Contacting a search engine or a search server. Three main ways to search for information on the Internet. Principles of information selection

Three main ways to search for information on the Internet.

1. Specifying the page address . This is the fastest search method, but it can only be used if the exact address of the document is known.

TO SEARCH THE NEEDED INFORMATION ON THE NETWORK, THE ADDRESS IS USED Uniform Resource Locator (URL), containing the name of the protocol by which you need to access the required information, server address and file name on this server, for example:

http www.kazan.ru

(hierarchical structure - from right to left http - hypertext protocol, www - node is located in the Web space).

Parts of an address:

· ru- Russia (must be three-letter)

· kazan – resource of Kazan,

· www- Internet resource, Web Site (web page), the site contains hyperlinks that allow you to navigate the flow of information using the matryoshka principle. The browser program allows you not to get lost (Home Page).

· http – hypertext transfer protocol.

In terms of protocols, the Internet uses several types of protocols that have emerged over time and the advancement of computer technology. These include the telnet text protocol, the ftp file protocol, the usenet teleconference protocol, the wais database protocol, the gopher protocol, etc.

2 Contacting a search server (search engine). Using search servers is the most convenient way to find information. Today, the following search servers are popular in the Russian-speaking part of the Internet:

Example of search engines:

The search engine finds the site address using keywords, even phrases.

There are other search engines. For example, an effective search system is implemented on the server of the mail.ru mail service.

Search engine query language

A group of keywords formed according to certain rules - using a query language - is usually called a request to a search server. The query languages ​​for different search servers are very similar. You can learn more about this by visiting the “Help” section of the desired search server. Let's look at the rules for forming queries using the Yandex search engine as an example.

To get the best search results, it is extremely important to remember a few simple rules:

Don't search for information using just one keyword.

It is best not to enter keywords in capital letters, as this may result in the same words written in lower case not being found.

If you don't get any results from your search, check to see if there are any spelling errors in your keywords.

Modern search engines provide the ability to connect a semantic analyzer to a generated query. Using it, you can enter a word and select documents in which derivatives of this word are found in various cases, tenses, etc.

The most accessible and convenient way to search for information on the World Wide Web is to use search engines. In this case, information can be searched through catalogs, as well as through a set of keywords characterizing the text document being searched.

Let's look at the use of search servers in more detail. The search server contains a large number of links to a wide variety of documents, and all these links are systematized into thematic catalogs. For example: sports, cinema, cars, games, science, etc.
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Moreover, these links are installed by the server independently, automatically, by regularly viewing all Web pages appearing on the World Wide Web. At the same time, search servers provide the user with the ability to search for information using keywords. After entering keywords, the search server begins to view documents on other Web servers and display links to those documents in which the specified words appear. Typically, search results are sorted in descending order by a special document rating, which shows how fully a given document meets the search terms or how often it is requested online.

Some important addresses:

www.kros.ru - Kazan regional educational network,

www.edu.ru website of the Russian Ministry of Education,

www.fio.ru - Federation of Internet Education.

3. movement via hyperlinks . This is the least convenient method, since it can be used to search for documents that are only close in meaning to the current document. If the current document is dedicated, for example, to music, then using the hyperlinks of this document, it is unlikely that you will be able to get to a site dedicated to sports

Three main ways to search for information on the Internet. - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Three main ways to search for information on the Internet." 2017, 2018.

16.Searching for information on the Internet

The information posted on the World Wide Web amounts to a huge number of bytes. To search for information on the World Wide Web, special websites are used - information retrieval systems. They allow you to use keywords to find information resources related to keywords. This can be text containing keywords, or a graphic image of one of the keywords. Examples of information retrieval systems are Google and Yandex systems.

Search for information– one of the most popular tasks in practice that any Internet user has to solve.

There are three main ways to search for information on the Internet:

1. Specifying the page address.

3. Contacting a search engine (search server).

Method 1: Specifying the page address

This is the fastest search method, but it can only be used if you know exactly the address of the document or the site where the document is located.

Don’t forget the ability to search the web page open in the browser window (Edit-Find on this page...).

This is the least convenient method, since it can be used to search for documents that are only close in meaning to the current document.

Method 3: Accessing a search engine

Using hypertext links, you can travel endlessly in the information space of the Network, moving from one web page to another, but if you consider that many millions of web pages have been created in the world, it is unlikely that you will be able to find the necessary information on them in this way.

Special search engines (also called search engines) come to the rescue. Search server addresses are well known to everyone who works on the Internet. Currently, the following search engines are popular in the Russian-speaking part of the Internet: Yandex (yandex.ru), Google (google.ru) and Rambler (rambler.ru

Search engine- a website that provides the ability to search for information on the Internet.

Most search engines search for information on World Wide Web sites, but there are also systems that can search for files on FTP servers, products in online stores, and information in Usenet newsgroups.

According to the operating principle Search engines are divided into two types: search directories and search indexes.

Search directories serve for thematic search.

The information on these servers is structured by topics and subtopics. If you intend to cover a specific topic, it is not difficult to find a list of web pages dedicated to it.

A directory of Internet resources or a directory of Internet resources or simply an Internet directory is a structured set of links to sites with a brief description of them.

Search indexes work as alphabetical indexes. The client specifies a word or group of words that characterizes his search area and receives a list of links to web pages containing the specified terms.

The first search engine for the World Wide Web was Wandex, a now-defunct index developed by Matthew Gray of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993.

How does a search index work?

Search indexes automatically, using special programs (web spiders), scan Internet pages and index them, that is, they enter them into their huge database.

Search robot(“web spider”) is a program that is an integral part of a search engine and is designed to crawl Internet pages in order to enter information about them (keywords) into the search engine database. At its core, the spider most closely resembles a regular browser. It scans the contents of the page, uploads it to the server of the search engine it belongs to and sends it via links to the following pages.

In response to a request where to find the necessary information, the search server returns a list of hyperlinks leading to web pages on which the necessary information is available or mentioned. The list can be of any extent, depending on the content of the request.

http://www.yandex.ru/

Yandex- Russian Internet search system. The company's website, Yandex.ru, was opened on September 23, 1997. The company's head office is located in Moscow. The company has offices in St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Odessa and Kyiv. The number of employees exceeds 700 people.

The word “Yandex” (consisting of the letter “Ya” and part of the word index; a play on the fact that the Russian pronoun “Ya” corresponds to the English “I”) was coined by Ilya Segalovich, one of the founders of Yandex, currently serving as the company’s technical director.

Yandex Search allows you to search the RuNet for documents in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Romanian, English, German and French, taking into account the morphology of the Russian and English languages ​​and the proximity of words in a sentence. A distinctive feature of Yandex is the ability to fine-tune the search query. This is achieved through a flexible query language.

By default, Yandex displays 10 links on each results page; in the search results settings, you can increase the page size to 20, 30 or 50 found documents.

From time to time, Yandex algorithms responsible for the relevance of search results change, which leads to changes in the results of search queries. In particular, these changes are aimed at combating search spam, which leads to irrelevant results for some queries.

http://www.google.ru/

Internet search engine leader Google occupies more than 70% of the world market. It currently registers about 50 million search queries daily and indexes more than 8 billion web pages. Google can find information in 115 languages.

According to one version, Google is a distorted spelling of the English word googol. "Googol" is a mathematical term for one followed by 100 zeros. The term was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner, and was first described in the book Mathematics and the Imagination by Kasner and James Newman. Google's use of the term reflects the challenge of organizing the vast amounts of information on the Internet.

Google's interface contains a fairly complex query language that allows you to limit your search to specific domains, languages, file types, etc.

http://www.rambler.ru/

Rambler Media Group is an Internet holding company that includes as services a search engine, a rating classifier of Russian Internet resources, and an information portal.

Rambler was created in 1996.

The Rambler search engine understands and distinguishes between words in Russian, English and Ukrainian. By default, the search is carried out in all forms of the word.

Searching for information on the Internet

The Internet is growing at a very fast pace, so finding the information you need among hundreds of billions of Web pages and hundreds of millions of files is becoming increasingly difficult. To search for information, special search engines are used, which contain constantly updated information about the location of Web pages and files on hundreds of millions of Internet servers.

Search engines contain thematically grouped information about the information resources of the World Wide Web in databases. Special robot programs periodically “bypass” Internet Web servers, read all the documents they encounter, highlight keywords in them and enter the Internet addresses of the documents into the database.

Most search engines allow the author of a Web site to enter information into the database by filling out a registration form. In the process of filling out the questionnaire, the site developer enters the site address, its name, a brief description of the site’s content, as well as keywords that will make it easier to find the site.

Search by keywords. Searching for a document in the search engine database is carried out by entering queries into search field.

The query must contain one or more keywords that are central to this document. For example, to search for Internet search systems themselves, you can enter the keywords “Russian Internet information search system” in the search field (Fig. 6.21).

Some time after sending the request, the search engine will return a list of Internet addresses of documents in which the specified keywords were found. To view this document in a browser, just activate the link pointing to it (Fig. 6.22).

If the keywords were chosen poorly, then the list of document addresses may be too large (may contain tens or even hundreds of thousands of links). In order to reduce the list, you can enter additional keywords in the search field or use the search engine directory.

One of the most complete and powerful search engines is Google (www.google.ru), whose database stores 8 billion Web pages and every month robot programs add 5 million new pages to it. In Runet (the Russian part of the Internet), extensive databases containing 200 million documents each have search engines Yandex (www.yandex.ru) and Rambler (www.rambler.ru).

Search in a hierarchical directory system. In a search engine database, Web sites are grouped into hierarchical thematic catalogs, which are analogous to a subject catalog in a library.

Top-level thematic sections, for example: Internet, Computers, Science and Education etc., contain subdirectories. For example, the Internet directory may contain subdirectories Search, Mail etc. (Fig. 6.23).

Searching for information in the catalog comes down to selecting a specific catalog, after which the user will be presented with a list of links to the Internet addresses of the most visited and meaningful Web sites. Each link is usually annotated, that is, it contains a short commentary on the content of the document.

The most complete multi-level hierarchical thematic catalog of Russian-language Internet resources is available in the Aport search system (www.aport.ru). The catalog contains a detailed summary of the content of Web sites and an indication of their geographical location.

Search files. To search for files on file archive servers, there are specialized search engines, including the FileSearch search engine (www.filesearch.ru). To search for a file, you must enter the file name in the search field, and the search engine will return the Internet addresses of the file archive servers on which the file with the specified name is stored.

Searching for information on the Russian-language part of the Internet using the most search engines: Google, Rambler, Aport, Japs1ex and the Research file search system can be done using the integrated search engine Gogle.ru (Fig. 6.24). To do this, just enter keywords in the search bar, use the switches to set the type of information required and click on the button with the name of the search engine Gogle.ru (Fig. 6.24). To do this, just enter keywords in the search bar, use the switches to set the type of information required and click on the button with the name of the search engine.

Rice. 6.24. Integrated search engine Gogle.ru

Ways to search the Internet

Three ways to search the Internet

The Internet in general and the World Wide Web in particular provide the subscriber with access to thousands of servers and millions of Web pages that store an unimaginable amount of information. How not to get lost in this “ocean of information”? To do this, you need to learn how to search and find the necessary information on the Internet.

As already mentioned, there are three main ways to search for information on the Internet.

1. Specifying the page address. This is the fastest search method, but can only be used if the exact address of the document is known.

2. Navigation via hyperlinks. This is the least convenient method, since with its help you can search for documents that are only close in meaning to the current document. If the current document is dedicated, for example, to music, then using hyperlinks in this document it is unlikely that you will be able to get to a site dedicated to sports.

3. Contacting a search server (search engine). Using search servers is the most convenient way to find information. Currently, the following search engines are popular in the Russian-speaking part of the Internet:

Yandex;
Rambler;
Aport.

There are other search engines. For example, an effective search system is implemented on the server of the mail.ru mail service.

Search servers

The most accessible and convenient way to search for information on the World Wide Web is to use search engines. In this case, information can be searched through catalogs, as well as through a set of keywords characterizing the text document being searched.

Let's look at the use of search servers in more detail. Search server contains a large number of links to a wide variety of documents, and all these links are systematized into thematic catalogs. For example: sports, cinema, cars, games, science, etc. Moreover, these links are installed by the server independently, automatically by regularly viewing all Web pages appearing on the World Wide Web. In addition, search engines provide the user with the ability to search for information using keywords. After entering keywords, the search server begins to view documents on other Web servers and display links to those documents in which the specified words appear. Typically, search results are sorted in descending order by a special document rating, which shows how fully a given document meets the search terms or how often it is requested online.

Search engine query language

A group of keywords formed according to certain rules - using a query language - is called a request to the search server. The query languages ​​for different search servers are very similar. You can learn more about this by visiting the "Help" section of the desired search server. Let's look at the rules for forming queries using the Yandex search engine as an example.

To get the best search results, you need to remember a few simple rules:

1. Do not search for information using only one keyword.

2. It is better not to enter keywords with a capital letter, as this may lead to the fact that the same words written with a lowercase letter will not be found.

3. If you don't get any results from your search, check to see if there are any spelling errors in your keywords.

Modern search engines provide the ability to connect a semantic analyzer to a generated query. With its help, you can enter a word and select documents in which derivatives of this word are found in various cases, tenses, etc.

Security questions

1. How are documents searched using keywords? In a directory system?

Tasks for independent completion

6.8 Practical task. Compare search results for documents by keyword using different search engines (use the integrated search engine Gogle).

6.9 Practical task. Find the WinAmp media player file on the file archive servers.

Greetings, dear readers! In this article, we will look at various ways to surf the Internet efficiently and quickly. There is a lot of information on all sorts of topics on the World Wide Web.

For this reason, the search may become more difficult. It can be made easier by using certain methods. What are the rules for making a request?

How to enter into the search bar exactly the phrase that will give you the most accurate information?

Sometimes the search engine doesn't find any information at all. Let's look at simple rules for successful information retrieval.

When a search engine returns a large number of links to resources, you need to write your query in more detail and in more detail. With a huge number of search results options, this will help you highlight exactly what you need.

If no matches were found in the search results, simplify the initial search phrase. Although in practice it can be problematic to choose the right way to search for information.

There are 2 types of information search on the Internet.

1. Search for singular information

For example, this could include a query like this: “Which city is the capital of Portugal?” To get an answer to it, enter in your query: the capital of Portugal (for the search engine it does not matter whether you enter a capital or lowercase letter in the word - Portugal, which you can easily check if you wish). Press the Enter key and get the answer:

The search results shown in Fig. 1 may differ depending on the search engine and browser you choose.

Or this: “What was the name of the writer Chekhov?” To get an answer, you can slightly change the request, for example, enter in the browser: the middle name of the writer Chekhov, after which the search engine provides answers.

Another option: “In what year were the first Olympic Games held?” You can simplify it and enter the following query in your browser: the date of the first Olympic Games.

In this case, we find some specific information. For example, it can be in the form of a name, date or number.

2. Finding plural information

An example of this method of searching for information could be a query of the following type: “Which sports nutrition stores are located in the city of Minsk?” If you wish, you can simplify it and enter the following query: sports nutrition stores in Minsk. As we can see, in the proposed version we already need to find not one piece of information, but several (2 or more sports nutrition stores).

These methods differ in that in the first of them the search result will be located on a specific page of one website, and in the second - on different pages of several websites.

Let's look at specific examples. First, consider the case of searching for singular information.

For example, you need to find out the place and date of birth of Pushkin. What phrase should be entered into the search field of the Yandex or Google system? Most likely, those users who are little familiar with effective ways to search for information on the Internet will enter the following option: “Place and date of birth of Pushkin.” As a result, we get that on one web page we find out only the place of his birth, and on the other - the date.

The first way to find plural information

But our goal is to find complete information on one single web page. Let’s rephrase our search phrase into another option: “Pushkin was born.” In the very first search links we find out when and where this greatest Russian poet was born. You don't even need to follow links to other sites. The information we need will be on the main web page of the search engine.

The search results shown in Fig. 2 may differ depending on the search engine and browser you choose.

This method of searching for information will not only save your time, but also Internet traffic. Thanks to such a property of search engines as relevance, the search results display the closest documents on a given topic, which simplifies the search and saves the Internet user’s time.

2nd way to find plural information

To use this method, you need to understand that the initial data may come from different areas. To find a more accurate option, enter as many names as possible in the search phrase. For this purpose, individual words or phrases are used.

For example, let’s enter the following query: “Purchase, washing machine, LG, white, Perm.” Thus, information will be found on the purchase of a white LG washing machine in the city of Perm. You may notice that all search words for this query are in the singular and nominative case. This is necessary to ensure that exactly what you need is displayed in the search results.

You can use other cases, declensions and numbers of the Russian language, but in this case you can enclose the search words in quotation marks. This technique will lead to the fact that the search results will be specific, that is, exactly in the form in which they were indicated in quotation marks.

A query enclosed in quotation marks is a signal to the search engine that it is necessary to look for an exact match to this query, that is, the most relevant one.

Thanks for your attention, friends. We got acquainted with 3 ways to search for information:

• search for singular information,
• search for plural information,
• use of quotation marks.

And in order for this theoretical information to benefit you, of course, you should apply it in practice. To do this, we are opening right now

Searching for information is one of the tasks that every Internet user has to solve.

When starting to search for data on the Internet, it is worth determining search purpose. It is useful to answer the following questions for yourself:

• Do you know the addresses of network resources where you can start your search?
• What do you already know about the problem you are looking for information about?
• What keywords should you start your search with?
• How much time are you willing to spend searching for the data you need?

There are three main ways to search for information on the Internet:

Method 1: Specifying the page address
This is the fastest search method, but it can only be used if you know exactly the address of the document or the site where the document is located.

Method 2: Navigation via hyperlinks
This is the least convenient method, since it can be used to search for documents that are only close in meaning to the current document. But this method is very simple and suitable for a novice user.

Method 3: Accessing a search engine
Special search engines (also called search engines) come to the rescue.
The result of the request is a list of links to Web pages, next to which there are specified text fragments. Most popular search engines: Yandex (yandex.ru), Google (google.ru) and Rambler (rambler.ru).The query languages ​​of different search engines are somewhat different from each other.
Yandex search engine

• H To find information using the Yandex search engine, open the main page. The line for entering a search query is located at the top of the page, in the area highlighted with a yellow background.