• What is the difference between 3g 4 g. Mobile Internet

    Modern technologies wireless communication continue to develop actively. Countries with developed infrastructure strive to start using new standards as early as possible, which will improve not only the quality of communication, but also speed up. With the advent touchscreen smartphones With large diagonal display, mobile Internet has become a priority for most developers. After all, only high speed guarantees the realization of all the possibilities of new gadgets.

    Mobile internet standards

    In the post-Soviet space, the introduction of new technologies is much slower, and most users had to be content with the mobile Internet of the obsolete EDGE standard (data transfer rate up to 474 kbps). This technology is called 2G (second generation). Low speed does not allow to realize most of the possibilities of the Internet, and mobile operators are massively switching to new technologies - 3G and 4G.

    3G networks:

    • The main standards are UMTS and CDMA 2000, which differ in the frequency of the radio signal
    • Speed ​​- up to 3.1 Mbps
    • Opportunities - downloading streaming video, implementation of IP telephony.

    4G networks:

    • Main standards - LTE and WiMAX
    • Speed ​​- can exceed 100 Mbps
    • Opportunities - implemented packet data transfer, allowing you to reach the same level with wired Internet.

    Development of new technologies

    In some countries, the frequencies used for the 3G standard have been reserved for military use, and obtaining a license mobile operators passed with great difficulty. In this situation, one positive point can be noted: most companies preferred to abandon 3G and immediately develop new generation networks. As a result, users can realize all the possibilities of new smartphones, most of which are designed for the LTE standard. Of course, 3G networks are still in demand and quite popular, especially in places where it is unprofitable to develop wired Internet. It is also worth noting the fairly affordable prices for equipment ( mobile modems and access points), and an acceptable speed.

    4G technology is more advanced in all respects. The owner of a smartphone with support for the LTE standard can view high-definition video online, download favorite songs within a few seconds, and the maps used will also be drawn quickly. navigation programs. High speed allows you to play mobile online games, eliminating disconnections and freezes. Key Feature 4G - packet data transmission, it allows you to fully realize the possibilities Voip telephony. The user can install on a smartphone popular program Skype or its equivalent, significantly reducing the cost of international calls, and appreciate all the benefits of video calls. Also, 4G technology is used to organize Internet networks in remote areas. From an economic point of view, using base stations is much more profitable than laying fiber optic cable. At the same time, the high data transfer rate is almost comparable to the average wired Internet.

    Development prospects

    Perhaps the only drawback of new technologies is the high price of equipment and the conditions provided. However, one must take into account the fact that the price is constantly decreasing, especially in a highly competitive environment. When choosing between 4G and 3G, you should not focus on savings. Over time, 4G will become the main mobile communication standard, and most manufacturers of smartphones and other gadgets will focus on it. There is a clear trend towards expanding coverage areas, reducing tariffs and increasing sales of new generation equipment.

    At the same time, active work is underway to introduce a new telecommunications standard - 5G, which will be launched closer to 2020. New technologies will provide speeds up to 50 Gb / s, which will bring mobile communications to a qualitatively new level. It will also lead to a significant reduction in the prices of equipment and services of the 4G standard.

    3G(from English. third generation- third generation), 3rd generation mobile communication technologies - a set of services that combines both high-speed mobile access with Internet services, as well as radio communication technology, which creates a data transmission channel.

    Standard characteristic
    Mobile communication of the third generation is built on the basis of packet data transmission. Third-generation 3G networks operate at frequencies in the decimeter range, usually in the range of about 2 GHz, transmitting data at speeds up to 14 Mbps. They allow you to organize videotelephony, watch movies and TV programs on your mobile phone, etc.

    3G includes 5 IMT-2000 family standards (UMTS/WCDMA, CDMA2000/IMT-MC, TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA (China's own standard), DECT and UWC-136).

    The most widespread in the world are two standards: UMTS (or W-CDMA) and CDMA2000 (IMT-MC), which are based on the same technology - CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). It is also possible to use the CDMA450 standard.

    CDMA2000 technology provides an evolutionary transition from narrowband IS-95 code division systems ( american standard digital cellular communication second generation) to "third generation" CDMA systems and is most widespread in the North American continent, as well as in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

    UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) technology universal system mobile telecommunications) is designed to modernize GSM networks (European standard cellular communication of the second generation), and has become widespread not only in Europe, but also in many other regions of the world.

    Work on UMTS standardization is coordinated by the international group 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project), and standardization of CDMA2000 - by the international group 3GPP2 (Third Generation Partnership Project 2), created and coexisting within the ITU.

    According to Wireless Intelligence, at the end of November 2006 there were 364 million 3G subscribers in the world, of which 93.5 million were connected to UMTS networks and 271.1 million to CDMA2000. The largest operator is the Japanese NTT DoCoMo (40 million subscribers).

    3G networks provide two basic services: Data transfer and voice transfer. According to ITU (International Telecommunications Union) regulations, 3G networks must support the following data rates:
    for subscribers with high mobility (up to 120 km/h) — at least 144 kbit/s;
    for subscribers with low mobility (up to 3 km/h) — 384 kbit/s;
    for fixed objects - 2.048 Mbps.

    3G networks are distinguished by increased environmental safety: the radiation power of the terminal transmitter is significantly lower than in other standards: peak - 200 mW, average over most of the service area is approximately an order of magnitude lower than peak.

    4G- a promising (fourth) generation of mobile communications, characterized by high speed data transfer and higher quality voice communication. It is customary to refer to the fourth generation as promising technologies that allow data transmission at a speed exceeding 100 Mbps to mobile subscribers and 1 Gbps to fixed subscribers.

    Unlike 3G, which is standardized as IMT-2000 by the International Telecommunication Union, there is no generally accepted definition for 4G as of 2009. Supporters WiMAX technologies sometimes they say that WiMAX belongs to the fourth generation of mobile communications, but this issue has not yet been resolved exactly, since the WiMax standard so far only partially satisfies the conditions for entering 4G.

    The main research in the creation of communication systems of the fourth generation is carried out in the direction of using the technology of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM.

    4G communication systems are based on packet data protocols. IPv4 protocol is used for data transfer, and IPv6 support is planned in the future.

    Now in many technically developed countries 3G and 3.5G technologies are still used (there are more than 100 commercial networks). However, many countries are striving to immediately switch to 4G networks, "jumping" 3G. Networks in the USA, Japan, Korea, China and Nicaragua are built according to the same standard. On December 14, 2009, the Swedish telecommunications company "TeliaSonera" announced the launch of the world's first commercial network of the fourth generation of the LTE standard in Stockholm and Oslo. From a technical point of view, the main difference between fourth-generation networks and the previous, third, is that 4G technology is completely based on packet data transfer protocols, while 3G combines the transmission of voice traffic and “packets”. For "voice" in 4G, VoIP technology is provided, which allows you to make voice calls using fast "packet" data transmission.

    The International Telecommunications Union and the 4G Alliance (of which ZTE Corporation and other Chinese companies are the main members) define 4G technology as the future of wireless telecommunications technologies, which will achieve data transfer rates up to 1 Gbps in stationary applications and up to 100 Mbps in data exchange with mobile access devices. 4G technology, in particular, will allow subscribers to watch high-definition multi-channel TV broadcasts and control their home household appliances using a mobile device, make cheap long-distance telephone calls.

    The disadvantage of devices capable of working with 4G networks is their high power consumption.
    The most important problem of 4G distribution is the low activity of investors. The development of fourth generation networks is delayed by the fact that 3G networks have a high potential for intensive and extensive development.

    Almost every person has mobile phone allowing you to always stay in touch. With the development of technology, phones have become almost full computer, which allows you to surf the Internet, send mail, watch online broadcasts and much more, but some functions cannot work without a good connection.

    It is for this reason that we can now observe the rapid growth and progress in the field of wireless communication technologies. On this moment the fourth generation of mobile communications is rapidly developing 4G(from the English fourth generation - the fourth generation).

    3G And 4G- This mobile technologies wireless communications, which include not only radio communications, but also high-speed Internet access with a data transmission channel. Each generation of communications has its own technologies that require new equipment, maintenance and often free frequencies. All these requirements increase the time between development and implementation of the network by approximately 10 years. For example, 3G networks began to be developed back in the 1990s, and were introduced only in the 2000s, while 4G networks began to be developed in the 2000s, and their implementation began only in 2010.

    More about 3G

    In accordance with the specification of the International Telecommunication Union, 3G networks must have the following parameters:

    • minimum speed 2 Mbit/s data transmission for stationary objects and users moving at low speed;
    • a minimum data rate of 348 kbps for high speed users.

    3G networks use code division technology to improve communication while on the move. As you move, you gradually move away from one radio station and approach another. To avoid interruptions in communication, a technology was implemented that allows you to smoothly reduce the signal from a receding station and increase the signal from an approaching one.

    3G includes 5 radio interfaces based on three different access technologies (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA).

    More about 4G

    4G- is a progressive communication technology that has a very high data transfer rate, but so far it is only beginning to be implemented around the world. Unlike the third generation of communication, 4G is completely based on packet data protocols and has Voice over IP technology, which provides the transmission of voice signals over the Internet. Thanks to VoIP, you can make cheap calls to anywhere in the world over the Internet. There is an opinion that this could kill the mobile communications market.

    According to the International Telecommunication Union, networks fourth generation must have the following settings:

    • packet data protocols;
    • a minimum data rate of 1 Gbps for stationary objects and users moving at low speeds;
    • a minimum data rate of 100 Mbps for users moving at high speeds.

    Since the fourth generation is just beginning to be introduced, many communication service providers pass off WiMAX and LTE technologies as 4G, although they are not, as they do not support the required data transfer rate.

    conclusions

    • In 4G networks, the minimum data transfer rate is 100 Mbps, while in 3G it is 348 kbps.
    • 4G is based entirely on packet data protocols, while 3G uses circuit and packet switching.
    • 4G has VoIP.
    • 3G was introduced 10 years earlier than 4G, as a result of which it has a large coverage area.

    Modern infocommunication technologies and electronics are developing at such a speed that it is already difficult and unthinkable for an ordinary layman to imagine himself not only without a smartphone or tablet, but also without access to the Internet. Thus, gadgets connected to the Internet have surpassed desktop computers and laptops mainly thanks to the advent of 3G.

    Turning to history, you can see that almost every ten years, since the 1970s, when the 1G standard was developed, more and more new types of communication appear. Already by 1990, 2G was adopted, and in the early 2000s, the 3G standard was introduced. Only in 2010, the network, which is based on the IP protocol, began to spread around the world under the name 4G. Each new communication standard is different from the previous one frequency range, value bandwidth and bitrate, as well as maintenance of the network itself.

    4G is a new generation of data reception and transmission technology that can work with throughput more than 100 Mbps for mobile and more than 1 Gbps for fixed network subscribers, respectively.

    Back in 2012, such wireless technology this generation, such as WiMAX 2 (WMAN-Advanced, IEEE 802.16m) and LTE Advanced (LTE-A)

    Technological features

    Requirements for a data exchange rate of 100 Mbps for mobile and 1 Gbps for fixed 4G communication receivers were presented back in 2008 by the International Telecommunication Union. However, initially the LTE and WiMAX standards did not meet the above requirements, although they were considered the fourth generation. Only with the launch of LTE-Advanced did the speed in the network reach the required value.

    As for the difference from the previous 3G standard, in the fourth, the principle of data transfer is based on the IPv4 and IPv6 packet protocols. VoLTE technology is provided for voice transmission.

    Radio planners and network maintainers regularly monitor and innovate to increase top speed and the quality of receiving / transmitting information, since 4G must meet the following conditions:

    Mandatory use of IP protocols.

    Bandwidth for subscribers moving at speeds up to 33.3 m/s.

    Dynamic partitioning to optimize network processes.

    40 MHz bandwidth.

    Excellent quality of mobile systems.

    As for the hardware, such corporations as Siemens, Huawei, Nokia are engaged in the production of equipment. Qualcomm produces microprocessors for modems that can work in several standards at once.


    The difference between 4G and 3G

    The first thing that is immediately noticeable when using the new generation is a tenfold increase in traffic speed, that is, in 3G it is from 348 kbps for mobile and from 2 Mbps for fixed subscribers.

    It is worth noting that gadgets that have a built-in 4G module can also work in 3G. The methods of transmitting and receiving information also differ significantly. 3G is characterized by both voice and packet method, while 4G is only packet.

    Since the third generation appeared much earlier than the fourth, the coverage area is also many times larger.

    Also, the trio has a code division of signals, which ensures a reliable and uninterrupted connection when switching from one base station to another.


    Advantages and disadvantages

    By far, the most important advantage over other sources of network access is mobility and portability, without any binding to a cable, cord or coverage area.

    The other side of the coin is still not quite perfect 4G coverage. Therefore, on stable work can only be calculated within large cities or metropolitan areas. But the main condition for the possibility of connection is a built-in or external modem.

    If we compare mobile communications and wi-fi, then here the latter has a clear advantage in speed. This also applies to energy consumption, since wifi modules consumes battery power several times less than 4G modems.

    Another weighty argument when choosing a 4G modem is the relatively high price of such devices, as well as the cost of the Internet, which depends on the operator's tariff.

    After analyzing the above text, we can conclude that at the stage of development at which 4G is now, such a standard is best suited for quick access Internet, web surfing, mail, news, video, audio and personal accounts, but not for the full download of large files.

    5G perspective

    At the moment, the world's leading manufacturers and operators of telecommunications equipment and services are already developing the latest 5G standard. The announcement is expected by 2020. The concept assumes network multitasking, multi-switching functionality, as well as Full time job gadgets and devices online. The main focus is on high energy efficiency, which provides for very low energy consumption of equipment.

    A video about what 4G LTE means, how does 4G differ from 3G?

    At the moment it is hard to imagine modern humanity without Internet. After all, people need it not only for leisure, but also as an assistant in work. If high-speed cable communication is most often used for home computers, then for portable devices people prefer to use 3G and 4G modems as they don't have big dimensions. There are a huge number of popular providers: MTS, Beeline, iota and others. However, people often do not know the difference between 3G and 4G, so this choice confuses them.

    Main differences

    The main difference between the two technologies is speed. At the moment, 3G can typically transfer 384 kilobytes per second. Do not forget that this is the average speed. It can be more or less, as it is influenced by several factors at once:

    • modem model;
    • provider;
    • coating quality;
    • operating frequency of the operator.

    As for 4G internet, mobile devices the speed is more than 100 Mbps, and when using a USB modem, the figure increases to 1 Gbps. This is much more than 3G, however, services are much more expensive. It is worth noting that a large number of operators are simply making a marketing ploy, calling their type of connection "fourth generation", but in fact they provide ordinary 3G.

    Pros and cons of 3G

    Advantages:

    • large coverage;
    • support for almost all mobile devices;
    • low price;
    • a huge selection of operators and modems.

    Flaws:

    • relatively low speed;
    • weak performance outside the city.

    Pros and cons of 4G

    Advantages:

    • high data transfer rate;
    • connection to any desktop computer.

    Flaws:

    • small coverage area;
    • difficulties connecting to some mobile devices;
    • high cost of the modem and services;
    • high power consumption.

    After analyzing all the pros and cons, many people may think that 3G is clearly more profitable and reliable, but this is not entirely true. The fact is that this type of connection has existed for more than a dozen years, so its coverage and stability are better. 4G is relatively new technology, because of this, and has some disadvantages. But after a few years, he will easily crowd out his predecessor from the market. Although many scientists claim that already in 2020-2025 people will use 5G.

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