physically located only on your computer, and during this time this page could have changed on the server. This may be necessary, for example, when checking email or reading forums, because the content there actually changes quite often. So, when the page is refreshed, the browser will load the changes that have occurred. This is what the F5 key is for. Most It is convenient to press this key with the index finger of either hand, in fact, it doesn’t matter which hand you use – which one will be more convenient for you.

True, there is another opportunity to update the page from the keyboard. Maybe someone will find it more convenient to use a combination Ctrl+R. Sometimes pressing it is more convenient than reaching for the F5 key. The correct way to press it is with the right little finger on ctrl and the left middle finger on R, this is the recommended placement of the fingers. Although for those who do not know the ten-finger typing method, it will be more convenient to press the combination completely with your left hand - the left little finger on the left ctrl and the left index on R.

Navigation - forward/backward

Any browser has a function for flipping through viewed web pages. This feature is available using the left and right arrow buttons on your browser toolbar. It is used to return to previously or later viewed pages. Let's say, being on some page “a”, you clicked on a link and went to page “b”, there you clicked on the link again and found yourself on page “c”. And suddenly you need to find yourself on page “b” again, but you don’t know the address of that page. This is why the “back” function exists. By clicking “back” once, you will find yourself exactly on page “b”. What if you click twice? That's right, you will find yourself on page “a”. And so you can scroll through until you find yourself on the very first page from which you started surfing. But now you have seen what you wanted to see on page “a”, and you again need page “c”. No problem - the “Forward” function is provided for this. Being on page “a”, you need to double-click on “forward”, and you will find yourself exactly on page “c”. Just? Elementary. Comfortable? You'll understand in a couple of days.

Well, we’ve sorted out the function itself, now we need to find hotkeys for it, which, in fact, are discussed in this article. These keys are also standard and work in almost all the most famous browsers, and again, they work when navigating through the Windows file system using the standard Explorer. These are the keys Alt+left- back and alt+right- forward. In addition, to turn pages back, the key is also standard in any browser. Backspace, but I do not recommend getting used to it, because it is less advisable to use it, I say this based on my own experience. The backspace key should always and everywhere be pressed with the little finger of the right hand. The combinations Alt + right and Alt + left are most correctly pressed as follows: Left Alt - with the ring finger of the left hand, and holding it, with the little finger of the right hand, click the arrows to the left or right. “But it’s hard!” - you say. Yes, it’s hard at first. But it will be very easy a little later.

Hand position

There are also a couple more convenient options for pressing these combinations, which I use myself. The first of them is purely “navigational” - this is a special position of the hands, which I will probably talk about in another article. And the option is that the three fingers of the right hand are on the arrows, and, accordingly, press the index finger to the left, and the ring finger to the right. Left Alt is held with the left thumb. The remaining fingers in this position are located very conveniently on other control keys, but more on that another time.

The second option, let’s say we have a mouse in our right hand, with which we scroll the page. In order to flip the page back and forth without taking your hand off the mouse, you need holding the right Alt with the little finger of your left hand, scroll left or right with the index finger of your left hand. Just? Like diffusion. There is another option - with your left hand busy, scroll as follows: the thumb of the right hand on the right Alt, and with the little finger of the right hand we scroll through using the arrows.