Show where the compressor is connected to the receiver. What types of receivers are there? Emergency stop of vessels and receivers

Most compressor stations, in addition to a machine that compresses gas to the required pressure, also include a metal container called a receiver. Often its size significantly exceeds the accompanying equipment. In this article you will find an explanation of why you need a receiver for a compressor, and by what parameters it is selected for a specific installation.

The purpose of the air container is directly related to the physical properties of compressed gases. The faster they lose pressure in the event of a flow, the smaller the volume they occupy. A receiver is needed in the compressor to perform the following functions:

• creating the necessary supply of air to supply the consumer without turning on the engine or in case of its unexpected stop;
• smoothing out pressure fluctuations, especially characteristic of piston machines;
• ensuring the convenience of regulating the output parameters of the gas coming from the compressor unit;
• reducing vibration, noise, peak load levels;
• collecting moisture and small mechanical inclusions contained in the gas.

Important! Often, the use of large air collectors saves energy consumption due to the rational operation of the electric motor.

The compressor tank is traditionally made made of corrosion-resistant steel. It is also possible to use certain types of plastic and high-strength rubber for small volumes and pressures. Receivers for mobile installations can reach 100 liters. The dimensions of stationary equipment are not limited in any way and are often measured in several cubic meters.

To fill the cylinder and flow air from it, one fitting is enough, but models with a separate gas inlet and outlet work better. In order to control pressure, some manufacturers additionally provide installation of a pressure gauge. For large containers this requirement is mandatory. For their inspection and cleaning, hatches are welded in.

The spatial arrangement of the receiver is selected depending on the convenience of the equipment layout horizontal or vertical. The first option gives greater stability to mobile units. The second provides better condensate separation and requires less installation space.

Receiver selection

The technical requirements for compressor receivers are quite stringent. As high pressure equipment they may pose a potential hazard. The most important characteristics that determine the permitted parameters for using the tank are:

• working pressure;
• temperature range;
• indicators of relative air humidity.

The rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels regulate the volume, frequency and method of their control tests for density and strength. They must be sealed, without visible defects and traces of external or internal corrosion.

From a technological point of view, an air compressor with a receiver is needed to ensure the operation of certain pneumatic equipment. What is important here is the required gas flow with the required pressure. This takes into account the operating mode with probable peak loads. All these indicators determine minimum receiver volume, capable of providing a stable air supply.

How to choose a receiver for a compressor that you already have? Take advantage special tables or calculation calculators.

Note! Simplified methods are based on averaged experimental data. It is believed that the cylinder for a compressor cannot be less than the volume of gas produced by it in 8 seconds of operation at normal loads.

An alternative option for choosing capacitive equipment based on compressor power. It gives the simplest dependency:

• 5 kW – up to 100 l;
• 10 kW – up to 300 l;
• 20 kW – up to 550 l.

All other values ​​are obtained by interpolation.

Making and connecting an additional receiver with your own hands

It is not uncommon for a small workshop to need to accommodate new pneumatic equipment that the old air blower can no longer handle. You can try to solve this problem yourself if connect an additional receiver to the compressor. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to incur unjustified expenses when purchasing a standard container. Experienced craftsmen try to make do with improvised means.

In almost any household, old equipment designed to work under pressure often lies idle. You can make a receiver for a compressor with your own hands from a gas cylinder, a fire extinguisher or a piece of large-diameter seamless thick-walled pipe.

The most reliable is a homemade receiver made from a liquefied petroleum gas cylinder. To do this, the inlet valve is dismantled, after which the internal space is intensively washed or steamed. It is advisable to fill the container with water and allow the bottom sediments to dissolve in it for 24 hours. Only after this can gas cutting and welding be carried out on the body if necessary.

Fittings for connecting a pressure gauge, air inlet and outlet, and a drain valve for condensate removal are welded into the cylinder.

Advice! It is convenient to adapt handles and wheels for mobile installations or a stable support in case of stationary applications.

The connection to the compressor is made using metal pipes or hoses designed for high pressure. Assembled installation is required tested at maximum load, after which the optimal mode is selected for various situations.

Part 2. Rules for the safe operation of pressure vessels and receivers (8 bar, 10 bar, 11 bar, 13 bar, 15 bar, 40 bar, 330 bar)

4.6. Hydraulic (pneumatic) test

4.6.1. All receivers are subject to hydraulic testing after their manufacture.

Receivers, the manufacture of which is completed at the installation site, transported to the installation site in parts, are subjected to hydraulic testing at the installation site.

4.6.2. Receivers that have a protective coating or insulation are subjected to a hydraulic test before applying the coating or insulation.

Receivers with an outer casing are subjected to hydraulic testing before installing the casing.

It is allowed to subject enamelled receivers to a hydraulic test with working pressure after enameling.

4.6.3. Hydraulic testing of vessels and receivers, with the exception of cast ones, must be carried out with a test pressure determined by the formula

Where R - design pressure of the receiver, MPa (kgf/cm);

Permissible stresses for the material of the receiver or its elements, respectively, at 20 ° C and the design temperature, MPa (kgf/cm).

Attitude is taken according to the material used for the elements (shells, bottoms, flanges, fasteners, pipes, etc.) of the receiver for which it is the smallest.

4.6.4. Hydraulic testing of parts made from casting must be carried out with a test pressure determined by the formula

Testing of castings is allowed to be carried out after assembly and welding in an assembled unit or finished vessel with the test pressure adopted for vessels and receivers, subject to 100% control of castings by non-destructive methods.

Hydraulic testing of vessels and receivers and parts made of non-metallic materials with an impact strength of more than 20 J/cm2 (2 kgf m/cm2) must be carried out with a test pressure determined by the formula

Hydraulic testing of vessels and receivers and parts made of non-metallic materials with an impact strength of 20 J/cm2 (2 kgf m/cm2) or less must be carried out with a test pressure determined by the formula

4.6.5. Hydraulic testing of cryogenic vessels and receivers in the presence of vacuum in the insulating space should be carried out with a test pressure determined by the formula

.

Hydraulic testing of metal-plastic vessels and receivers should be carried out with a test pressure determined by the formula

,

Where - ratio of the mass of the metal structure to the total mass of the receiver;

a = 1.3 - for non-metallic materials with impact strength more than 20 J/cm2;

a = 1.6 - for non-metallic materials with an impact strength of 20 J/cm2 or less.

4.6.6. Hydraulic testing of vertically installed vessels and receivers can be carried out in a horizontal position, provided that the strength of the receiver body is ensured, for which strength calculations must be performed by the receiver project developer, taking into account the adopted method of support during the hydraulic test.

In this case, the test pressure should be taken taking into account the hydrostatic pressure acting on the vessel during its operation.

4.6.7. In combined receivers with two or more working cavities designed for different pressures, each cavity must be subjected to a hydraulic test with a test pressure determined depending on the design pressure of the cavity.

The test procedure must be specified in the technical design and specified in the operating manual of the manufacturer's receiver.

4.6.8. When filling the receiver with water, the air must be completely removed.

4.6.9. For hydraulic testing of vessels and receivers, water with a temperature of not lower than 5 °C and not higher than 40 °C should be used, unless the technical specifications indicate a specific temperature value allowed to prevent brittle fracture.

The temperature difference between the receiver wall and the ambient air during testing should not cause moisture condensation on the surface of the receiver walls.

By agreement with the receiver project developer, another liquid can be used instead of water.

4.6.10. The pressure in the test vessel should be increased gradually. The rate of pressure rise must be indicated: for testing the receiver at the manufacturer - in the technical documentation, for testing the receiver during operation - in the operating manual.

The use of compressed air or other gas to increase pressure is not permitted.

4.6.11. The test pressure should be monitored by two pressure gauges. Both pressure gauges are selected of the same type, measurement limit, identical accuracy classes, and division values.

4.6.12. The holding time of the receiver under test pressure is set by the project developer. If there are no instructions in the project, the holding time must be no less than the values ​​​​specified in the table. 9.

Table 9

4.6.13. After holding under test pressure, the pressure is reduced to the design pressure, at which the outer surface of the receiver and all its detachable and welded connections are inspected.

Tapping the walls of the housing, welded and detachable connections of the receiver during testing is not allowed.

4.6.14. The vessel is considered to have passed the hydraulic test if the following is not detected:

leaks, cracks, tears, sweating in welded joints and on the base metal;

leaks in detachable connections;

visible residual deformations, pressure drop on the pressure gauge.

4.6.15. The vessel and its elements in which defects are identified during testing, after their elimination, are subjected to repeated hydraulic tests with test pressure established by the Rules.

4.6.16. The hydraulic test carried out at the manufacturer must be carried out on a special test bench that has appropriate fencing and meets the safety requirements and instructions for conducting hydrotests in accordance with the ND.

4.6.17. A hydraulic test may be replaced by a pneumatic test, provided that this test is controlled by the acoustic emission method or another method agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

Pneumatic tests must be carried out in accordance with instructions that provide the necessary safety measures and are approved in the prescribed manner.

Pneumatic testing of the receiver is carried out with compressed air or inert gas.

4.6.18. The test pressure value and test results are entered into the receiver passport by the person who carried out these tests.

4.7. Assessment of the quality of welded joints

4.7.1. The following defects are not allowed in welded joints of vessels and receivers and their elements:

cracks of all types and directions located in the weld metal, along the fusion line and in the heat-affected zone of the base metal, including microcracks detected during microexamination of the control sample;

lack of penetration (lack of fusion) in welds located at the root of the weld, or along the cross-section of the welded joint (between individual beads and layers of the weld and between the base metal and the weld metal);

the possibility of allowing local lack of penetration in welded joints of vessels and receivers is stipulated in the RD, agreed upon in the prescribed manner;

undercuts of the base metal, pores, slag and other inclusions, the dimensions of which exceed the permissible values ​​​​specified in the RD;

sagging (sagging);

unsealed craters and burns;

displacement of edges beyond the norms provided for by the Rules.

4.7.2. The quality of welded joints is considered unsatisfactory if, during any type of inspection, internal or external defects are found in them that go beyond the limits established by the Rules and Specifications.

4.7.3. Defects discovered during the manufacturing process must be eliminated, followed by inspection of the corrected areas. The methods and quality of defect correction must ensure the necessary reliability and safety of the receiver.

4.8. Correction of defects in welded joints

4.8.1. Unacceptable defects discovered during manufacturing (pre-manufacturing), reconstruction, installation, repair, adjustment, testing and operation must be eliminated with subsequent inspection of the corrected areas.

4.8.2. The technology for correcting defects and the control procedure are established by the ND, developed in accordance with the requirements of the Rules and ND.

4.8.3. Deviations from the accepted defect correction technology must be agreed upon with its developer. Removal of defects should be carried out mechanically, ensuring smooth transitions in sampling areas. The maximum dimensions and shape of samples to be welded are established by the ND.

It is allowed to use thermal cutting (gouging) methods to remove internal defects followed by mechanical processing of the surface of the sample.

The completeness of defect removal must be checked visually and by non-destructive testing (capillary or magnetic particle flaw detection or etching) in accordance with the requirements of the ND.

4.8.4. Correction of defects without welding the sampling points is allowed if the minimum permissible wall thickness of the part is maintained at the location of the maximum sampling depth.

4.8.5. If defects are found during inspection of the corrected area, then it is allowed to carry out a second correction in the same order as the first.

Correction of defects in the same area of ​​a welded joint may be carried out no more than three times.

Joints cut along the weld with removal of the weld metal and heat-affected zone are not considered re-corrected.

4.9. Documentation and labeling

4.9.1. Each vessel must be supplied by the manufacturer to the customer with a passport in the prescribed form.

An instruction manual is attached to the passport.

The receiver's passport must be drawn up in Russian and, at the customer's request, in another language.

It is allowed to attach printouts of calculations made on a computer to the passport.

Elements of vessels and receivers (bodies, shells, bottoms, covers, tube sheets, body flanges, enlarged assembly units) intended for reconstruction or repair must be supplied by the manufacturer with a certificate of workmanship containing information in accordance with the requirements of the relevant sections of the passport.

4.9.2. A label must be attached to each container. For vessels and receivers with an outer diameter of less than 325 mm, it is permissible not to install a sign. In this case, all the necessary data must be applied to the receiver body using the electrographic method.

4.9.3. The plate must contain:

trademark or name of the manufacturer;

name or designation of the receiver;

serial number of the receiver according to the manufacturer's numbering system;

year of manufacture;

working pressure, MPa;

design pressure, MPa;

test pressure, MPa;

permissible maximum and (or) minimum operating wall temperature, °C;

receiver weight, kg.

For vessels and receivers with independent cavities that have different design and test pressures and wall temperatures, these data should be indicated for each cavity.

V. Fittings, instrumentation, safety devices

5.1. General provisions

5.1.1. To control operation and ensure safe operating conditions, receivers, depending on their purpose, must be equipped with:

shut-off or shut-off and control valves;

devices for measuring pressure;

instruments for measuring temperature;

safety devices;

liquid level indicators.

5.1.2. Receivers equipped with quick-release lids must have safety devices that prevent the possibility of the receiver being turned on under pressure when the lid is not completely closed and opening it when there is pressure in the vessel. Such receivers must also be equipped with locks with a key mark.

5.2. Shut-off and shut-off and control valves

5.2.1. Shut-off and shut-off and control valves must be installed on fittings directly connected to the vessel, or on pipelines supplying the vessel and discharging the working medium from it. In the case of a series connection of several vessels and receivers, the need to install such fittings between them is determined by the project developer.

5.2.2. The fittings must have the following markings:

manufacturer's name or trademark;

nominal diameter, mm;

conditional pressure, MPa (working pressure and permissible temperature may be indicated);

direction of medium flow;

brand of body material.

5.2.3. The quantity, type of fittings and installation location must be selected by the receiver project developer based on specific operating conditions and the requirements of the Rules.

5.2.4. The flywheel of the shut-off valve must indicate the direction of its rotation when opening or closing the valve.

5.2.5. Receivers for explosive, flammable substances, substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes according to GOST 12.1.007-76, as well as evaporators with fire or gas heating must have a check valve on the supply line from the pump or compressor, which is automatically closed by pressure from the receiver . A check valve must be installed between the pump (compressor) and the shut-off valves of the receiver.

5.2.6. Fittings with a nominal bore of more than 20 mm, made of alloy steel or non-ferrous metals, must have a passport of the established form, which must indicate data on the chemical composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment modes and the results of quality control of manufacturing using non-destructive methods.

Reinforcement that is marked, but does not have a passport, may be used after an inspection of the reinforcement, testing and verification of the grade of material. In this case, the owner of the valve must draw up a passport.

5.3. Pressure gauges

5.3.1. Each vessel and independent cavities with different pressures must be equipped with direct-acting pressure gauges. The pressure gauge is installed on the receiver fitting or pipeline between the vessel and the shut-off valve.

5.3.2. Pressure gauges must have an accuracy class of at least: 2.5 - at a receiver operating pressure of up to 2.5 MPa (25 kgf/cm2), 1.5 - at a receiver operating pressure above 2.5 MPa (25 kgf/cm2).

5.3.3. The pressure gauge must be selected with a scale such that the limit for measuring working pressure is in the second third of the scale.

5.3.4. The owner of the receiver must mark a red line on the pressure gauge scale, indicating the operating pressure in the vessel. Instead of the red line, it is allowed to attach a metal plate painted red to the pressure gauge body and tightly adjacent to the glass of the pressure gauge.

5.3.5. The pressure gauge must be installed so that its readings are clearly visible to operating personnel.

5.3.6. The nominal diameter of the housing of pressure gauges installed at a height of up to 2 m from the level of the observation platform must be at least 100 mm, at a height of 2 to 3 m - at least 160 mm.

Installation of pressure gauges at a height of more than 3 m from the site level is not permitted.

5.3.7. A three-way valve or a device replacing it must be installed between the pressure gauge and the vessel, allowing periodic checking of the pressure gauge using a control valve.

In necessary cases, the pressure gauge, depending on the operating conditions and the properties of the medium in the vessel, must be equipped with either a siphon tube, or an oil buffer, or other devices that protect it from direct exposure to the medium and temperature and ensure its reliable operation.

5.3.8. On receivers operating under pressure above 2.5 MPa (25 kgf/cm2) or at ambient temperatures above 250 °C, as well as with explosive atmospheres or hazardous substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes according to GOST 12.1.007-76 Instead of a three-way valve, it is possible to install a separate fitting with a shut-off valve for connecting a second pressure gauge.

On stationary receivers, if it is possible to check the pressure gauge within the time limits established by the Rules by removing it from the receiver, installing a three-way valve or a device replacing it is not necessary.

On mobile receivers, the need to install a three-way valve is determined by the receiver project developer.

5.3.9. Pressure gauges and pipelines connecting them to the vessel must be protected from freezing.

5.3.10. The pressure gauge is not allowed for use in cases where:

there is no seal or stamp indicating verification;

the verification period has expired;

when it is turned off, the arrow does not return to the zero scale reading by an amount exceeding half the permissible error for this device;

the glass is broken or there is damage that may affect the accuracy of its readings.

5.3.11. Checking of pressure gauges with their sealing or branding must be carried out at least once every 12 months. In addition, at least once every 6 months, the owner of the receiver must carry out an additional check of the working pressure gauges with a control pressure gauge and record the results in the control check log. In the absence of a control pressure gauge, it is allowed to carry out an additional check with a proven working pressure gauge that has the same scale and accuracy class as the pressure gauge being tested.

The procedure and timing for checking the serviceability of pressure gauges by maintenance personnel during the operation of vessels and receivers should be determined by the instructions for the operating mode and safe maintenance of vessels and receivers, approved by the management of the organization that owns the receiver.

5.4. Temperature measuring instruments

5.4.1. Receivers operating at varying wall temperatures must be equipped with instruments for monitoring the speed and uniformity of heating along the length and height of the receiver and benchmarks for monitoring thermal movements.

The need to equip vessels and receivers with the specified devices and benchmarks, as well as the permissible rate of heating and cooling of vessels and receivers, are determined by the project developer and indicated by the manufacturer in the receiver’s passport or in the operating manual.

5.5. Pressure protection devices

5.5.1. Each vessel (combined receiver cavity) must be equipped with safety devices to prevent pressure from increasing above the permissible value.

5.5.2. The following are used as safety devices:

spring safety valves;

lever-weight safety valves;

pulse safety devices (IPU), consisting of a main safety valve (GPV) and a direct-acting pulse control valve (IPC);

safety devices with degradable membranes (membrane safety devices - MPU);

other devices, the use of which has been approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.

Installation of lever-weight valves on mobile receivers is not permitted.

5.5.3. The design of the spring valve must exclude the possibility of tightening the spring beyond the specified value, and the spring must be protected from unacceptable heating (cooling) and direct exposure to the working environment if it has a harmful effect on the spring material.

5.5.4. The design of the spring valve must include a device for checking the proper operation of the valve in operating condition by forcing it to open during operation.

It is allowed to install safety valves without a device for forced opening, if the latter is undesirable due to the properties of the medium (explosive, flammable, hazard classes 1 and 2 according to GOST 12.1.007-76) or according to the conditions of the technological process. In this case, checking the operation of the valves should be carried out on stands.

5.5.5. If the operating pressure of the receiver is equal to or greater than the pressure of the supply source and the possibility of an increase in pressure from a chemical reaction or heating in the vessel is excluded, then installing a safety valve and pressure gauge on it is not necessary.

5.5.6. A vessel designed for a pressure less than the pressure of the source supplying it must have an automatic reducing device on the supply pipeline with a pressure gauge and a safety device installed on the side of lower pressure after the reducing device.

If a bypass line is installed, it must also be equipped with a reducing device.

5.5.7. For a group of vessels and receivers operating at the same pressure, it is allowed to install one reducing device with a pressure gauge and a safety valve on the common supply pipeline up to the first branch to one of the vessels and receivers.

In this case, the installation of safety devices on the receivers themselves is not necessary if the possibility of pressure increase in them is excluded.

5.5.8. In cases where the automatic reducing device cannot operate reliably due to the physical properties of the working medium, it is permissible to install a flow regulator. In this case, protection against pressure increase must be provided.

5.5.9. The number of safety valves, their dimensions and capacity must be selected according to calculations so that pressure does not build up in the vessel exceeding the design pressure by more than 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf/cm2) for vessels and receivers with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa (3 kgf/cm2), by 15% - for vessels and receivers with pressure from 0.3 to 6.0 MPa (from 3 to 60 kgf/cm2) and by 10% - for vessels and receivers with pressure over 6, 0 MPa (60 kgf/cm2).

When safety valves are operating, it is allowed to exceed the pressure in the vessel by no more than 25% of the operating pressure, provided that this excess is provided for by the design and is reflected in the receiver’s passport.

5.5.10. The capacity of the safety valve is determined in accordance with the ND.

5.5.11. The safety device must be supplied by the manufacturer with a passport and operating instructions.

The passport, along with other information, must indicate the valve’s flow coefficient for compressible and incompressible media, as well as the area to which it is assigned.

5.5.12. Safety devices must be installed on pipes or pipes directly connected to the vessel.

Connecting pipelines of safety devices (supply, discharge and drainage) must be protected from freezing of the working environment in them.

When installing several safety devices on one branch pipe (pipeline), the cross-sectional area of ​​the branch pipe (pipeline) must be at least 1.25 times the total cross-sectional area of ​​the valves installed on it.

When determining the cross-section of connecting pipelines with a length of more than 1000 mm, it is also necessary to take into account the value of their resistance.

Sampling of the working medium from the pipes (and in sections of connecting pipelines from the receiver to the valves) on which safety devices are installed is not allowed.

5.5.13. Safety devices must be placed in places accessible for their maintenance.

5.5.14. Installation of shut-off valves between the vessel and the safety device, as well as behind it, is not permitted.

5.5.15. The fittings in front of (behind) the safety device can be installed provided that two safety devices are installed and locked to prevent them from being turned off simultaneously. In this case, each of them must have the capacity provided for in clause 5.5.9 of the Rules.

When installing a group of safety devices and fittings in front of (behind) them, the blocking must be performed in such a way that, in case of any valve shutdown option provided for by the design, the remaining switched on safety devices have the total capacity provided for in clause 5.5.9 of the Rules.

5.5.16. The discharge pipelines of safety devices and impulse lines of the IPU in places where condensate may accumulate must be equipped with drainage devices to remove condensate.

The installation of shut-off devices or other fittings on drainage pipelines is not permitted. The media escaping from safety devices and drains must be diverted to a safe place.

Discharged toxic, explosive and fire-hazardous process media must be sent to closed systems for further disposal or to organized combustion systems.

It is prohibited to combine discharges containing substances that, when mixed, can form explosive mixtures or unstable compounds.

5.5.17. Diaphragm safety devices are installed:

instead of lever-load and spring safety valves, when these valves cannot be used in the operating conditions of a particular environment due to their inertia or other reasons;

in front of safety valves in cases where safety valves cannot operate reliably due to the harmful effects of the working environment (corrosion, erosion, polymerization, crystallization, sticking, freezing) or possible leaks through a closed valve of explosive and fire hazardous, toxic, environmentally harmful, etc. . substances. In this case, a device must be provided to monitor the serviceability of the membrane;

in parallel with safety valves to increase the capacity of pressure relief systems;

on the outlet side of the safety valves to prevent harmful effects of working media from the discharge system and to eliminate the influence of back pressure fluctuations from this system on the accuracy of the safety valves.

The necessity and location of installation of membrane safety devices and their design are determined by the design organization.

5.5.18. Safety membranes must be marked, and the marking must not affect the accuracy of operation of the membranes.

name (designation) or trademark of the manufacturer;

membrane lot number;

membrane type;

nominal diameter;

working diameter;

material;

minimum and maximum response pressure of membranes in a batch at a given temperature and at a temperature of 20 °C.

Marking must be applied along the edge annular section of the membranes, or the membranes must be equipped with marking shanks (labels) attached to them.

5.5.19. Each batch of membranes must have a passport issued by the manufacturer.

name and address of the manufacturer;

membrane lot number;

membrane type;

nominal diameter;

working diameter;

material;

minimum and maximum response pressure of membranes in a batch at a given temperature and at a temperature of 20 ° C;

number of membranes in a batch;

name of the regulatory document in accordance with which the membranes are manufactured;

name of the organization according to the technical specifications (order) of which the membranes were manufactured;

warranty obligations of the manufacturer;

procedure for admitting membranes to operation;

sample membrane operation log.

The passport must be signed by the head of the manufacturing organization, whose signature is sealed.

The passport must be accompanied by technical documentation for anti-vacuum supports, clamping and other elements, assembled with which the membranes of this batch are allowed for operation. Technical documentation is not attached in cases where the membranes are manufactured in relation to fastening units that the consumer already has.

5.5.20. Safety membranes must be installed only in the mounting points intended for them.

Assembly, installation and operation of membranes must be carried out by specially trained personnel.

5.5.21. Safety membranes of foreign manufacture, manufactured by organizations not controlled by Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, can be allowed for operation only if there are special permits for the use of such membranes issued by Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia in the manner established by it.

5.5.22. Membrane safety devices must be placed in places that are open and accessible for inspection and installation and dismantling, connecting pipelines must be protected from freezing of the working medium in them, and the devices must be installed on branch pipes or pipelines directly connected to the vessel.

5.5.23. When installing a membrane safety device in series with a safety valve (in front of or behind the valve), the cavity between the membrane and the valve must be connected by an outlet tube with a signal pressure gauge (to monitor the serviceability of the membranes).

5.5.24. It is allowed to install a switching device in front of membrane safety devices if there is a double number of membrane devices, while ensuring that the receiver is protected from overpressure in any position of the switching device.

5.5.25. The procedure and timing for checking the serviceability of safety devices, depending on the conditions of the technological process, must be specified in the operating instructions for safety devices, approved by the owner of the receiver in the prescribed manner.

The results of checking the serviceability of safety devices and information about their settings are recorded in the shift log of the operation of vessels and receivers by the persons performing the specified operations.

5.6. Liquid level indicators

5.6.1. If it is necessary to control the liquid level in receivers that have an interface between media, level indicators must be used.

In addition to level indicators, receivers can be equipped with sound, light and other alarms and level locks.

5.6.2. Liquid level indicators must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and good visibility of this level must be ensured.

5.6.3. On receivers heated by flame or hot gases, in which the liquid level may drop below the permissible level, at least two direct-acting level indicators must be installed.

5.6.4. The design, number and installation locations of level indicators are determined by the receiver project developer.

5.6.5. Each liquid level indicator must be marked with acceptable upper and lower levels.

5.6.6. The upper and lower permissible levels of liquid in the vessel are set by the project developer. The height of the transparent liquid level indicator must be at least 25 mm below the lower and higher than the upper permissible liquid levels, respectively.

If it is necessary to install several height indicators, they should be placed so that they ensure continuity of liquid level readings.

5.6.7. Level indicators must be equipped with fittings (taps and valves) to disconnect them from the receiver and purify them with the discharge of the working medium to a safe place.

5.6.8. When used in level indicators as a transparent element of glass or mica, a protective device must be provided to protect personnel from injury when they rupture.

VI. Installation, registration, technical examination of vessels and receivers, permission to operate

6.1. Installation of vessels and receivers

6.1.1. receivers should be installed in open areas in places where there are no crowds of people, or in separate buildings.

6.1.2. It is allowed to install vessels and receivers:

in premises adjacent to industrial buildings, provided they are separated from the building by a main wall;

in production premises in cases provided for by industry safety rules;

with penetration into the ground, provided that access to the fittings is provided and the walls of the receiver are protected from soil corrosion and corrosion by stray currents.

6.1.3. It is not permitted to install vessels and receivers registered with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia in residential, public and domestic buildings, as well as in adjacent premises.

6.1.4. The installation of vessels and receivers must prevent the possibility of them tipping over.

6.1.5. The installation of vessels and receivers must provide the possibility of inspecting, repairing and cleaning them from the inside and outside.

For ease of servicing of vessels and receivers, platforms and stairs should be installed. Cradles and other devices can be used to inspect and repair vessels and receivers. The specified devices must not interfere with the strength and stability of the receiver, and their welding to the vessel must be carried out according to the design in accordance with the requirements of the Rules. Materials, design of stairs and platforms must comply with the current ND.

6.2. Registration of vessels and receivers

6.2.1. Receivers to which the Rules apply must be registered with the State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority of Russia before they are put into operation.

6.2.2. The following are not subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor authorities of Russia:

receivers of the 1st group, operating at a wall temperature not exceeding 200 °C, in which the product of pressure in MPa (kgf/cm2) and capacity in m3 (liters) does not exceed 0.05 (500), as well as receivers 2, 3, 4th group, operating at the temperature indicated above, in which the product of pressure in MPa (kgf/cm2) and capacity in m3 (liters) does not exceed 1.0 (10,000). The group of vessels and receivers is determined according to table. 5;

air separation and gas separation devices located inside the heat-insulating casing (regenerators, columns, heat exchangers, condensers, adsorbers, separators, evaporators, filters, subcoolers and heaters);

tanks of air electrical switches;

barrels for the transportation of liquefied gases, receivers with a capacity of up to 100 liters inclusive, permanently installed, as well as intended for transportation and (or) storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases;

generators (reactors) for producing hydrogen used by the hydrometeorological service;

receivers included in a closed oil and gas production system (from the well to the main pipeline), which include receivers included in the technological process of preparation for transportation and utilization of gas and gas condensate: separators of all separation stages, breaker separators (on the gas line, on flares), absorbers and adsorbers, condensate, absorbent and inhibitor degassing tanks, condensate collectors, control and metering receivers for oil, gas and condensate;

receivers for storing or transporting liquefied gases, liquids and granular bodies that are under pressure periodically when they are emptied;

receivers with compressed and liquefied gases designed to provide fuel to the engines of vehicles on which they are installed;

receivers installed in underground mine workings.

6.2.3. Registration of the receiver is carried out on the basis of a written application from the owner of the receiver. To register you must submit:

receiver passport of the established form;

certificate of installation quality;

diagram of the receiver switching on, indicating the pressure source, parameters, its working environment, fittings, instrumentation, automatic controls, safety and blocking devices. The scheme must be approved by the management of the organization;

safety valve data sheet with calculation of its capacity.

The installation quality certificate is drawn up by the organization that performed the installation and must be signed by the head of this organization, as well as the head of the organization that owns the receiver, and sealed.

The certificate must contain the following information:

name of the installation organization;

name of the organization that owns the receiver;

name of the manufacturer and serial number of the receiver;

information about the materials used by the installation organization, in addition to those indicated in the passport;

information about welding, including type of welding, type and brand of electrodes, heat treatment, heat treatment mode and diagrams;

names of welders and heat-thermists and numbers of their certificates;

test results of control joints (samples), as well as the results of non-destructive flaw detection testing of joints;

conclusion on the compliance of the installation work performed on the receiver with the Rules, design, technical specifications and operating instructions and its suitability for use with the parameters specified in the passport.

6.2.4. The Gosgortechnadzor body of Russia is obliged to review the submitted documentation within 5 days. If the documentation for the vessel complies with the requirements of the Rules, the Gosgortekhnadzor body of Russia puts a registration stamp in the receiver’s passport, seals the documents and returns them to the owner of the receiver. The refusal to register is communicated to the owner of the receiver in writing, indicating the reasons for the refusal and with reference to the relevant paragraphs of the Rules.

6.2.5. When moving the receiver to a new location or transferring the receiver to another owner, as well as when making changes to its connection circuit, the vessel must be re-registered with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia before putting it into operation.

6.2.6. To deregister a registered receiver, the owner is required to submit an application to the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia indicating the reasons for deregistration and the receiver’s passport.

6.2.7. To register vessels and receivers that do not have technical documentation from the manufacturer, a receiver passport can be drawn up by a specialized organization licensed by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia to conduct an examination of the industrial safety of technical devices (vessels and receivers).

6.2.8. Hazardous production facilities where pressure receivers are operated must be registered in the state register of hazardous production facilities in the manner established by the Rules for registering facilities in the state register of hazardous production facilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 24, 1998 N 1371*1
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*1 Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 1998. N 48. Art. 5939.

6.3. Technical examination

6.3.1. Receivers covered by the Rules must undergo technical inspection after installation, before putting into operation, periodically during operation and, if necessary, extraordinary inspection.

6.3.2. The scope, methods and frequency of technical inspections of vessels and receivers (with the exception of cylinders) must be determined by the manufacturer and indicated in the operating manual.

In the absence of such instructions, technical examination must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Table. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 Rules.

Table 10

Frequency of technical inspections of vessels and receivers in operation
and not subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor authorities of Russia

Table 11

Frequency of technical inspections of vessels and receivers registered
in the bodies of Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia

10 receivers of petrochemical enterprises working with an environment that causes destruction and physical and chemical transformation of the material (corrosion, etc.) at a rate of no more than 0.1 mm/year 6 years 6 years 12 years 11 receivers of petrochemical enterprises working with an environment causing destruction and physical and chemical transformation of the material (corrosion, etc.) at a rate of more than 0.1 mm/year to 0.3 mm/year 2 years 4 years 8 years 12 receivers of petrochemical enterprises working with an environment that causes destruction and physical and chemical transformation of material (corrosion, etc.) at a rate of more than 0.3 mm/year 12 months 4 years 8 years Notes: 1. Technical examination of vessels and receivers buried in the ground with a non-corrosive environment, as well as with liquid petroleum gas with a hydrogen sulfide content of no more than 5g/100 m can be produced without removing them from the pound and removing the outer insulation, provided that the thickness of the walls of vessels and receivers is measured using a non-destructive testing method. Wall thickness measurements must be made according to instructions specially compiled for this purpose. 2. Hydraulic testing of sulfite digesters and hydrolysis devices with internal acid-resistant lining may not be carried out provided that the metal walls of these boilers and devices are controlled by ultrasonic flaw detection. Ultrasonic flaw detection must be carried out during their overhaul, but at least once every five years according to instructions in a volume of at least 50% of the body metal surface and at least 50% of the length of the seams, so that 100% ultrasonic testing is carried out at least every 10 years. 3. Receivers manufactured using composite materials, buried in the ground, are inspected and tested according to a special program specified in the passport for the vessel. Table 12 Frequency of technical inspections of tanks and barrels that are in operation and not subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor bodies of Russia No. Name External and internal inspections Hydraulic pressure test 1 Tanks and barrels in which the pressure is higher than 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm) is created periodically to empty them 2 years 8 years 2 Barrels for liquefied gases that cause destruction and physical and chemical transformation of the material (corrosion, etc.) at a rate of no more than 0.1 mm/year 4 years 4 years 3 Barrels for liquefied gases that cause destruction and physical and chemical transformation of the material (corrosion, etc.) at a rate of more than 0.1 mm/year 2 years 2 years Table 13 Frequency of technical inspections of tanks in operation and registered with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. Name Responsible for implementation. production control by a specialist from an organization licensed by Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia (Article 6.3.3) external and internal inspections external and internal inspections hydraulic pressure test 1 Railway tanks for transporting propane-butane and pentane 10 years 10 years 2 Vacuum-insulated tanks - 10 years 10 years 3 Railway tanks, made of steel 09G2S and 10G2SD, heat-treated in assembled form and intended for transportation of ammonia 8 years 8 years 4 Tanks for liquefied gases, causing destruction and physical and chemical transformation of the material (corrosion, etc.) at a high speed more than 0.1 mm/year 12 months 4 years 8 years 5 All other tanks 2 years 4 years 8 years Table 14 Frequency of technical inspections of cylinders in operation and not subject to registration with the Gosgortechnadzor of Russia No. Name External and internal inspections Hydraulic pressure test 1 receivers in operation for filling with gases that cause destruction and physical and chemical transformation of the material (corrosion, etc.): at a rate of no more than 0.1 mm/year 5 years 5 years at a rate of more than 0. 1 mm/year 2 years 2 years 2 receivers designed to provide fuel to the engines of vehicles on which they are installed: a) for compressed gas: made of alloy steels and metal composite materials made of carbon steels and metal composite materials made of non-metallic materials b) for liquefied gas 5 years 3 years 2 years 2 years 5 years 3 years 2 years 2 years 3 receivers with a medium that causes destruction and physical and chemical transformation of materials (corrosion, etc.) at a rate of less than 0.1 mm/year, in which pressure above 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm) is created periodically to empty them 10 years 10 years 4 receivers installed permanently, as well as permanently installed on mobile vehicles in which compressed air, oxygen, argon, nitrogen are stored , helium with a dew point temperature of 35 °C and below, measured at a pressure of 15 MPa (150 kgf/cm) and above, as well as receivers with dehydrated carbon dioxide 10 years 10 years Table 15 Frequency of technical inspections of cylinders registered with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia N p/n Name Responsible for implementation. production control by a specialist from an organization licensed by Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia (6.3.3) external and internal inspections external and internal inspections hydraulic testing with test pressure 1 receivers installed permanently, as well as permanently installed on mobile vehicles in which compressed air, oxygen, nitrogen are stored, argon and helium with a dew point temperature of 35 °C and below, measured at a pressure of 15 MPa (150 kgf/cm) and above, as well as receivers with dehydrated carbon dioxide 10 years 10 years 2 All other receivers: with a medium that causes destruction and physical -chemical transformation of materials (corrosion, etc. ) at a rate of no more than 0.1 mm/year 2 years 4 years 8 years with an environment causing destruction and physical and chemical transformation of materials (corrosion, etc.) at a rate of more than 0.1 mm/year 12 months 4 years 8 years If, due to production conditions, it is not possible to present the vessel for inspection within the appointed time, the owner is obliged to present it ahead of schedule. Inspection of cylinders must be carried out according to a method approved by the developer of the cylinder design, which must indicate the frequency of inspection and rejection standards. During technical examination, it is allowed to use all non-destructive testing methods, including the acoustic emission method. 6.3.3. Technical examination of vessels and receivers that are not registered with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia is carried out by a person responsible for carrying out production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements during the operation of vessels and receivers operating under pressure. Primary, periodic and extraordinary technical examination of vessels and receivers registered with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia is carried out by a specialist from an organization licensed by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia to conduct an examination of the industrial safety of technical devices (vessels and receivers). 6.3.4. External and internal inspections are aimed at: during the initial examination, check that the vessel is installed and equipped in accordance with the Rules and the documents submitted during registration, and also that the vessel and its elements are not damaged; during periodic and extraordinary inspections, establish the serviceability of the receiver and the possibility of its further operation. The hydraulic test aims to check the strength of the receiver elements and the tightness of the connections. Receivers must be submitted for hydraulic testing with fittings installed on them. 6.3.5. Before internal inspection and hydraulic testing, the vessel must be stopped, cooled (warmed up), freed from the working medium filling it, and disconnected with plugs from all pipelines connecting the vessel with a pressure source or with other receivers. Metal receivers must be cleaned to bare metal. Receivers working with hazardous substances of hazard classes 1 and 2 according to GOST 12.1.007-76, before starting any work inside, as well as before internal inspection, must be thoroughly processed (neutralization, degassing) in accordance with the instructions on the safe conduct of work, approved by the owner of the receiver in the prescribed manner. Lining, insulation and other types of corrosion protection must be partially or completely removed if there are signs indicating the possibility of material defects in the structural elements of vessels and receivers (lining leaks, lining holes, traces of wet insulation, etc.). Electrical heating and the receiver drive must be turned off. In this case, the requirements of paragraphs must be met. 7.4.4, 7.4.5, 7.4.6 Regulations. 6.3.6. An extraordinary inspection of vessels and receivers in operation must be carried out in the following cases: if the vessel has not been in operation for more than 12 months; if the vessel was dismantled and installed in a new location; if bulges or dents have been straightened, as well as the receiver has been reconstructed or repaired using welding or soldering of pressure elements; before applying a protective coating to the walls of the receiver; after an accident of a receiver or elements working under pressure, if the scope of restoration work requires such a survey; at the request of the inspector of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia or the person responsible for supervising the implementation of production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements during the operation of vessels and receivers operating under pressure. 6.3.7. Technical inspection of vessels and receivers, tanks, cylinders and barrels can be carried out at special repair and testing points, in manufacturing organizations, filling stations, as well as in owner organizations that have the necessary base and equipment to carry out the inspection in accordance with the requirements of the Rules. 6.3.8. The results of the technical examination must be recorded in the receiver's passport by the person who carried out the examination, indicating the permitted operating parameters of the receiver and the timing of the next examinations. When conducting an extraordinary survey, the reason that necessitated such a survey must be indicated. If additional tests and studies were carried out during the examination, then the types and results of these tests and studies must be recorded in the receiver’s passport, indicating the places of sampling or areas subjected to testing, as well as the reasons that necessitated the need for additional tests. 6.3.9. On receivers recognized as fit for further operation during technical inspection, information is applied in accordance with paragraph. 6.4.4 Regulations 6.3.10. If during the examination defects are found that reduce the strength of the receiver, then its operation may be permitted at reduced parameters (pressure and temperature). The possibility of operating the receiver at reduced parameters must be confirmed by a strength calculation provided by the owner, while a verification calculation of the capacity of the safety valves must be carried out and the requirements of clause 5.5.6 of the Rules must be met. Such a decision is recorded in the receiver’s passport by the person who conducted the examination. 6.3.11. In case of detection of defects, the causes and consequences of which are difficult to establish, the person who carried out the technical examination of the receiver is obliged to require the owner of the receiver to conduct special studies, and, if necessary, submit a conclusion from a specialized organization on the causes of the defects, as well as on the possibility and conditions of further operation receiver. 6.3.12. If during a technical examination it turns out that the vessel, due to existing defects or violations of the Rules, is in a condition that is dangerous for further operation, the operation of such a receiver should be prohibited. 6.3.13. Receivers supplied assembled must be preserved by the manufacturer and the operating instructions indicate the conditions and terms of their storage. If these requirements are met, only external and internal inspections are carried out before commissioning; hydraulic testing of vessels and receivers is not required. In this case, the hydraulic test period is determined based on the date of issue of the permit to operate the receiver. Containers for liquefied gas before applying insulation to them should be subjected only to external and internal inspections if the manufacturer’s terms and conditions for their storage have been met. After installation at the site of operation, before backfilling with soil, these containers can only be subjected to external inspection if no more than 12 months have passed since the application of insulation and no welding was used during their installation. 6.3.14. Receivers operating under pressure of harmful substances (liquids and gases) of hazard classes 1 and 2 according to GOST 12.1.007-76 must be subjected to a leak test by the owner of the receiver with air or an inert gas under pressure equal to the operating pressure. Tests are carried out by the owner of the receiver in accordance with the instructions approved in the prescribed manner. 6.3.15. During external and internal inspections, all defects that reduce the strength of vessels and receivers should be identified, with special attention should be paid to identifying the following defects: on the surfaces of the receiver - cracks, tears, wall corrosion (especially in places of flanging and notches), bulges, otdulin (mainly in vessels and receivers with “jackets”, as well as in vessels and receivers with fire or electric heating), shells (in cast receivers); in welds - welding defects specified in paragraph. 4.5.17 Rules, tears, corrosion; in rivet seams - cracks between rivets, broken heads, traces of gaps, tears in the edges of riveted sheets, corrosion damage to rivet seams, gaps under the edges of riveted sheets and rivet heads, especially in vessels and receivers working with aggressive media (acid, oxygen, alkalis) etc.); in receivers with surfaces protected from corrosion - destruction of the lining, including leaks in the layers of lining tiles, cracks in the rubberized, lead or other coating, chipping of enamel, cracks and dents in the cladding layer, damage to the metal of the walls of the receiver in places of the external protective coating; in metal-plastic and non-metallic receivers - delamination and rupture of reinforcing fibers in excess of the standards established by a specialized organization. 6.3.16. The person conducting the survey may, if necessary, require the removal (full or partial) of the protective covering. 6.3.17. Before inspection, receivers with a height of more than 2 m must be equipped with the necessary devices to ensure safe access to all parts of the receiver. 6.3.18. Hydraulic testing of vessels and receivers is carried out only with satisfactory results of external and internal inspections. 6.3.19. Hydraulic tests must be carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in section. 4.6 of the Rules, with the exception of clause 4.6.12. In this case, the value of the test pressure can be determined based on the permitted pressure for the receiver. The vessel must remain under test pressure for 5 minutes, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. When hydraulic testing vertically installed vessels and receivers, the test pressure must be monitored using a pressure gauge installed on the top cover (bottom) of the receiver. 6.3.20. In cases where a hydraulic test is impossible (high stress from the weight of water in the foundation, interfloor ceilings or the vessel itself; difficulty in removing water; the presence of a lining inside the receiver that prevents the receiver from filling with water), it is allowed to replace it with a pneumatic test (air or inert gas). This type of test is allowed subject to its control by the acoustic emission method (or another method approved by the State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority of Russia). During pneumatic testing, precautions are taken: the valve on the filling pipeline from the pressure source and pressure gauges are taken outside the room in which the vessel being tested is located, and people are removed to a safe place during the test pressure test of the receiver. 6.3.21. The day for the technical inspection of the receiver is set by the owner and is pre-agreed with the person conducting the inspection. The vessel must be stopped no later than the inspection period specified in its passport. The owner is obliged to notify the person performing the specified work about the upcoming inspection of the receiver no later than 5 days in advance. If the inspector fails to appear on time, the administration is given the right to independently conduct an examination by a commission appointed by order of the head of the organization. The results of the examination and the date of the next examination are entered into the receiver’s passport and signed by the members of the commission. A copy of this record is sent to the Gosgortekhnadzor body of Russia no later than 5 days after the survey. The period for the next survey established by the commission should not exceed that specified in these Rules. 6.3.22. The owner is responsible for timely and high-quality preparation of the receiver for inspection. 6.3.23. Receivers in which the action of the environment can cause deterioration in the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the metal, as well as receivers in which the wall temperature during operation exceeds 450 ° C, must undergo additional examination in accordance with instructions approved by the organization in the prescribed manner. The results of additional examinations must be entered into the receiver's passport. 6.3.24. For vessels and receivers that have completed their design service life established by the design, manufacturer, other RD, or for which the design (permissible) service life was extended on the basis of a technical conclusion, the volume, methods and frequency of technical examination must be determined based on the results of technical diagnostics and determination of the residual resource , carried out by a specialized organization or organizations licensed by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia to conduct an examination of the industrial safety of technical devices (vessels and receivers). 6.3.25. If, during the analysis of defects identified during the technical examination of vessels and receivers, it is established that their occurrence is associated with the operating mode of vessels and receivers in a given organization or is characteristic of receivers of a given design, then the person conducting the examination must require an extraordinary technical examination of all equipment installed in this organization of vessels and receivers, the operation of which was carried out according to the same regime, or, accordingly, all vessels and receivers of a given design with notification of the Gosgortekhnadzor body of Russia. 6.3.26. The Gosgortekhnadzor body of Russia is given the right, in exceptional cases, to extend for a period of no more than 3 months the established deadlines for the technical examination of vessels and receivers upon a reasonable written request from the owner of the receiver. 6.4. Permission to put the receiver into operation 6.4.1. A permit to commission a receiver, subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, is issued by an inspector after its registration on the basis of a technical examination and inspection of the organization of maintenance and supervision, which monitors: the presence and serviceability in accordance with the requirements of these Rules of fittings, instrumentation and safety devices;

compliance of the receiver installation with safety regulations;

the receiver is turned on correctly;

availability of certified service personnel and specialists;

availability of job descriptions for persons responsible for carrying out production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements during the operation of vessels and receivers operating under pressure, responsible for the good condition and safe operation of vessels and receivers;

instructions for operating mode and safe maintenance, shift magazines and other documentation provided for by the Rules.

6.4.2. A permit to commission a receiver that is not subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia is issued by a person appointed by order of the organization to carry out production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements during the operation of vessels and receivers operating under pressure, based on the manufacturer’s documentation after technical examination and verification service organizations.

6.4.3. Permission to put the receiver into operation is recorded in its passport.

6.4.4. After the issuance of permission for its operation, each vessel must be painted in a visible place or on a special plate with a format of at least 200x150 mm:

registration number;

permitted pressure;

date, month and year of the next external and internal inspections and hydraulic tests.

6.4.5. A vessel (a group of vessels and receivers included in the installation) can be put into operation on the basis of a written order from the organization’s administration after meeting the requirements of paragraphs. 6.4.3, 6.4.4 Regulations

VII. Supervision, maintenance, maintenance and repair

7.1. Organization of supervision

7.1.1. The owner is obliged to ensure that vessels and receivers are maintained in good condition and that their operating conditions are safe.

For these purposes it is necessary:

by order, appoint from among the specialists who have passed the knowledge test of the Rules in the prescribed manner, responsible for the good condition and safe operation of vessels and receivers, as well as those responsible for the implementation of production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements during the operation of vessels and receivers operating under pressure.

The number of responsible persons for carrying out production control should be determined based on the calculation of the time required for the timely and high-quality performance of the duties assigned to these persons by their official position. An organizational order may appoint specialists responsible for the good condition of vessels and receivers and responsible for their safe operation;

appoint the required number of service personnel trained and certified to service vessels and receivers, and also establish a procedure so that the personnel assigned responsibilities for servicing vessels and receivers carefully monitor the equipment entrusted to them by inspecting it and checking its operation fittings, instrumentation, safety and blocking devices and maintaining vessels and receivers in good condition. The results of inspection and testing must be recorded in the shift log;

ensure that technical examinations and diagnostics of vessels and receivers are carried out in a timely manner;

ensure the procedure and frequency of testing knowledge by managers and specialists of the Rules;

organize periodic testing of staff knowledge of instructions on the operating mode and safe maintenance of vessels and receivers;

provide specialists with Rules and guidelines for the safe operation of vessels and receivers, and personnel with instructions;

ensure that specialists comply with the Rules, and service personnel comply with instructions.

7.1.2. An organization operating pressure receivers must develop and approve instructions for those responsible for the good condition and safe operation of vessels and receivers and those responsible for carrying out production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements during the operation of vessels and receivers.

When operating vessels and receivers, one should be guided by the regulatory documents of the List of current regulatory documents of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia annually approved by Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.

7.2.1. Persons who are trained, certified and have a certificate for the right to service vessels and receivers may be allowed to service vessels and receivers.

7.2.2. Training and testing of knowledge of personnel servicing receivers should be carried out in educational institutions, as well as in courses specially created by organizations.

7.2.3. Persons who have passed the exams are issued certificates indicating the name and parameters of the working environment of the vessels and receivers to which these persons are authorized to service.

The certificates are signed by the chairman of the commission.

Certification of personnel servicing receivers with quick-release covers, as well as receivers operating under the pressure of harmful substances of hazard classes 1, 2, 3 and 4 according to GOST 12.1.007-76, is carried out by a commission with the participation of an inspector from the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, in other cases the participation of an inspector not necessary in the work of the commission.

The Gosgortechnadzor body of Russia must be notified of the day of the examinations no later than 5 days in advance.

7.2.4. Periodic testing of the knowledge of personnel servicing receivers should be carried out at least once every 12 months. An extraordinary knowledge test is carried out:

when moving to another organization;

in case of changes to the instructions for the operating mode and safe maintenance of the receiver;

at the request of the inspector of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.

If there is a break in work in their specialty for more than 12 months, the personnel servicing the receivers, after testing their knowledge, must undergo an internship to restore practical skills before being allowed to work independently.

The results of testing the knowledge of service personnel are documented in a protocol signed by the chairman and members of the commission with a mark on the certificate.

7.2.5. Permission of personnel to independently maintain vessels and receivers is formalized by an order for the organization or an order for the workshop.

7.2.6. The organization must develop and approve in accordance with the established procedure instructions on the operating mode and safe maintenance of vessels and receivers. For vessels and receivers (autoclaves) with quick-release lids, the specified instructions must reflect the procedure for storing and using the key-mark. The instructions must be located at workplaces and issued against signature to service personnel.

Connection diagrams for vessels and receivers must be posted at work places.

7.3. Emergency stop of vessels and receivers

7.3.1. The vessel must be stopped immediately in cases provided for in the instructions for operating mode and safe maintenance, in particular:

if the pressure in the vessel has risen above the permitted level and does not decrease despite the measures taken by the personnel;

when detecting a malfunction of safety devices against pressure increase;

when leaks, bulges, or rupture of gaskets are detected in the vessel and its elements operating under pressure;

if the pressure gauge malfunctions and it is impossible to determine the pressure using other devices;

when the liquid level drops below the permissible level in fire-heated receivers;

if all liquid level indicators fail;

in case of malfunction of safety interlocking devices;

in the event of a fire that directly threatens a pressure vessel.

The procedure for emergency stop of the receiver and its subsequent commissioning must be indicated in the instructions.

7.3.2. The reasons for the emergency stop of the receiver must be recorded in the shift log.

7.4. Repair of vessels and receivers

7.4.1. To maintain the receiver in good condition, the owner of the receiver is obliged to carry out repairs in a timely manner in accordance with the schedule. During repairs, the safety requirements set out in industry rules and regulations must be observed.

7.4.2. Repairs involving welding (soldering) of vessels and receivers and their elements operating under pressure must be carried out using technology developed by the manufacturer, design or repair organization before the start of work, and the results of the repair must be entered in the receiver's passport.

7.4.3. Repair of vessels and receivers and their elements under pressure is not permitted.

7.4.4. Before starting work inside a receiver connected to other operating receivers by a common pipeline, the vessel must be separated from them by plugs or disconnected. Disconnected pipelines must be plugged.

7.4.5. The plugs used to disconnect the receiver, installed between the flanges, must be of adequate strength and have a protruding part (shank), by which the presence of the plug is determined.

When installing gaskets between flanges, they must be without shanks.

7.4.6. When working inside the receiver (internal inspection, repair, cleaning, etc.), safe lamps with a voltage not exceeding 12 V must be used, and in explosive environments - in an explosion-proof design. If necessary, the air environment must be analyzed for the absence of harmful or other substances exceeding maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). Work inside the receiver must be carried out in accordance with the work permit.

VIII. receivers and semi-finished products purchased abroad

8.1. receivers and their elements, as well as semi-finished products for their manufacture, purchased abroad, must comply with the requirements of the Rules and can be used on the basis of a permit from the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, issued in accordance with the Rules for the use of technical devices at hazardous production facilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 25. 98 N 1540*1.
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*1 Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 1999. N 1.С.191.

8.2. Technical documentation and the receiver's passport must be drawn up in Russian.

IX. Additional requirements for tanks and barrels for the transportation of liquefied gases

9.1. General requirements

9.1.1. Railway tanks must be designed in accordance with the standards agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

9.1.2. Tanks and barrels for liquefied gases, with the exception of cryogenic liquids, must be designed for the pressure that may arise in them at a temperature of 50 ° C.

Tanks for liquefied oxygen and other cryogenic liquids must be designed for the pressure at which they must be emptied.

The tanks must be calculated taking into account the stresses caused by the dynamic load during their transportation.

9.1.3. Tanks filled with liquid ammonia at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C at the end of filling may have thermal insulation or shadow protection.

The thermal insulation casing of a tank for cryogenic liquids must be equipped with a burst disc.

9.1.4. A railway tank must have a hatch with a diameter of at least 450 mm in its upper part and a platform near the hatch with metal stairs on both sides of the tank, equipped with handrails.

On railway tanks for liquefied oxygen, nitrogen and other cryogenic liquids, the installation of a platform near the hatch is optional.

9.1.5. Each tanker must have an oval hatch with axial dimensions of at least 400x450 mm or a round hatch with a diameter of at least 450 mm. For a tanker with a capacity of up to 3000 liters, an oval-shaped hatch may be made with axial dimensions of at least 300x400 mm, and a round hatch with a diameter of at least 400 mm.

For tanks with a capacity of up to 1000 liters, inspection hatches of an oval shape with a minor axis of at least 80 mm or a round shape with a diameter of at least 80 mm are allowed.

9.1.6. The manufacturer must stamp the following passport data on tanks and barrels:

manufacturer's name or trademark;

tank (barrel) number;

year of manufacture and date of inspection;

capacity (for tanks - in m3; for barrels - in l);

the mass of the tank when empty without chassis (t) and the mass of the barrel (kg);

the value of working and test pressure;

manufacturer's quality control mark;

date of the performed and next inspection.

On tanks, marks must be applied around the circumference of the flange for the hatch, and on barrels - on the bottoms where the fittings are located.

9.1.7. For barrels with a wall thickness of up to 6 mm inclusive, the passport data can be printed on a metal plate soldered or welded to the bottom in the place where the fittings are located.

On tanks with vacuum-based insulation, all marks related to the vessel must also be applied to the neck flange of the vacuum shell hatch, and the mass of the tank is indicated taking into account the weight of the insulation with the shell.

9.1.8. On tanks and barrels intended for the transportation of liquefied gases that cause corrosion, the marking areas after applying the passport data must be covered with anti-corrosion colorless varnish.

9.1.9. A metal plate with the following data must be attached to the tank frames:

manufacturer's name or trademark;

year of manufacture;

weight of the tank with chassis when empty (t);

registration number of the tank (issued by the owner of the tank after its registration with the State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority of Russia);

date of the next inspection.

9.1.10. The painting of tanks and barrels, as well as the application of stripes and inscriptions on them, must be carried out in accordance with state standards, technical specifications for the manufacture of new tanks and barrels by the manufacturer, and for tanks and barrels in operation - with filler.

The painting of railway propane-butane and pentane tanks in operation, and the application of stripes and inscriptions on them are carried out by the owner of the tanks.

9.1.11. Tanks must be equipped with:

valves with siphon tubes for draining and filling the medium;

valve for releasing vapors from the top of the tank;

spring safety valve;

a fitting for connecting a pressure gauge;

liquid level indicator.

9.1.12. The safety valve installed on the tank must communicate with the gas phase of the tank and have a cap with holes for releasing gas if the valve opens. The area of ​​the holes in the cap must be at least one and a half times the working cross-sectional area of ​​the safety valve.

9.1.13. Each filling and drain valve of a tank and barrel for liquefied gas must be equipped with a plug.

9.1.14. Each barrel, except barrels for chlorine and phosgene, must have a valve installed on one of the bottoms for filling and draining the medium. When installing a valve on the concave bottom of a barrel, it must be closed with a cap, and when installing on a convex bottom, in addition to the cap, a wrapping tape (skirt) must be installed.

Barrels for chlorine and phosgene must have fill and drain valves equipped with siphons.

9.1.15. The side fittings of valves for draining and filling flammable gases must have a left-hand thread.

9.1.16. Tanks intended for the transportation of explosive flammable substances, hazardous substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes according to GOST 12.1.007-76, must have a high-speed valve on the siphon tubes for drainage, which prevents gas from escaping if the pipeline ruptures.

9.1.17. The capacity of safety valves installed on tanks for liquefied oxygen, nitrogen and other cryogenic liquids must be determined by the sum of the calculated evaporation of liquids and the maximum performance of the device for creating pressure in the tank when it is emptied.

The calculated evaporability is taken to be the amount of liquid oxygen, nitrogen (cryogenic liquid) in kilograms that can evaporate within an hour under the influence of heat received by the tank from the environment at an outside air temperature of 50 °C.

When carrying out construction, installation and finishing work, pneumatic tools are widely used. Compressed air is used to operate pneumatic tools. Its production is carried out using compressor units. One of the main components of the unit is the compressor receiver.

Why do you need a receiver in a compressor?

A receiver is a container for storing liquids or gases during compressor operation. The device performs the following tasks:

• Accumulates the working mixture during compressor operation.
• Delivers compressed air to one or several consumers.
• Regulates the pressure of the working mixture at the outlet of the compressor.
• Accumulates and removes condensate that forms.
• Helps reduce vibration, noise and load during compressor operation.

The compressor receiver is made of high strength material. To store liquid and gaseous substances under a load of up to 2.0 atmospheres, containers made of high-strength plastic and rubber are used.

To store substances under a load of over 2.0 atmospheres, metal containers are used. The material used for them is steel with the addition of special additives. These additives increase the strength, anti-corrosion and thermal resistance of steel.

The basis for the future receiver

To make a receiver for a compressor with your own hands, use a fire extinguisher or a gas cylinder. Gas containers are considered the best option for making a receiver. The advantages of gas cylinders are:

• spacious volume (up to 100 l);
• light weight (from 30 to 70 kilograms);
• ability to work under high pressure.

Gas containers are tested under loads of up to 25 atmospheres. They are used for storing and transporting various gases and liquids. To prevent leakage of the gas-air mixture, a valve with reliable gaskets is used in the neck of the cylinder.

The disadvantage of a gas cylinder is the lack of a tap for draining condensate. Some experts consider this a significant disadvantage.

Advice: Condensate draining must be carried out at least twice a year - in spring and autumn.

Other experts do not see any difficulties in this circumstance. To remove condensate, open the shut-off valve, invert the container and drain the condensate.

Required tools and materials

To manufacture a receiver for a compressor, the following equipment is used:

• cutting tool;
• vice or welding machine;
• adjustable wrench;
• sledgehammer or hammer.

Attention! When cutting a container with a grinder, first make a longitudinal cut along the length of the container. Then transverse cuts are made. After this, cut off the upper or lower part. Changing the order of operations can lead to sudden depressurization.

A grinder is used as a cutting tool. As a last resort, use a hacksaw.

The vice is designed to fix the cylinder and prevent it from turning when removing the valve.

An adjustable wrench is used to unscrew the valve lock nut.

A sledgehammer or hammer is intended for beating off the cut parts of the vessel and tapping the valve when unscrewing.

The valve screws are cone-shaped. This form of thread ensures maximum tightness of the cylinder. Unscrewing a valve with such a thread requires a lot of force. To increase torque, the wrench handle is extended using a rectangular or round metal profile.

Advice: Instead of a factory valve, you can use a regular ball valve of the appropriate size.

Materials used:

• two crosspieces with M15 thread;
• gearbox with pressure gauge;
• safety valve;
• ball valve – 3 pcs;
• rubber hose.

When making a receiver for a compressor with your own hands, the parts used are connected in series to each other.

How to make a receiver with your own hands

The receiver is assembled in the following order:

• Clamp the bottom of the vessel in a vice.
• Using an adjustable wrench, remove the valve.
• Remove any remaining gas in the container.
• Remove the cover with the hole from the locking mechanism.
• Clean the container outside and inside from rust and dirt.
• Screw on the cap with the hole from the locking mechanism.
• The surface of the cylinder is cleaned of rust and dirt, primed and painted.
• Insert the adapter and attach the first cross.
• A safety valve is attached to the upper pipe of the first cross.
• A ball valve with a fitting for connecting an additional receiver is screwed to the lower end.
• A second cross is attached to the left pipe.
• A pressure gauge is attached to the upper end of the second cross.
• A ball valve is inserted into the lower pipe to supply air from the compressor.
• An oxygen reducer is connected to the left pipe through a ball valve.
• A hose is connected to the reducer to connect the consumer.

Do not use the cutting tool until all remaining gas has been removed from the container. Flame sparks are generated when the cutting tool is in use. A spark entering a vessel may cause an explosion.

Advice: To remove residual gas, the cylinder is filled with water and kept filled for several days. After a long soak, the water is drained. The filling and emptying procedure is repeated several times.

Anti-corrosion detergents are used to remove rust and dirt.

Single-chamber and dual-chamber receiver device

The compressor receiver consists of two main elements:

• container (cylinder);
• gearbox

The reducer is designed to regulate the pressure when the working mixture leaves the vessel.

There are two types of gearboxes:

• single-chamber;
• two-chamber.

Single chamber gearboxes

Such gearboxes have one low-pressure chamber. The gas from the cylinder first enters the high pressure chamber. There is a shut-off valve between the chambers. Under high load the valve is in the closed position. The valve is opened using a special screw on the gearbox.

Gas from the high-load compartment enters the low-pressure chamber. The working mixture is supplied to consumers.

To control the pressure in both chambers there are pressure gauges. A safety valve is used to regulate the load. When the load increases above the set norm, the valve automatically opens and gas flows out.

The simplicity of the device allows the use of single-chamber gearboxes for the production of standard compressors.

Double chamber gearboxes

Receivers with such reducers have two low-pressure chambers. They are located sequentially, one after another. The workload reduction process is smoother and more precise.

Double-chamber gearboxes are capable of operating at low temperatures. They differ in the complexity of their design. Used in industrial installations with high compressor power.

Two-chamber gearbox design

Device with pressure sensor

Pressure sensors are used to continuously monitor the operation of the compressor unit. They perform the following functions:

• monitoring the level of gas or liquid in the receiver;
• measuring the flow rate of the working mixture.

There are two types of pressure sensors:

• sensor for measuring absolute value;
• sensor for measuring excess value.

The main measuring element of the sensor is a ceramic membrane. It consists of a ceramic cell. The ceramic cell is a capacitor. The capacitor consists of a ceramic substrate and a conductive membrane coating.

Under the influence of the working mixture, the membrane is deformed and the value of the electrical capacitance changes. The absolute pressure cell is a closed system. It is used to measure pressure relative to vacuum.

There is a hole in the ceramic substrate of the gauge pressure sensor for air access. The measurement is carried out relative to the ambient pressure force.

Ease of manufacture and a wide selection of available materials allow you to use a homemade receiver in the household. When operating the compressor unit, it is necessary to comply with the rules for operating pressure vessels. Compliance with these rules will ensure safe operation of the installation for many years.

To increase the efficiency of working with compressed air, many compressor units use receivers - containers for storing air under pressure. Based on the intensity and volume of work, containers of 50, 100 liters, sometimes more, can be used. In this article we will look at how to make an additional receiver for a compressor with your own hands, why it is needed in general, and what characteristics should be taken into account when assembling it.

What is the receiver for?

The receiver is required for the compressor to perform the following functions:

• The receiver accumulates compressed air, which helps reduce vibrations in the system. This in turn reduces the load on the base and reduces the noise level from a permanent installation;
• Stabilizes the air pressure supplied directly to the work area. At the same time, pressure differences are inevitable, since the operation of any compressor involves a discharge and suction phase of air;
• Air purification from condensate. Otherwise, due to the increased pressure, the air humidity would also increase, which would lead to corrosion of the steel surface of the compressor;
• Provides compressed air supply when connecting an additional consumer, as well as during interruptions in the operation of the compressor.

To obtain large volumes of compressed air, a standard receiver may not be enough. For example, for sandblasting large surfaces, instead of a more powerful compressor, purchase additional receiver.

In addition, the additional receiver makes it possible to use the compressor less often, thus reducing energy consumption!

From a design point of view, the receiver is a sealed tank in most cases with a capacity of 50-100 liters. In the case of stationary units, containers up to 500-1000 liters can be used. The device is equipped with condensate drains, air filters and shut-off valves for connection to the working device and the main unit that consumes compressed air, be it a spray gun, nozzle, etc.

The container for compressed air is made of steel - usually from 16GA2F or 10HSND steels, which are resistant to corrosion. However, in the case of low-power compressors, plastic receivers, and even those made of high-strength rubber, can be used.

Paired with the installation, receivers can be equipped both vertically and horizontally. The first is in most cases used in stationary units, the second - in mobile ones. Each type offers its own pros and cons. For example, horizontal receivers require a shorter pipeline because they are more compact, but vertical ones are much easier to drain condensate.

Deciding on the parameters

In addition to capacity, the compressor receiver can be characterized by the following parameters:

1. Requirements for the location (within air contaminated with mechanical particles, for example, near circular saws, away from explosive, flammable materials and heat sources).
2. Working conditions (relative air humidity should not be more than 75-80 percent, temperature around 15-40 degrees).
3. Maximum air humidity levels .

According to the requirements of PB 03-576-03, it is prohibited to use receivers that have defects on the surface, such as corrosion, dents and cracks, as well as those that have not been tested for the functionality of the container walls.

The characteristics of the receiver for the compressor are selected as follows. The first step is to determine the maximum and minimum pressure values, the duration of operation and the required compressed air consumption. The next step is to find the required data using a table with online calculations, which can be easily found on the Internet upon request. For example, in the case of a maximum/minimum pressure drop of 4/3 atm, a maximum load duration of 5 minutes and an air flow rate of 0.1 m 3 /min, the optimal volume of the receiver tank will be considered 500 liters.

This method focuses on the time during which the receiver will be completely empty. However, there is a simpler tabular method that allows you to correlate the power consumption of the compressor with the volume of the receiver. Among them, it is worth highlighting the most commonly used ratios:

• Up to 550 liters for compressors up to 20 kW;
• Up to 300 liters for 10 kW models;
• And up to 100 liters for 5 kW products.

If necessary, intermediate values ​​can be calculated by interpolation. There are also experimental dependencies. According to one of them, the capacity of the receiver tank should not be less than the compressor performance during 8 seconds of continuous operation. In this case, the volume of the tank at an air flow rate of 400 l/min can be calculated as follows:

V = (400*8)/60=53.33 l

Rounding up we get 54 liters.

Do-it-yourself additional receiver for a compressor

Some work in a workshop or at home may require increased consumption of compressed air, which household compressors are not capable of providing. One possible solution would be to place an additional receiver for the compressor. The cost of such a device, based on volume, will be 12-15 thousand rubles if you buy it in a store, but nothing prevents you from saving and making the receiver yourself. An additional advantage in favor of the second solution is that most of the models offered in the store are designed for standard compressors, which is why their price is so high!

The connection of the additional receiver is usually carried out in series with the main one, and therefore, depending on the required volume, a regular fire extinguisher body or a cylinder left over from liquefied gas may be suitable for operation.

As in the case with, making a homemade receiver begins with thoroughly cleaning the cylinder from gas residues. For this purpose, the first step is to remove the input valve. It is important to note that removing the valve cannot be used with power tools, as there may be gas residues inside!

After this, the bottle is filled with water for a day. Next, threaded plugs with gaskets are screwed into the container or tubular splitters for hoses are welded. At the end, the balloon should be treated weatherproof paint!

You can install a condensate drain at the bottom of the container; it would also be useful to have a pressure gauge or pressure switch on the receiver. In the case of a condensate drain, its size should be selected based on the dimensions of the connecting thread, operating pressure and compressor performance. The average cost of condensate traps is around 2.5-3 thousand rubles.

Below in the photo you can see the finished additional receiver for the compressor, placed on top of a tripod welded from a steel rod.

When working with a homemade device, you should consider the following points:

• As the pressure decreases, the operating time will have to be reduced from the usual 75-80 percent to 50-60. For lower values, it is not practical to use a self-assembled element;
• Before putting a full load on the compressor electric motor, you should first check the possibility of its operation in tandem with an additional receiver! For this purpose, the compressor drive is started at idle, after which, during prolonged operation (more than 20 minutes), the pressure difference is measured with a flow meter. In this case, the additional receiver is suitable for operation if the pressure during testing does not fall below the minimum value;
• In the case of an additional tank, the installation of a condensate drain is considered mandatory.

Well, now you know what a receiver is for, what it is, what characteristics it has, and also how to install an additional cylinder to the main tank. We hope the tips presented will be useful to you. Good luck!

Good afternoon In this article, using the example of my compressor assembly, I want to show the method of building compressors from available parts for model airbrushing.

Main elements

The first step is to formalize the technical requirements for our product of goblin engineering.
Since I purchased a new dual action airbrush, I needed a compressor with a receiver. The fact is that, unlike a single action airbrush, the new airbrush is able to control the air flow, lock it, and open the air duct. In European countries, many people use such an airbrush together with a separate compressed air cylinder, disposable or reusable; let’s leave the economic side of this aside. Air container - receiver- allows you to collect air like a cylinder. If air is continuously pumped into the air duct hose, then at some point the fitting may fail and the hose will fly out. Getting hit by a flying hose on any part of the body is extremely painful and unpleasant. And so - the airbrush uses air from a cylinder. So, a double-action airbrush involves the use of a receiver. We will return to it later.

The main thing is, in fact, yourself compressor. We will use a compressor from a refrigerator. Like a “pot” - because you can no longer find compressors of the “cylinder” type during the day, and they are all old. We decide on the choice of compressor using various sites selling refrigeration equipment. Probably the main criterion will be their price, since their air injection parameters are approximately equal. Some are stronger, some are weaker. Upon purchase, you can go to the store yourself, you can order delivery if they do not have a retail store and only work on the Internet. Before ordering, we look at the compressor model and write down the name of the company that produces it, using ctrl+c, or on a piece of paper. And we go to the manufacturer’s website. The manufacturer of the compressor that I found is Danfoss; on their website you can download a pdf file with a technical description of the compressor. Be sure to download it, we will need it!

Let's return to the receiver. The receiver should be a container designed to contain gases or liquids under high pressure. It is desirable that it meets the requirements of GOST. Let me make a reservation right away - a plastic bottle, plastic tanks, tanks and canisters do NOT belong to such things. Their use is a blatant violation of safety regulations! Let's consider the containers:

Option one- carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. A good option, tested, holds up to 10 atm. Very wide selection of capacities - 3,5,10 l. - it’s easy enough to get (you can buy it, you can get it “exhausted”). However, it has one significant drawback - a metric thread at the inlet. That's what I used.

Option two- hydraulic accumulator. A decent selection of containers, but has a low operating pressure. The inlet has a convenient 1 inch thread. It requires fine-tuning before use, since the inside is divided into a membrane containing carbon dioxide, which holds water under pressure. She needs to be pulled out. To get it, simply buy it at a construction hypermarket or construction market.

Option three- oxygen cylinder. Some samples can hold a huge number of atmospheres, however, either cylinders with an extremely small capacity, or heavy, massive ones, for welding work are available, and it is extremely difficult to get other options. But if you get some of the medical equipment (I'm afraid it's very expensive ), you can arrange an oxygen bar before assembly!!! =)))

Option four- cylinders for various gases (propane, etc.) - easy to get, otherwise similar to a fire extinguisher. However, it is written on them that use for compressed air is not recommended.

Connecting links between the gearbox and the receiver, air preparation unit

Now that the compressor and what will be the receiver have been determined, it is necessary to think about how they will be connected, and how the compressed air will flow to the airbrush.
The first is the unit that is attached directly to the receiver and ensures air distribution between the lines (it is necessary to mention that one of its main characteristics is compatibility with the connector on the receiver; I will mention screwing methods later).
The second is a pressure switch. The pressure switch must ensure that the compressor turns off when a certain pressure in the receiver is reached, and turns it on when the pressure drops to a minimum value. As a pressure switch, the best option is the RDM-5 relay for water supply systems. It is very easy to find and is sold in most plumbing supply stores. Please note that the RDM-5 connecting element is designed for 1-inch external thread.

Third, an indication of the pressure in the receiver is necessary. We buy a pressure gauge with a measurement limit of 10 atm. These have connection size 1. Important - you need a static device.

Fourth is the air preparation unit. A certain pressure must be applied to the hose leading to the airbrush. Therefore, a gearbox is needed. The reducer must have a pressure control limit from zero to 8-10 atmospheres. It is also necessary that a pressure gauge be attached to it in order to see the value of the regulated pressure, as well as an oil separator filter. Because even from the receiver, particles of compressor oil can fly. Attention - do not buy a lubricator filter under any circumstances - it performs a diametrically opposite function.

Fifth - consumables, fittings, turns, tees. The main size of fittings is 1 inch; in order to calculate their number, it is necessary to draw a diagram of the air distribution and preparation unit. In addition to them, we will need several adapters from 1 to 1 inches, external and internal.
Having looked at all the parts and components, let’s make a drawing of how it will all look assembled, for example, like this:

Now let's think about the placement of the entire structure. As an option - ordinary chipboards. In order to avoid dragging the entire structure around the apartment and workshop, we will provide roller legs, which are easy to find in any furniture store. To avoid the installation taking up a lot of space, I decided to place everything on two floors. To make it easier to work in the future, let’s draw the following diagram:

You will need either very long M8 bolts or short studs. As well as nuts and washers.
Now, to summarize the planning stage, let's write a list of required materials.

• Compressor - 1 pc.
• Receiver (fire extinguisher) 1 pc.
• Pressure switch - 1 pc.
• Pressure gauge - 1 pc.
• Filter reducer - 1 piece.
• Emergency valve - 1 piece.
• Fittings, adapters - based on the selected scheme
• Various plumbing gaskets, fum tape, sealant.
• Cables, switch, plug + various small items for laying and connecting them.
• A flexible hose (preferably oil-resistant), with a diameter that matches the outer diameter of the air outlet fitting of the compressor.
• Chipboard plate for the stand, 4 roller legs, 4 M8x25 bolts or M8 studs, nuts, washers and other small hardware, as well as various tools.

Let's start assembling!

Compressor assembly

So, the shopping spree is over, the diagram has been drawn, let's start the show =). The first difficulty I encountered was the assembly at the fire extinguisher outlet. There are several options here - dismantle the assembly and find a welder to weld the required adapter fitting. Due to my haste, I didn’t want to look for someone, so I did a simple thing - I unscrewed part of the valve (leaving the internal mechanics, I removed the control element). An adapter with a 1-inch internal thread was fitted to one of the outputs, and an adapter from 1 to 38 was screwed into the other with a creak. Hand on heart, this (and, in fact, like the entire receiver) was made in violation of the rules for the operation of pressure vessels. It’s better to weld the new adapter with high quality (which, of course, is also not entirely according to the rules...).

The first stage of assembling the compressor is simple - we arm ourselves with a plumbing adjustable wrench, fum tape, sealant (attention, it subsequently hardens - if you want to make it for centuries - do not regret it!), and twist the adapters according to the plan outlined in advance. An important note - in order to ensure a tight connection, it is not necessary to tighten everything “to the point of creaking” - according to the law of meanness - tees and turns will never be at the desired angle. We install a reducer, a pressure gauge, a pressure switch, and an adapter for a flexible hose. Each stage of the process must certainly be accompanied by fitting to the fire extinguisher receiver.

Carpenter versus joiner

“The viper with wheels is here!”
KF "Kin-dza-dza"

The second stage of assembly is carpentry. I took ready-made chipboard plates “from stock” and screwed furniture wheels onto them with self-tapping screws, having previously drilled the seats for them with a thin drill (this way they are screwed exactly in place and much easier). Be sure to ride the newly made product around the apartment (you need to check it out! =)) - you will be guaranteed the attention and interested reaction of your family (from the category of bad advice, it would be worth leaving a note “never repeat this yourself”). Since I was making a two-level stand, the next step was to mark and drill holes for the studs. I screwed the nuts approximately to the middle of each stud, measured out the perforated tape with a reserve (so that it would be a “bed” for the fire extinguisher) and hoisted the latter to the place intended for it.
Attention!!! Be sure to cover all bitten areas of the punched paper tape with electrical tape or other soft material to avoid the possibility of injury, or treat it so that there are no sharp edges or burrs left.

After positioning the fire extinguisher, I placed two more perforated tapes on top and secured them with nuts.
If you use a prepared hydraulic accumulator as a receiver, then most small (5, 6, 8 liters) models of the “horizontal” type have wonderful claw brackets at the bottom and top. The lower ones can be screwed to the base, and a compressor can be placed on the upper ones.

In my case, which I am using as an example, the structure consists of two levels. The “second floor” of the structure must be prepared before installation. We find suitable holes on the legs of the compressor (there are many of them), and, maintaining the geometry, mark and drill them on the “second floor”. It’s okay if the holes are slightly larger than the diameter of the bolts (I used M8), wherever needed I used wide washers. We mount the “second floor” plate, looking at the diagram that we talked about in the first part.
We install the compressor. In order to reduce vibration, it is necessary to provide some damping elements. I used ordinary plumbing silicone gaskets as them, making a kind of shock absorber out of them. We fix the compressor, do not forget to put washers.

We try on the air distribution module to the receiver. If something sticks, or is simply poorly positioned, the design can be changed. After fitting, we screw it on. Using a flexible hose, fum tape and clamps, we connect the outlet of the compressor and the inlet of the air preparation unit. The clamps must be tightened well, ensuring a tight fit of the hose - otherwise oil may leak and splash on the compressor side, and air may leak from the air distribution module side.

I sing the electric body. The finishing touches and...

“Mahmoud, set it on fire!”
KF "White Sun of the Desert"

First, a little theory about the motor used by the compressor. The compressor we are considering as an example uses a single-phase asynchronous machine as a drive. Therefore, to run it, you need different auxiliary devices. In our case, this is a starting winding with a capacitor. Carefully read the instructions for the compressor! The types of devices that provide drive starting can vary greatly between different models.
Now the most important thing is that you need to work with the installation’s connection diagram. There are several pitfalls here:

1. The compressor is taken out of the usual connection diagram. For it to work, you need to install a jumper.
2. It is advisable to provide protective elements (circuit breaker) - this is a controversial issue; in principle, in case of any excesses, the circuit breaker should operate on the group of sockets to which the compressor is connected - installing another circuit breaker, in my opinion, is not necessary.
3. The connection line must go through the relay and switch.
4. Sometimes, it is necessary to connect a capacitor to the compressor. It depends on its type. Be sure to check the specifications and manual for the compressor you are using.

The connection must be made according to the following scheme:

From the plug we lead the phase wire (L) to the switch. Next, connect the phase wire to the desired relay terminal. The neutral wire (N) remains untouched, if there is a ground wire, but if there is no ground wire, we connect the neutral wire to the ground terminal of the relay (a protective ground is obtained), from the relay we lead the phase and neutral wires to the compressor drive starting device (the box is like this it on the body), and according to the diagram we connect it to the corresponding terminals. It turns out something like this:

General view of the connection diagram. Connection diagram for relay RDM-5. Please note - we use terminal L1 to connect the phase, as well as the corresponding terminal on the top block - from it the wire will go to the compressor. L2 is not used! Also, under no circumstances connect the pads to each other - then the relay will not work.

From a regular plug (2.5 mm2 cable), through the switch, to the pressure switch (it is marked there where to connect what) and to the compressor. The cable at the plug can be of two types - with ground, phase and neutral, if your house is new, or simply with phase and neutral, if the house is old. In principle, you can stop worrying and connect the ground to the neutral conductor, as is done in old houses.
So, now for the system to work, we’ll install a jumper. It is installed directly on the terminal block of the starter. it is best to connect by soldering, but you can use crimp contacts of a suitable type (they are indicated in the description of the compressor). The jumper is shown in blue:

Jumper connection diagram in the starter.
This jumper is very important, as it ensures the connection of the windings to the phase.
At the end, carefully lay the cables using plastic ties and self-adhesive pads for them. Carefully inspect the cables for insulation integrity, and also check each connection for mechanical strength. Check carefully for possible short circuits - each wire must be carefully stripped and have contact only with the terminal intended for it.

Now we check everything, launch it, and start painting the models! =)