PC won't load windows. Windows OS does not load. When replacing RAM

Situations often arise when the Windows XP operating system suddenly stops loading. There can be many reasons for this, and each specific problem requires an individual solution. However, if the user knows why the computer may malfunction, then he can easily solve the problem on his own. All possible reasons for failure can be divided into two groups:

Hardware - something has broken inside the computer, and Windows no longer works;
Software - software errors have arisen in the OS itself that interfere with the correct operation of the system;

It is also worth paying attention to at what stage the OS does not load, that is, what manages to appear on the screen, and after what particular event you detect a failure. In this case, we will consider a situation where Windows XP no longer starts after the splash screen appears.

What can you do

The very first method you need to resort to is loading the system's last known known configuration. After all, the cause of the malfunction may simply be that you, for example, installed an incorrect program or driver on your computer, due to which the OS does not load normally. Accordingly, for normal operation of the system, you need to return it to the moment when these tools were not installed. There is a special section in the system registry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINES\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet, where information about the last problem-free boot is recorded. It is with the help of this partition that Windows will determine the last known good configuration and boot based on it.

Another option is to run Windows XP in Safe Mode.

With this method, only the minimum required set of software tools for running Windows is loaded, and none of the auxiliary programs are loaded.

If you were unable to boot your system as usual, but it booted into Safe Mode without any problems, this is an indication that you most likely recently installed some software on your computer that is causing your system to fail. starts.

After starting the computer in safe mode, you should restore Windows XP. To do this, you need to run the recovery utility, which is located in the All Programs/Accessories/Utilities/System Restore directory. It takes so-called snapshots of important system files, and saves the resulting information in the form of restore points at which the system boots normally (more precisely, it booted before the problem occurred). Points can be created manually, but periodically they are created automatically (for example, after installing new software). You need to select the desired point and then start the recovery process. Upon completion, the computer will restart.

If all else fails

If previous attempts have failed and your system still won't boot, your last resort may be to restore your system using the installer. In order to do this, you will need a Windows XP installation disc. Insert it into the drive, enter the BIOS and set it to boot from it. . If a window appears on the screen asking you to press any key to continue working, then do just that. The Windows XP operating system installation window will appear. You will need the first item, by selecting which you will begin installing Windows XP on your computer. First of all, a license agreement will be displayed on the screen, which you must accept, otherwise you will not be able to install the OS.

In the next step, the message “Searching for previous versions of Microsoft Windows...” will appear at the bottom of the screen. Thus, the program determines what it needs to do next - install the system on the computer or launch a recovery mechanism for an already installed OS. There is one rather important nuance here - for the recovery procedure to be successful, you will need a disk with exactly the same copy of Windows that you had previously installed. This is due to the fact that each operating system has its own serial number, which during the installation process is also checked for compliance with the previously installed copy.

Let's say the scan completed successfully and no compatibility issues were found. In this case, a message appears on the screen asking you to either restore your existing copy of Windows, or install a new copy on your hard drive, and not carry out the recovery procedure. Since we are interested in system recovery, we need to select the first item and then press the R key. If suddenly the installation wizard offers you only to install a new copy of Windows on your computer, do not agree - this will remove your OS from the computer and you will have to do the installation again.

If you did everything correctly, the program will begin the recovery procedure. From the outside it will look like installing a new OS on a computer, but in fact it is just restoring a damaged system. After all, the process does not affect computer user accounts, programs installed on the computer, or system registry data.

That's it, your computer now boots in normal mode. It is advisable to make sure that the correct device boot priorities have been set in the BIOS (because after restoring through the distribution kit, they have to be changed). The priority should be to start from the hard drive. If everything is correct, then Windows XP starts and works without failures.

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There is probably no need to explain that situations when the computer does not boot occur quite often. There may be a myriad of reasons that led to this. Now we will try to figure out why such situations arise and how to deal with them. Let's look at desktop computers rather than laptops, although in some cases the methods for solving the problem may be very similar.

Causes of download problems

First of all, in the question of why the computer does not boot, you need to understand that among the main reasons there are two main ones: physical damage to the components of the computer system and a malfunction of the software (in this case, Windows).

Both can cause serious problems. Let's look at the most common causes of failures and figure out how to eliminate the consequences.

Consequences of physical impact

As for damage to physical components, first you should pay attention to the initial stage of booting the PC. Probably everyone knows that when turned on, the system unit makes a characteristic sound (a single squeak). This indicates that all hardware components are in order. True, this is not always the case. The fact is that a hard drive failure is detected only after startup (the system does not see it).

Sometimes the system speaker may emit short and long squeaks. This is already worse. This can only mean one thing - some component is not working, has failed, or is simply incorrectly connected to the motherboard. The signals may vary for different BIOS versions. But all of them may indicate malfunctions in the operation of RAM, video card, central processor, etc. In some cases, there may be no signal at all.

In this case, it is recommended to remove the system unit panel and check whether all components are connected to the motherboard. It may well be that the device does not work not because of failure, but because the corresponding cable is damaged. Naturally, it is not possible to determine such a malfunction yourself, so you will have to turn to specialists.

There are often cases when the computer does not boot even when turned on. There may also be enough reasons for this. It is very likely that there is simply no power supply. It is worth checking the outlet or uninterruptible power supply. Sometimes, when a large number of electrical appliances are plugged into an extension cord, protection and much more may be triggered. You can check the battery that is installed on the motherboard. It is very possible that after replacing it, turning on and booting the computer will go as usual. Often no one pays attention to this, nevertheless the fact remains a fact.

In general, you should immediately check all cables, sockets, extension cords, etc. Maybe this is really the reason. That’s why it turns out that nothing starts, nothing loads, the computer is black and shows no signs of life.

Crash systems

Of course, you can replace the hardware, but with the operating system itself the situation is much worse, because no one obviously wants to reinstall the system, format the hard drive or partitions, which will entail data loss.

There are just a lot of reasons why Windows might crash: a sudden power outage, incorrect shutdown or shutdown, a software failure, the presence of viruses, damage to the hard drive, etc. The list is endless.

As for physical damage to the hard drive, the severity of the problem can only be determined after full testing of the surface and contacts. If it burns out, you know, you’ll have to shell out money for a new one, there’s nothing you can do about it. If the damage is minor, you can try to restore the damaged sectors. This will be discussed a little later.

Basic methods to correct the situation

As is already clear, in terms of hardware failure, when the computer does not boot, the black screen hangs constantly, the system unit does not make a sound, the solution would be a complete test of all components. It is very possible that reconnecting or replacing some of them will clarify the problem.

It is worth noting that in some cases, when the system does not detect the hard drive, the most trivial situation may occur. In the BIOS, the boot priority can be set to, say, CD/DVD/ROM first, the second device is a USB drive, etc. It is clear that when media of this type is inserted, the system will display a message stating that this is not a system drive.

It also happens that the computer does not boot from the Windows installation disk. Here you will have to check the disk itself. It is very possible that there are some scratches or other damage on it. By the way, perhaps the drive itself is damaged and simply does not work.

Now a few words about how to correct the situation when the computer does not boot, Windows 7 does not start, and in general it seems that nothing can be done.

Let’s say right away: don’t despair and panic. Bill Gates is not a stupid person at all. When creating his system, he left loopholes to restore the functionality of the operating systems, and today there are quite a lot of methods that allow you to quickly and effectively apply measures that can, so to speak, breathe new life into the system. Below we will describe the most common problems and methods for eliminating them specifically from the point of view of the Windows software shell.

Loading Last Known Good Configuration and Restoring the System

As a rule, even after very serious errors in the operation of Windows 7, as they say, it simply does not give up. On reboot (if everything is fine with boot records), testing occurs, and then in most cases a message is displayed about possible boot options, including loading the last known known configuration.

This happens because the system, as it were, remembers its last working state and offers to go to it, bypassing all the changes made before. In 90% of cases this helps. However, it also happens that the computer does not boot even if Windows self-healing, and the user eventually receives a message that such a configuration could not be loaded.

The same applies to using system restore, which may be offered when Windows starts. Sometimes it helps, sometimes it doesn't. In principle, both services are very similar. In this state of affairs, more effective measures will have to be taken.

Safe Mode

Many users, faced with a problem, for example, when the computer does not boot after updating Windows 7, clearly underestimate the benefits of safe mode, but it allows you to gain access to a fully functional system and fix many software errors.

To load safe mode after the system starts, you need to press and hold the F8 key. When the system boots, we can take care of our problem. In this case, you can check all the hardware components for functionality and the presence of the appropriate drivers, run a disk check for errors, and finally begin restoring the system.

System Restore

First of all, using the control panel, you need to go to the “Backup and Restore” section. It can also be accessed from the main Start menu under All Programs/Maintenance. Here you need to select a checkpoint (the last one created or one of those present in the list) and start the process itself. This, of course, can take quite a lot of time, but if you don’t want to reinstall, you’ll have to be patient.

Now let's say that after the updates the computer does not boot. In the same control panel, if you go to Windows Update, you can view the update log, in which, in fact, you will need to delete everything that was installed before the system crash, no matter whether these updates were installed automatically or in manual mode.

In many cases, this approach allows you to revive Windows without resorting to more serious methods, which not every user can handle.

Using the Recovery Console

If the above method does not produce results, you will have to use other methods. One of the most effective and radical methods when the computer does not boot is to use the recovery console, which is available either on the Windows 7 installation or emergency recovery disk.

To use such disks, of course, you should make the appropriate boot priority settings in the BIOS, indicating the CD/DVD-ROM first in the list.

The boot menu will show a "Welcome To Setup" screen, after which you will need to press the "R" key to go directly to the console (command line). It is worth considering that if more than one operating system is installed on the computer, folders with files will first be shown, and then a request will follow which system the user wants to work with. Now you just need to enter the number corresponding to the number of the selected system. Next, you may be asked to enter the administrator password, provided that you have one. Now about the teams. What and how to enter and what to use, we will now figure it out.

Recovering the Boot.ini file

As a rule, one of the reasons for a system crash is damage to the Boot.ini boot file, which is responsible for loading the system. To restore it, almost all systems use a tool called Bootcfg. Bootcfg/Rebuild is entered on the command line (not counting other tools for scanning its entries, redirecting actions, adding identifiers, etc.). It seems that, apart from the main recovery command, the average user does not need anything else.

Recovering the Master Boot Record

The master boot record contains tables of all logical partitions of the hard drive. The so-called primary loader places the active and boot sectors in the tables, after which, in fact, the system starts. If the boot record is damaged, the active sector simply will not be able to start the system.

To restore in this case, use the Fixmbr command, after which you enter the qualified name of the disk or partition. In the case of drive C, the command will look like Fixmbr\Device\HardDisc0.

Recovering the boot sector of the hard drive

The boot sector is a small partition on the hard drive for storing data in FAT32 or NTFS file systems for booting. If it is damaged, use the Fixboot\c: recovery command (provided that the “OS” was installed on drive C).

Quick system reinstallation

Again, let's consider a situation where, after updating Windows 7, the computer does not boot, and the system simply does not want to start. As a last resort, you can use the so-called quick reinstallation of the system in the same folder where the previous OS was installed. In some cases, this may correct errors.

After the system starts from the disk, the license agreement window will appear. You can agree to the terms by pressing the F8 key, after which you will be asked to select an installation method. Key "R" - restore the existing version, Esc - cancel the restoration and go to a new installation. In most cases, recovery proceeds without problems.

Virus check

Now a few words about another unpleasant situation, when the system does not start and the computer does not boot. A black screen may be a consequence of the spontaneous action of viruses that either prevent the system from booting or change boot records.

In this case, it is recommended to use utilities such as Kaspersky Rescue Disc or Dr. Web Rescue Disc. As is already clear, such programs start directly from the optical disk, but, what is most interesting, they are loaded even before the Windows OS starts. They have a graphical interface, so working with them is not difficult. It should be noted that in 99.99% of cases, such applications remove even those viruses that are simply impossible to remove using standard scanners installed on the system. After all, they can “hang” even in RAM. At the end of the check, the computer terminal is rebooted, and, hurray, the system works again as if nothing had happened.

Conclusion

So we looked at the question of what to do if the computer does not boot. It seems that some solutions to this problem will be useful to many users. Of course, it’s quite difficult to say right away, right away, why a computer or operating system won’t boot. But if you conduct a comprehensive test and find out the cause of the problem, then you can choose the most appropriate method to correct the situation.

We will fix errors in Windows 10. But approximately the same will need to be done in Windows XP, 7 and 8. In Windows 7 and later releases, the developers have improved the recovery system for startup problems. In older versions of the system, serious errors often have to be resolved by reinstallation.

Disable peripherals

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Try to remember what changes you recently made to the system: did you install new devices or switch something. There may be a problem with one of the hardware components. Try disabling:

USB drives.
Card readers.
Printers.
Scanners.
Cameras.
All other external devices.

If this does not help, disconnect the keyboard and mouse: you need to exclude all possible sources of malfunction.

It can also be caused by internal components, such as RAM. On a desktop PC, you can check the performance of the RAM by connecting the strips one by one.

Check power

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If the computer does not turn on at all, pay attention to the power cable and sockets. Don't forget the power switch on the back of your desktop computer.

If everything works at this level, but the computer still does not turn on, then most likely the problem is in the power supply, which you are unlikely to be able to fix yourself: you will have to replace it or have it repaired by a specialist.

It is possible that the computer turns on, but only for a short time. This is the same problem with the power supply.

Configure the disk to boot the system

Errors may appear during startup: An operating system wasn’t found. Try disconnecting any drives that don’t contain an operating system. Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart or Boot failure. Reboot and Select Proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device.

The BIOS or UEFI settings may be set to boot from an external device or other logical partition rather than from the system drive. You can restore default settings like this:

Restart your computer.
Immediately after restarting, press the system key, for example F2. This may be another key: usually during system boot it can be found at the bottom of the screen with the logo of the laptop or motherboard manufacturer.
In the settings, set the desired disk to the first place in the boot.
Select the Save and Exit option to save your changes.

If the above does not help, you will have to restore the system bootloader. To do this, you will need a bootable USB flash drive or recovery disk with a system of suitable capacity. How to make a bootable USB flash drive or disk, read Lifehacker about installing Windows.

Start the system from a flash drive or disk by selecting the desired option in the boot menu. In the Windows installation menu that opens, select “System Restore.”

From the recovery menu, select Troubleshooting → Advanced options → Startup Repair. After this, the system will try to automatically fix the bootloader. In most cases this solves the problem.

The same can be done manually via the command line, but it is better to select the automatic option so as not to aggravate the situation.

If this method does not help, the problem probably lies in the hardware: the hard drive is damaged.

From the recovery menu, select Troubleshooting → Advanced Options → Command Prompt.

At the command line, you need to enter the commands one after another: diskpart → list volume (be sure to remember the name of the Windows disk) → exit.

To check the disk for errors and damage, enter the command chkdsk X: /r (where X is the name of the Windows disk). The check usually takes quite a long time, you will have to wait.

Start Windows in Safe Mode

Due to a sudden shutdown of the computer during the installation of operating system updates, cleaning of viruses and unnecessary entries in the registry, or due to the fault of utilities to speed up Windows, system files may be damaged. In this case, a “blue screen of death” will appear when the system boots.

Try starting Windows in safe mode without loading drivers and programs in startup. If the computer is running in this mode, you will have to remove the drivers, perform a system rollback, and scan for viruses.

If you have restore points, this problem is quite easy to solve. You just need to roll back to the previous stable configuration.

Reinstall system files

The steps above may not help. Then you will have to reset Windows settings and reinstall the system while saving the files. Unfortunately, all programs will need to be reinstalled.

In the recovery environment, select Troubleshoot → Reset this PC → Keep my files → Reset.

The system will roll back to the original settings.

Unfortunately, sometimes you can encounter quite serious problems with turning on computers and starting operating systems, although until a certain point there were no signs of trouble. It happens that most often the computer turns on, but the operating system does not start. It is these situations that will be discussed further. Let's look at questions related to why the computer won't boot and what to do in such situations. There are several universal solutions here.

The computer turns on, but the operating system does not start: reasons

Among all the possible situations when failures occur at the loading stage, several typical cases can be identified.

There are three options:

a black screen appears;
Blue screen BSoD occurs;
The operating system starts, but cannot fully boot.

In the first case, when the computer does not start (the boot does not turn on), messages may appear on a black screen indicating physical or software problems. In the simplest case, when nothing serious happens, the system may report that, for example, the keyboard is missing (for desktop PCs). The simplest solution is to connect it and reboot.

If the computer turns on, but the boot does not start, and instead warnings about software failures or missing files appear on a black screen, there can be many reasons for this system behavior. Among them, first of all, we can highlight problems with the hard drive, damage to the operating system (accidental or intentional deletion of system components or registry entries), exposure to viruses, incorrect boot sector entries, RAM conflicts, etc. By the way, if a blue screen pops up, this mostly applies to the RAM or recently installed device drivers, which cause conflicts not at the software level, but at the physical level.

What to do if the computer does not boot and the operating system does not start for the above reasons? Depending on the situation, there are several solutions. To an uninitiated user, they may seem quite complicated, but in certain situations only they can be used to resuscitate the system. Therefore, you will have to spend both time and effort.

The computer turns on but does not boot: what to do first?

So, let's start with the simplest thing. Let's assume that a short-term technical failure has occurred in the system, for example due to incorrect shutdown or power surges.

As a rule, almost all Windows modifications used today usually automatically activate startup upon restart. If this does not happen, before starting the system you will have to use the F8 key to call up the additional boot menu (Windows 10 uses a different method).

The computer turns on, but the operating system does not start? There's no need to get upset. Here, in the simplest version, you can select the line to load the last working configuration. If everything is in order with the system components, the system will boot without problems. If this does not help, you will have to use the troubleshooting section, and sometimes even trying to boot into safe mode may be successful.

Possible viral infection

Unfortunately, viruses can also cause such situations. What to do if the computer does not turn on? Ways to solve this particular problem boil down to using a powerful one that could check for threats even before the OS itself starts.

Among the variety of anti-virus software, it is especially worth noting disk utilities that start directly from an optical media or USB device, have their own boot records and even a graphical interface like Windows. One of the most powerful tools is Kaspersky Rescue Disk. Its use can guarantee almost one hundred percent detection of viruses, even those hiding in RAM.

RAM conflicts

Now let's see what to do if the computer does not boot and instead a blue screen appears. As already mentioned, most often this indicates problems with drivers and RAM. We’re not touching the drivers yet, but let’s look at the RAM.

The proposed solution to the issue of if the computer does not boot is mainly designed for stationary PCs. In this situation, you should remove all memory sticks, and then insert them one by one and check the load. Perhaps one of them is the link that causes failures. This may occur when trims from different manufacturers are added.

If the system can somehow be loaded using the same safe mode, the RAM should immediately be checked using the Memtest86+ utility, which will help identify the true cause of the problem.

The system does not see the hard drive

Now the worst situation is when the computer does not boot. The causes and solutions may be related to the hard drive.

The hard drive may have both software and physical problems, although sometimes this is not even the case. The problem may be completely trivial: the user in the BIOS settings has set the priority for booting from a removable device, for example, from an optical disk, which is currently in the drive, but is not a system one. You just need to remove it and download again.

On the other hand, another problem that the computer does not start (the system does not start) may be due to the fact that the bootloader and the records of the corresponding sector are damaged. The solution to this situation will be discussed a little later. But in the simplest case, you can try to restore disk data using Recovery utilities.

Sometimes changing the settings of the primary BIOS input/output system also helps. Here you need to find the section related to setting up the hard drive, and in the SATA configuration parameters, deactivate the use of AHCI mode.

Finally, the hard drive may also have purely physical damage, and this cannot be done without outside intervention.

Using the installation disc

Many users clearly underestimate the help that the installation or system image can provide in solving problems associated with situations when the computer turns on, but the operating system does not load.

Firstly, almost any kit includes a so-called recovery console, with which you can eliminate many software failures, and secondly, you can use the command line here. This, by the way, is the most effective method. Next it will be clear how this works.

Problems with the BOOTMGR bootloader

It is believed that the most common problem when the computer turns on, but the operating system does not start, is damage to the Windows boot manager (Boot Manager). In this case, the system just writes that there is no system partition (it simply does not see the hard drive).

You can fix this problem by starting from the boot disk and going to the command line in the recovery console, to open which you press the “R” key. Next, you need to first use the check disk command and then fix (restore) boot records.

The whole sequence looks like this:

chkdsk c: /f /r;
Bootrec.exe /FixMbr;
Bootrec.exe /FixBoot.

After entering commands, punctuation marks are not placed, but the enter key is pressed. If for some reason executing these commands does not have a positive effect, you can alternatively use a complete rewrite of the boot sector, which is performed by the Bootrec.exe / RebuildBcd command. If the hard drive is not physically damaged, this should work, as they say, one hundred percent.

You can also use some third-party utilities. The most suitable program seems to be a tool called MbrFix, which is included in the Hiren’s Boot CD. After calling it, for example, for Windows 7, provided that this particular system is installed, and only on one disk (there is no partitioning), the following should be written:

MbrFix.exe /drive 0 fixmbr /win7.

This will save the user from having to make changes to boot records, and the boot will be restored.

Problems accessing the NTLDR file

When a message appears that a given component is missing from the system, a boot commit is first applied, as in the previous case.

However, if the result is not achieved, you will need to copy the original file to the root of the system partition. For example, if the drive is "C" and the drive is "E", the command would look like this:

E:\i386> copy ntldr C:\ (after copying, the system will boot without problems).

Damaged or missing HAL.dll file

If the computer turns on, but the operating system does not load in normal mode, the reason may be a damaged component HAL.dll (a corresponding notification may be displayed on the screen).

In this situation, you need to boot the system in safe mode, call the command console and write the following line in it:

C:\windows\system32\restore\rstrui.exe (then press the Enter key and restart).

Instead of a total

Here is a brief summary of everything that concerns solving the problem of the inability to start the operating system. Naturally, the issues that the cause could be low power, CMOS battery failure, loose cable connections, dust inside the system unit, or other malfunctions were not addressed here. But in software terms, the above methods work flawlessly.

At one point, an annoying and frightening nuisance can occur - the computer seems to turn on, but the loading stops at the display of the motherboard splash screen. Today we will tell you why this happens and how to deal with such a malfunction.

The first thing you need to remember when faced with the problem of freezing on the board logo is that the problem in most cases lies in the periphery. Hard drives are especially prone to this, especially those that are older than the motherboard. Sometimes the problem is a random glitch that can be easily fixed by resetting or updating the BIOS. In the remaining cases, the problem lies in the motherboard itself. Let's look at each reason in more detail.

Reason 1: BIOS settings failure

In some cases, the cause of freezing is problems in the BIOS boot parameters. This often happens when the computer crashes, an attempt is made to hot-wire an IDE hard drive, or there are problems with the firmware. If there is a problem with the BIOS settings, resetting them will help. You will find details on the necessary manipulations in the manual below (methods 2, 3, 4).

In addition to the material about resetting, let's add a life hack: leave the motherboard without a CMOS battery for a longer period than 10 minutes. The fact is that sometimes a residual charge may remain on the board elements, which does not deplete after the specified time, and it may take several hours or even a day to completely de-energize. If resetting the BIOS helped you, congratulations. Otherwise, move on to the next reasons described below.

Reason 2: Conflict with a peripheral device

The vast majority of cases of freezing on the logo are caused by a software conflict between the motherboard and peripherals and/or an element such as a GPU, network card, hard drive or one of the RAM sticks. In this case, it is necessary to find the culprit of the problem and either replace it, or carry out one of the specific manipulations we propose. But before you start searching, follow the verification procedure according to these instructions.

If the problem is with the board, go to Reason 3. If the board is working, then you should check the remaining components of the computer, following the algorithm below.

Disconnect your PC from the power supply. Then remove the side cover of the case to gain access to the motherboard.
Sequentially disconnect the hard drive, floppy drives and drives from the board. Then carefully remove the cards (video, audio and network, if available) from the connectors.
Leave only one stick of RAM, regardless of the number of slots. To be safe, you can move it to another slot.
Following safety precautions, connect your computer to the network. With a minimum set of equipment, the board should work normally.
Connect components to the board one at a time, starting with RAM and ending with disk drives. Using a brute force method, you will find the problematic element.
Attention! Do not try to connect a graphics card, sound card, network card, or IDE hard drive to a working motherboard! In this case, you risk damaging both the board and the connected device!

As a rule, problems are caused by hard drives, video cards and faulty RAM elements. Let's consider the necessary procedure for each device.

Hard drive
The most common cause of failures. In most cases, the disk simply fails; you can check it on another computer.

In addition, you can also try connecting the hard drive in IDE mode. To do this, follow this procedure.

If the problem is still observed, then you are most likely experiencing damage to the MBR and partition table. When you connect such a drive to another computer, you will most likely encounter the RAW file system format. What to do in this case, read here:

Network card
The second common culprit of freezing at startup is an external network card. This element is very sensitive to voltage surges or static electricity. If this component fails, it can make self-diagnosis impossible, and as a result, enter it into an endless loop, preventing it from loading further. The only solution in this case is to remove the problematic component.

Video card
Some GPUs conflict with boards, especially from little-known manufacturers. Sometimes the problem is caused by a discrepancy between the internal software of the latest video cards from Nvidia and some motherboard models from Gigabyte. Fortunately, there is a fairly simple solution - updating the BIOS. We describe the typical procedure in a separate manual.

If this procedure does not help, then the only option is to replace either the GPU or the motherboard.

USB devices
Sometimes a freeze when loading the BIOS occurs due to a problematic USB device, and often these are not flash drives or external HDDs at all - there are cases where the cause of the problem was a 3G modem connected to the computer for recharging. The suspect device should no longer be connected to the board.

RAM
RAM sticks can also fail, especially in the event of a strong power surge. If you find a non-working element, replace it with a similar one that functions correctly.