Contacts. Contacts Surnames associated with origin
Since about half of all the world's Jews lived in the Russian Empire and there is a huge variety of surnames among Russian-speaking Jews (most of which are of Jewish origin), it must be clarified that having a Jewish surname is not direct evidence of Jewishness.
It should also be noted that there are many surnames whose bearers are both Jews and non-Jews. In this brief review we will try to talk only about the main types of Jewish surnames of Russian-speaking Jews. For more information on the topic of Russian-speaking Jewish surnames, we recommend looking at the book by Alexander Bader “Dictionary of Jewish surnames of the Russian Empire” (http://www.avotaynu.com/books/DJSRE2.htm).
Early Jewish surnames. Assignment of Jewish surnames
Jews, in principle, did not use surnames in their permanent lives. Both at birth, and when concluding a marriage contract, and when writing a letter of divorce, and when calling to the Torah, and in the inscription on a gravestone, it is customary to indicate the name of the person himself and the name of his father (when praying for health or recovery - the name of the mother). But already in the Middle Ages we find in Europe several noble Jewish families - mainly rabbinical ones, such as Kalonymus, Lurie, Schiff and others - owners of surnames “in their pure form,” i.e. passed from generation to generation over many centuries. For example, these are the descendants of the Rappoport (Rapaport, Ropoport) clan of many thousands. Despite the fact that the bulk of Jews (as well as non-Jews) in European countries did not have surnames, nevertheless, by the 18th century (early 19th), in almost all European countries, the mass assignment of surnames to both Jews and others began citizens. This was caused by the need of Russia, Austria-Hungary, the German principalities and other countries for a complete census of the population for collecting taxes and recruiting services.
Thousands of Jewish surnames are kept in the city archives of the former Russian Empire
Surnames were chosen either by the bearers themselves or could have been given by local officials, which is why we find unusually euphonious surnames, such as Muterperel (sea pearl), or Rosenzweig (rose branch), or Rubinstein (ruby stone). We also find, for example, in Austria-Hungary, the assignment of offensive surnames to Jews.
As a rule, surnames were given by the parents' names: Aizikson (son of Aizik), Gitis (son of Gita), Minkin (son of Minka), Malis (son of Mali); by the name of the locality where the person was from: Eisenstadt (a native of the German city of the same name), Brisk (a native of the city of Brest-Litovsk, which was called Brisk in Yiddish), Vileikin (a native of the town of Vileika on the border between Belarus and Lithuania) quite often surnames arose on the basis of nicknames: Orphan, Babin, Deaf; by profession: Hayat (Tailor), Sandlyar (Shoemaker); by occupation: Reznik, Kantor, Soifer; by origin: Katz, Kagan, Levin, Levinsky, etc.
In addition to Jewish surnames formed in Russian, we find a huge number of German and Yiddish surnames. Obviously, the ancestors of the bearers of these surnames came to Russia with them.
National-linguistic features of Russian-speaking Jewish surnames
Among Russian-speaking Jewish surnames, several types can be distinguished according to their national-linguistic origin. For example:
German-Yiddish surnames
German-Yiddish surnames, as a rule, came to Russia from Germany and Austria-Hungary and are German words or phrases, such as: Klein (small), Groys (big), Miller (Melnik), Berman (literally - bear man, in Russian - Medvedev), Nuremberg (a city in Germany), etc. They often end with the endings “-man”, “-berg”, “-kind”, etc., and the suffix “-er”. It can be assumed with great confidence that since the formation of surnames in Russia occurred later than in Central Europe, the ancestors of the bearers of such surnames came from German-speaking countries: Zalkind.
Russian Jewish surnames
Russian Jewish surnames, as a rule, have the ending “-in”, sometimes “-ov”, “-ovsky”, such as: Pyatigorsky (from Pyatigorsk), Sverdlov (from the town of Sverdly). The assignment of Jews to the Russian Empire began at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries with the goal of enumerating the entire population and especially in the recently annexed Eastern regions of the Kingdom of Poland. It is important to note that among Ashkenazi Jews in Russia, surnames formed by the name of the father or mother with the addition of the suffix “-ov” are extremely rare, with the exception of Mountain and Bukharian Jews.
Polish Jewish surnames
Polish Jewish surnames are formed by Polish words, such as Zholondz (acorn) or, as a rule, are based on the name of the locality or parents with the addition of the ending “-owicz”, “-ivich” or “-ski”, such as , Grzhibovsky.
Ukrainian Jewish surnames
As a rule, they reflect the occupation of the person himself, without ending, such as Weaver, Tailor.
Baltic Jewish surnames
Sephardic surnames
Their origin begins with the Jews of Spain and Portugal, who, through Holland and Italy, Byzantium and Turkey, spread throughout the world, including in Eastern Europe, for example, Tsiyuni (from Zion), Luria, Toledano (from Toledo).
Bukhara surnames
Russian authorities began to give surnames to Bukharian Jews after the annexation of Central Asia to the Russian Empire. It was a rather long process - from the mid-19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. As a rule, with rare exceptions, Bukharan Jews can be recognized by their surname, composed of the name of the father or mother (in Sephardic-Russian pronunciation, as Russian officials heard it) with the addition of the Russian ending “-ov” or “-ev”, for example, Yakubov , Pinkhasov, Gulkarov, Abramov, Moshaev, Leviev, Gavriilov.
Mountain surnames
Surnames for Mountain Jews were given by Russian officials in the second half - late 19th century after the annexation of the Caucasus to the Russian Empire. As a rule, with rare exceptions, she composed the name of the father or mother with the addition of the Russian ending “-ov”, for example, Ashurov (son of Asher), Sadykov (on behalf of Zadok), Shaulov (son of Shaul), Nisimov (son of Nissim).
Georgian Jewish surnames
Georgian Jewish surnames are formed by adding the suffix “-shvili”, like Georgians, for example, Isakoshvili. Formation with the suffix “-dze” is not found among Jews with very rare exceptions, such as the surname Pichkhadze.
The names of rabbis and the titles of their books
As a rule, the names of outstanding Jewish sages, for greater ease of use, especially in books, are written as abbreviations, such as: Rambam, Ramban, - or they are called by the name of those famous books and commentaries of the Torah that they wrote. Like, for example: Chafetz Chaim (Thirsting for Life, the title of the book by Rav Yisroel-Meir HaKohen of Radzin), Chazon Ish. In rare cases, these names are passed on to descendants, such as the famous Russian Jewish children's writer Samuil Marshak - a descendant of Morain ve-Rabbeinu Shmuel (MaRShak).
Surnames associated with Jewish religious activities
Since religious life is inseparable from the Jewish way of life, among Jews the proportion of such surnames is very high, such as: Avrekh (married yeshiva student), Parnis (Parnas is the rich leader of the community who supports it), Rabinovich (son of a rabbi, as well as others like that). formations of this surname: Rabin, Raber, Rabiner), Melamed (Jewish teacher of small children), Shames (synagogue servant), Reznik (cattle cutter, and the same thing in Hebrew - Shoichet), Menaker (carcass skinner), Liner, Kantorovich ( son of a cantor or with a Hebrew root - Khazankin), Lerner (Yiddish teacher), Gabai - Gabbe (synagogue elder).
Famous and wealthy Jews could afford
perpetuate your surname with a family coat of arms
Surnames associated with the qualities of their first owner
This includes surnames that reflect the external qualities of a person, such as Schwartz (Black), Weiss (White), Yaffe, Joffe (handsome), Weisburd (white beard), Kosoburd (oblique beard), Nosik, Superfin (very handsome), or with the inner qualities of a person, such as Hasid, etc.
Surnames derived from professions
As you know, many Jews were engaged in crafts, and therefore Jewish surnames often indicate the type of activity of our ancestors: for example, Shoemaker or Shoemaker (Sandlyar in Hebrew, Sandler in Yiddish, Shuster or Shusterman in German), Skornyak (Kushnir, Kushner, Kushnerov, Kushnerenko), Zlotnik (jeweler), Shleifman (scabbard maker), Sklyar (glazier).
As a rule, the ending of the surname clearly indicates the geographical origin, for example: surnames with the ending “-man” are of German or Austrian origin, such as Furman, Schneiderman, Zuckerman; Ukrainian with the endings “-ovich”, “-uvich”, Baltic with the ending “-on”, “-en”, Moldavian with the endings “-esku”, “-usku”, etc.
Surnames associated with origin
As you know, Jews attach great importance to their origin, therefore, for example, the descendants of the tribe of Levi or a special family in the tribe of Levi - the Cohens - add Ha-Levi or Ha-Kohen to their name, i.e. an indication of its origin. Therefore, some of the most common Jewish surnames - not only in the Russian Empire, but throughout the world - are: Kagan, Kogan, Kaganovich, Katz, Kaan, Kaganov, Barkat, Kazhdan, Levi, Levit, Levitan, Levinsky, Levinson, Levitansky, Segal, etc.
Surnames formed from the name of the father or mother
As a rule, census takers did not think long and gave surnames after the name of the father or mother, such as, for example, on behalf of the father: Abramovich, Pinkhasovich, Yakobzon, Davidzon.
A huge number of surnames of Russian Jews are formed from the name of the mother. For example, Malkin, Raikin, Gitlin, Sorkin, Vitkin.
Abbreviations
As you know, Hebrew often uses abbreviations, which we also find in the surnames: Katz, Shub, Shatz, Albats, Shah, Patlas, Tsatskis.
Toponymic surnames
Perhaps the largest group of Jewish surnames is associated with the area of residence. Either these are surnames without any suffixes, such as Mints, Landau, Berlin, Auerbach, or with the Russian suffix “-iy”, such as Zarudinsky, Varshavsky with the Russian suffix “-ov”, like Sverdlov (from the town of Sverdly), or with the Yiddish ending “-er”: Mirer (from Mir), Logovier (from Logovoy). Sometimes - according to the country of previous residence, such as: Pollak (Polyakov), Deutsch (Nemtsov), etc.
Surnames - names of animals
Already in the Torah we find comparisons of Jews with various animals. So, for example, Yaakov compares his children: Judah - with a lion, Issachar - with a powerful donkey, Dan - with a serpent, Naphtali - with a doe, etc. We especially see this comparison of Jews with animals in personal names: Zeev (wolf), Zvi (deer), Aryeh (lion), Yael (capricorn), Rachel (sheep), Dov (bear), Ber (bear - Yiddish), etc. .d.
Apparently, this is the reason for the frequent use of animal names in Jewish surnames, for example: Nightingale, Bull, Cancer, Bear, Crow, Magpie, Hare, Bunny and derivatives from them, such as Solovyov, Rakov, Medvedev.
Artificially formed surnames
They are, as a rule, of German-Austrian origin and arose during the mass assignment of surnames to the Jews of these countries without fail. As a rule, they have two roots conjugated into one word, such as: Rosenzweig, and have roots: Gold (gold), Berg (mountain), Mann (man, man), Baum (tree), Boym (tree - Yiddish ), Stein (stone), Stern (star), Stadt (city), Zweig (branch), Blum (flower), etc. It is interesting that these roots can also be separate Jewish surnames.
Russian surnames among Jews
Sometimes we meet pure Jews with purely Russian surnames. We can only guess about the reason why they received such surnames, but, for example, it is known that the majority of Jews who were forcibly conscripted into the cantonist service were forcibly given Russian surnames or were sold into the recruiting service instead of some other people whose surname they received. For example: Romanov, Slizenev, Chesakov.
Newly formed surnames in modern Israel
Many repatriates changed
their surnames in Hebrew
After a new wave of settlement in Eretz Israel began, around the end of the 19th century, many immigrants changed their surnames to Hebrew ones. This movement was started by the revivalist of modern Hebrew, Ben-Yehuda (Perelman), who actively fought for the revival of the spoken language of the Jews against the spoken language of the vast majority of Jews of that time - Yiddish. After the formation of the state, its “founding fathers” changed the “Galut” surnames to Hebrew ones.
Therefore, for example, Shifman became Ben Sira, Golda Meerovich became Golda Meir, Utesov became Bar-Sela, Mirsky - Bar-Shalom, Brook - Barak, Yakobzon - Jacobi, Zilberberg - Ar-Kesef. The leader of the labor movement, Shneur-Zalman Rubashov (whose name was given in honor of the first Lubavitcher Rebbe), especially stood out. He took a new surname, which was the abbreviation Shazar. The surname of Ariel Sharon's parents, for example, was Sheinerman, and the surname of the first Israeli president Ben-Gurion was Green.
Jewish surnames and genealogy
Many modern Jews are actively interested in their genealogy, compiling family trees, looking for the graves of their ancestors, their distant relatives, and thanks to this, some of them are returning to their roots and to their Tradition. There are very large sites dedicated to Jewish genealogy, such as Avoteinu and Jewishgen.
But it should be noted that due to the fact that in the Tsarist Empire from the beginning of the 19th century, Jews were forcibly taken into the army, except for those who had the only son in the family, therefore many Jewish families enrolled many of their children under different surnames. There are also numerous cases of surname changes during emigration to America, Israel, and other countries. For example, Rav Yitzchak Zilber's father, Rav Benzion Tsiyuni, changed his surname to Zilber in 1916 when moving from Latvia to Russia.
Ilyin
The surname Ilyin comes from the Russian form Ilya of the Jewish male name Eliyahu, which means “He &mda
Vereyskaya PlazaIII- class B+ business center
Year of construction: 2014
Location:
The facility is located in the Mozhaisk district of the Western Administrative District (JSC) of Moscow. The main advantages for motorists are the proximity of the Moscow Ring Road (5 km), Mozhaiskoye Highway (less than 2 km) and Michurinsky Prospekt (4 km). The distance to the Third Transport Ring is about 8 km, to the Garden Ring - 11 km. A free bus from the management company runs from the Slavyansky Boulevard metro station to the center; you can get here by public transport in 8-10 minutes. from the Kuntsevskaya metro station. The Fili-Davydkovo metro will open at the end of 2018.
Description:
- Total area 110,000 sq. m. For rent - blocks from 211 to 50,000 sq. m. m
- Ceiling height: 3.6 - 4.2 m
- Column pitch: 6 * 6, 6 * 9 m
- Premises with and without finishing (4, 5, 6 floors)
- Layout: open
- High quality finishing of common areas
- Object - a 7-storey building built in hi-tech style. The atrium is more than 30 m high - offices are located along its perimeter.
- LG panoramic elevators are installed in the center
- Professional management company
Technical equipment: central air conditioning system, supply and exhaust ventilation, fire extinguishing system
Telecommunications: fiber optic networks, operator - ViLand
Parking: surface parking for 1000 cars, underground parking for 100 cars. Parking ratio 1:80
Safety: video surveillance, access control, professional 24-hour security, automated systems
Infrastructure:
- Internal: restaurant, cafeteria, canteen, bank branch, fitness center with swimming pool, dry cleaning, pharmacy
- External: shopping center, shops
- Higher. Pedagogical. Moscow Institute of Physical Culture
- Secondary specialized education in the specialty “Adaptive physical education” (APC)
- CCM in Greco-Roman wrestling
- Winner and prize-winner of the Moscow State Development Championships
- Winner of the Moscow Cup in belt wrestling
- Certified instructor in the specialty “Gym Instructor” (“Federation of Fitness Aerobics of Russia” (FFAR))
- Certified children's fitness instructor (“First Fitness School”)
- strength and functional training for teenagers
- general physical fitness in children of primary school age
Coaching staff
Urakov Suyarkul
Education:
– Higher medical degree, specialty – general medicine
– Internship in General Surgery
– Residency in physical therapy and sports medicine
Specialization:
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system:
– Osteochondrosis, scoliosis (cervical, thoracic, lumbar)
– Herniated discs
– Poor posture, flat feet
– Arthrosis, contractures
Rehabilitation after musculoskeletal injuries(after operations on the spine and joints)
Rehabilitation after surgery(strengthening the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall)
Correction of excess weight, recovery of women after childbirth, etc.
Drawing up an individual exercise therapy program for: diabetes mellitus, varicose veins of the lower extremities, diseases of the cardiovascular system
Experience in rehabilitation: 3 years (based on the 31st Civil Design Bureau)
4 years
Kharchenko Olga
Education:
Institute of Contemporary Art
Specialty: Choreographer
Certificates:
MyFitLab Victoria Leal – Pilates Matwork 1
Matrix – Functional Anatomy, Biomechanics
Stretching instructor, Posture correction
Specialization: Modern dances (Ladies dance, strip plastic, vogue, Jazz Funk), Latin American dances, Contemporary and modern dance techniques, Classical dance (ballet), Pilates, Stretching, Twine
More than 7 years
Bodrov Pavel
Member of the Russian pankration team
CMS in hand-to-hand combat
CCM in professional combat sambo (MMA section)
Moscow champion in pankration and MMA
Zelenograd MMA champion
Multiple winner and prize-winner of all-Russian tournaments in pankration and grappling
Silver medalist of the European MMA tournament in Italy
Personal training experience: over 16 years
Experience in the fitness industry: more than 7 years
Doroshenko Vladislav
Education:
Graduate of UOR-4 Olympic Reserve School in Chekhov
Achievements:
Silver medalist of the Russian Championship
Candidate for Master of Sports in Water Polo
Current athlete
Specialization:
Preparation for competitions
Training in playing methods of Water polo
Personal training experience: more than 10 years
Experience in the fitness industry: more than 1 year
Kozlov Vadim
Education:
Certified international specialist – World Body Building Federation
Participant in bodybuilding and fitness competitions in the Men’s Physique category
Specialization:
– Gaining muscle mass
– Figure correction
– Increased endurance
– Functional training
– Creation of nutrition programs
Personal training experience: more than 10 years
Experience in the fitness industry: more than 4 years
Latosha Larisa
Graduate of the Moscow State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports
Master trainer of water programs.
Specialist in working with pregnant women.
Presenter of Moscow and International conventions on Aqua aerobics.
Methodist in the areas of Aqua-Mama, Aqua-aerobics
Personal training experience: 23 years old
Coaching experience: 18 years old
Shcherbakov Alexey
Education: Higher technical
Advanced training at the State Center for Physical Education and Physical Culture, Department of Swimming
Master of Sports of the USSR
Russian records for distance 50,100,200 Breaststroke.
European record in the 4-100 medley relay
Swimming lessons for adults and children from 5 years old
Preparation for competitions
Training in all swimming styles
Certified Aqua Aerobics Instructor
Personal training experience: 45 years old
Coaching experience: 25 years old
Kuchina Alena
Education:
Higher education in sports and pedagogy
Secondary vocational (physical education and sports with honors)
CMS in sport swimming
Prize-winner of Russia. Champion of Moscow and Moscow region
Certified Infant Swimming Coach
Certified Aquatic Rehabilitation Trainer
Swimming lessons for adults and children from 5 years old
Posture correction
Swimming for weight loss
Rehabilitation in the aquatic environment
Personal training experience: 11 years old
Coaching experience: more than 5 years
Shuvalov Dmitry
Education:
RPK (Rodnikovsky Polytechnic College)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Academy of Fitness and Bodybuilding
Personal trainer for fitness and bodybuilding
Specialization:
– Gaining muscle mass
– Reduction of adipose tissue
– Recovery from injuries
– Functional training
– Strengthen the back, improve posture
– Training for people with disabilities
Personal training experience: 7 years
Experience in the fitness industry: more than 2 years
Gonchar Victor
Education:
Graduate of the National University of Civil Protection.
Graduate of the Ben Weider Academy of Bodybuilding and Fitness.
Candidate for Master of Sports in all-around.
Candidate for Master of Sports in Athletics.
Specialization:
– EMS certified trainer
– figure correction
– weight gain
– functional training
– fat burning
– increased endurance.
Mazur Evgeniy
Education:
Higher education from the National Educational Center of Education with a degree in “Physical Education”
– Master of Sports of international class in bench press and folk press WRPF and AWPC
– Elite of Russia
– World Champion
– European Champion
– 2-time Russian Champion
– Master of Sports of Ukraine in biathlon
– Champion of Ukraine 2011-2013,
– Repeated medalist and winner of international championships.
– drawing up individual training programs,
– figure correction
– correction of problem areas
– weight gain
– increase in strength indicators
– drawing up nutrition programs
Personal training experience more than 11 years
Experience in the fitness industry for more than 7 years
Performing athlete
Ershova Elena
Education:
Graduate of the Fitness Professionals Association (FPA) with a degree in specialty.
"Personal bodybuilding and fitness trainer"
Specialization in areas:
– drawing up individual training programs
– increase in muscle volume
– figure correction
– correction of problem areas
– nutrition correction
– stretching with elements of yoga and power acrobatics.
More than 4 years
Personal training experience more than 5 years
Biryukov Nikita
Education:
– Student at Moscow State Educational Institution, majoring in “Professional education in the field of physical culture and sports”
– Advanced training “Ergogenics of nutrition”
– Sports kinesio taping. TRX training
Specialization in areas:
– drawing up individual training programs
– fat burning
– functional training
Personal training experience more than 9 years
Experience in the fitness industry more than 2 years
Performing athlete.
Trutnev Vyacheslav
Education:
– Graduate of the Ben Weider College of Bodybuilding and Fitness with a degree in Gym Instructor
– Advanced training in the specialty “Personal Trainer”
– Myofascial fitness specialist
– Winner of the Nizhny Novgorod region in the “Classical bodybuilding” category
Specialization in areas:
– drawing up individual training programs
– increase in muscle volume,
– fat burning
– functional training
Personal training experience more than 7 years
Experience in the fitness industry 4 years
Performing athlete
Khodarev Maxim
Education:
Graduate of the Kharkov State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports with a specialization in “Physiorehabilitation”
Graduated with honors from the "Scientist Fitness" Lyceum with a degree in: Personal Gym Trainer
Specialization:
In the training process to increase strength, fat burning and zone correction, functional training and training to increase muscle volume
Drawing up individual training programs and nutrition correction
Personal training experience: 15 years
Experience in the fitness industry: more than 5 years
Voronova Oksana
Education:
Higher education “Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism” RGUFKSiT.
Student – Polestar Pilates Studio Pilates (Module 1-4)
Specialization:
Pilates on mats (Polestar Pilates).
– Polestar Principles. Principles of movement (Polestar Pilates). Polestar Pilates Getway (Mat1, Mat 2, Mat 3, Mat Props).
– Introduction to Functional Biomechanics. Functional Biomechanics Level 1-2 (Thirst 4 Function Academy)
– Workshops: “Foot: from theory to practice” “Prevention and rehabilitation of the knee joint” “This mysterious pelvic floor” “Scoliosis - a practical approach” “Pilates for recovery after childbirth and correction of diastasis” (Center for Professional and Personal Growth “Practice”)
– “Visual Posture Assessment” (Fitness Professionals Association, FPA)
– “Myofascial release techniques in the work of personal trainers” (Association of Fitness Professionals, FPA).
– “Pelvic triad” (Wellness company Welcom, Welcom Wellness Company). 2012
– “Functional anatomy of the musculoskeletal system” (Welcom Wellness Company).
Galimzyanova Leniya
Education:
Higher VlSU named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletov (VlGU and VGGU) Applied informatics in economics
MFS Certification (Moscow Higher Fitness School), Wellness Academy, Zumba Fitness, LLC member of the Zumba Instructor Network (“ZIN”)
Dunaev Ivan
Education:
Advanced training:
Main directions:
More than 3 years of experience working with children
Tanacheva Tatyana
Education:
- Higher. Special (Bashkir State Pedagogical University)
Advanced training:
Specifics of the educational activities of a speech therapist teacher.
Speech therapy massage
Developing motivation for creativity
Conversation about proper nutrition
Scientific and methodological seminar “The ABC of Health”
Individualization from concept to practice
Brain gymnastics: a tool for speech therapists
Certificates and incentives:
Certificate of honor from the Department of Education of Izhevsk 2015
Certificate of honor from the center of preschool education and care in Izhevsk
Gratitude from the rehabilitation center for children and adolescents with disabilities. Certificates and thanks from SK Platform.
Gratitude from the UR Swimming Federation for preparing for the Children's Swimming League competition 2012-2017
Main directions:
– tutoring activities
– speech therapy work “Logorhythmics”, “Word Theatre”
– individual speech therapy classes with children. – preparation for school
– graphomotor skills
– corrective exercises
– development of creative abilities in a child
– fitness for the mind
Experience in teaching and administrative activities over 17 years
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