• Free transform tool

    The tool is used to transform the size and shape of an image. The tool can be activated using the command Editing > Free Transform (Edit > Free Transform) or using hotkeys Ctrl+T. A transformation frame with square markers will appear around the image.

    By selecting the Free Transform tool, you can rotate, enlarge, reduce, display in perspective, distort, tilt, and flip the image vertically and horizontally. Transformation can be applied both to the whole image and to a separately selected part of the image or object. Let's look at the transformation tool in more detail.

    Tool settings panel.

    Just like any other Photoshop tool Free Transform has its own settings panel.

    In parameter group 1, you can change the position of the central marker (by clicking on one of the white squares on the tool icon), around which the transformation frame with the image rotates.

    In group 2 you can set the exact transformation scale in width and height. If the button in the form of a chain is pressed, changes will occur while maintaining the proportions of the image.

    In parameter group 3 you can set the image rotation angle. If you enter a positive angle value, the image will rotate clockwise, if you enter a negative angle, it will rotate counterclockwise.

    In group 4, you can tilt the image at a specified angle in the horizontal and vertical planes.

    Working with the tool.

    1. To resize the image, drag one of the markers located around the perimeter of the transformation frame.

    2. To resize the image while maintaining the proportions, hold down the key Shift and drag one of the corner handles.

    3. To rotate the image around the center point, move the cursor outside the frame (the cursor will appear as a curved arrow in two directions) and move in the direction of rotation. You can change the coordinates of the rotation axis by moving the center point to the desired location.

    4. To hide the frame and better see your changes, click Ctrl+H(press again and the frame will appear again).

    5. To apply the transformation and finish working with the tool, click Shift.

    Transformation.

    By placing the cursor inside the transformation frame and clicking the right mouse button, a submenu will open Transform.

    1. Scale. Resize an image or selected object. We discussed this function above (working with the tool).

    2. Rotate. Rotate the image around a central point. You can change the coordinates of the rotation axis by moving the center point to the desired location.

    3. Skew. Tilts the image horizontally or vertically. Move the cursor to the side transformation frame and it will turn white and an arrow will appear next to it, right-click and drag the frame to the side to tilt the image. The sides will remain parallel, but the angles of the image will change. If you hold down while resizing Ctrl + Alt, the center point of the transform frame will remain in place, but the corners will change position.

    4. Distort. Curves the image in any direction. The corners move independently of each other. When a key is pressed Alt, the central point remains in place, and all distortions occur around it. The function is well suited if you need to stretch or create a perspective distortion of an object.

    5. Perspective. If you want to create the impression that an object is located at some distance, the Perspective command will help you. Using this command is intuitive. When you drag a corner handle, the opposite handle moves in the opposite direction. In other words, he behaves like mirror image draggable marker. The difference between the Distort and Perspective commands is that the former applies only to one edge of the object, while Perspective automatically changes the location of two handles when you drag only one of them.

    6. Warp. This feature has been available since CS2. When you select this function, a grid appears on the object. By clicking on any point of the grid and dragging the mouse, we can deform objects in any way. For example, overlaying an image on objects.

    Co the following functions Everything is clear, I’ll just give their translation:

    7. Rotate 180°.

    8. Rotate 90° CW.

    9. Rotate 90° CCW.

    10. Flip Horizontal.

    11. Flip Vertical.

    Tool hotkeys.

    1. Scaling relative to the center point: Alt + drag corner handle.

    2. Symmetrical image tilt: Ctrl + Alt + drag side handle.

    3. Image distortion: Ctrl + drag side handle.

    4. Image distortion along a certain axis: Ctrl + Shift + drag side handle.

    5. Perspective: Ctrl + Shift + Alt + drag side handle.

    I hope now you can easily transform any image, individual object or selected area.

    In the very CorelDRAW There is no tool for free deformation of raster images. There are 3D Rotate and Perspective effects, but this is not the same. But this does not mean that it is not possible to achieve the desired effect. In this post, I will talk about two ways to apply the necessary deformation to a raster image.

    Both methods use the same editor function Corel PHOTO-PAINT — deformation(Distort), however in one case this is done automatically so that you will not even notice that PHOTO-PAINT was used.

    Manual method

    Select the image in CorelDRAW and press the button Edit Bitmap(Edit bitmap) in order to open it in the Corel PHOTO-PAINT editor. If the image is a background, convert it to an object.

    Then, using the tool Object Pick(Object selection), in mode Distort add the desired distortion. After, close the editor, and when asked to save the image, answer YES. The image in CorelDRAW will update automatically.

    One question may arise here - what to do if you need to give it an exact shape, such that the corners of the image are in certain places. To do this, you need to create a curve on top of the image, give it the required shape, remove the fill and apply a thin outline. Then convert the curve into a raster image with a transparent background.

    It is important that this new image has exactly the same meaning dpi as well as the one that we will deform, and also that both images have transparency (transparent pixels, not the effect of interactive transparency).

    Having selected these two images, select the Edit Bitmap command in the Bitmap menu ( Raster images), after which we will see that they opened in the Corel PHOTO-PAINT editor in the form of one document with two objects (layers). We adjust our image to the “template”, which we then delete.

    Automatic method

    The result is achieved using a macro (I'll post the code when I have time). To deform, you need to give the image the required form using a tool Shape and run the macro, it will do the rest itself.

    In Photoshop team Liquify(Distort) allows you to twist, bend, stretch, and otherwise deform the image layer.

    Same as with the command Extract(Extract), in the command dialog box Liquify there is a preview window in which you can see the entire image (Fig. 19.1).

    You can only deform or reconstruct an image using a brush, the size of which and the degree of impact on the image are adjustable (similar to other types of brushes in Photoshop). You can also use the tool Freeze(Freeze) to prevent certain areas of the image from being distorted, similar to using a mask. If you want to partially or completely undo the distortions that were introduced, use the tool Reconstruct(Reconstruct). The changes you make will not become permanent until you click the button. OK and don't close the window.

    Rice. 19.1. Command Dialog Box Liquify after using the tool Twirl Clockwise to the image of the Eiffel Tower

    Warping an Image Using the Liquify Command

    To be on the safe side, work with a duplicate layer or take a snapshot of the original image using the palette History(Story).

    1. Select the layer whose contents you want to distort. When the checkbox is activated Backdrop tool action Liquify can be extended to only one of several layers of choice, and not to all, as provided by default. At the same time, in the field Opality(Opacity) You can also adjust the layer's transparency. Team Liquify(Distort) only works on a raster layer and cannot be applied to an editable text layer or a shape layer.
    2. Select a team Liquify in the menu Filter(Filter) or press the key combination Ctrl+Shift+X.
    3. To deform a given image, use the tools in the dialog box Liquify(Fig. 19.2). First in the section Tool Options(Tool options) (Fig. 19.3) enter the brush size (parameter Brush Size), setting the value in the range from 1 to 600 pixels, as well as the amount of brush pressure (parameter Brush Pressure) from 1 to 100% and the magnitude of noise fluctuations (parameter Turbulent Jitter) to determine how the image will be distorted. These three parameters apply to all command tools Liquify. If you are using a tablet, you can check the box Stylus Pressure(Pen Pressure) to allow pen pressure to affect the parameter value Brush Pressure.

    Rice. 19.2. Tools in the Dialog Box Liquify

    Rice. 19.3. Chapter Tool Options dialog box Liquify

    Rice. 19.4. Chapter Freeze Options dialog box Liquify

    1. Optional. Activate the tool Freeze(Freeze) by clicking on the tool icon (second from bottom) or pressing the key F to mask out certain areas of the image that should not be distorted. Next, select a color from the drop-down list Freeze Color(Mask color) in section View Options(Viewing modes). The default color is red, the same color is used when working with quick mask. Paint over those areas that should be left in their current state. If an error occurs, proceed to the next step.
    2. Optional. To remove protection from masked (“frozen”) areas, activate the tool Thaw(Unfreeze), hotkey T, and draw with it.
    3. Do any of the following:
      • to invert the mask, click on the button Invert(Invert) in section Freeze Area(mask area);
      • To remove the mask from the entire image (making the entire image editable again), click the button Thaw All(Thaw everything) - see fig. 19.4;
      • to hide a mask created using the tool Freeze(Freeze), uncheck Show Frozen Areas(Show Masked Areas) under View Options(Viewing modes).
    4. Activate one of the distortion tools (press the corresponding hotkey) and draw on the image in the dialog box. The tool capabilities are listed below:
      • tool Warp(Warp)-key W- shifts the points in the direction of brush movement (Fig. 19.5, the arrow shows the direction of brush movement);
      • tool Turbulence(Excitement) - key A or tool icon - moves the points apart in the direction of brush movement. The image in the area of ​​​​action of the brush looks as if blurred by water (Fig. 19.6);
      • tools Twirl Clockwise(Twist clockwise) - key R or tool icon - and Twirl Counterclockwise(Twist counterclockwise) - key L or tool icon - rotate pixels while you hold down the mouse button or drag the image. The larger the parameter value Brush Pressure(Brush pressure), the faster the rotation occurs (Fig. 19.1);

    Rice. 19.5. Warp

    Rice. 19.6. Result of using the tool Turbulence

    Rice. 19.7. Result of using the tool Pucker

    Rice. 19.8. Result of using the tool Reflection

      • tools Pucker(Fold) - key R or pictogram Bloat(Bloat) - key IN or tool icon - move points to the center of the brush or in the opposite direction while you hold down the mouse button or drag the image (Fig. 19.7). The larger the parameter value Brush Pressure(Brush pressure), the faster the dots move;
      • tool Shift Pixels(Pixel Shift) - key S- moves pixels in a certain direction, depending on the direction of brush movement. By default, pixels are shifted to the left of the brush direction. Pressing a key Alt, you can move them to the right;
      • tool Reflection(Reflection) - key M- copies the points to the left of the brush direction line and moves them into the area of ​​effect of this tool, but only in a “reflected” form. In Fig. 19.8 shows how the tool Reflection was used to move the Seine River closer to the Eiffel Tower in the image. The result is a magnificent reflection effect. It only took two brush strokes.

    The specified tool used points to the right of the top line (upper stroke) and to the left of the bottom line (stroke). Pressing a key Alt, you can copy points on the opposite side relative to the position of the brush (Fig. 19.9).

    Try to freeze the area whose points you want to reflect, and then use the tool Reflection(Reflection).

    1. In order to partially or completely cancel the action of a command Liquify(Distort), follow the instructions in this chapter, section "Image Reconstruction".
    2. Click the button OK to fix changes made and return to the image window.

    To apply the tool Freeze to a specific area, select it before using the command Liquify(Distort). Save the selection in the alpha channel, then use the command Liquify from the menu Image(Image) and then in the pop-up menu Channel(Channel) section Freeze Area(Mask area) find the alpha channel. You can click the button Invert(Invert) to swap masked and unmasked areas of the image.

    Rice. 19.9. Result of using the tool Reflection when the key is pressed Alt

    When you mention retouching, people often think of the impossibly flawless high fashion models and cover girls they see in magazines. In photographs of this kind there is no need to achieve realism. Instead, photographers try to create the possible out of the impossible. Flawless skin is acceptable, but at the same time it should not look like plastic. Often the task is to create and apply a similar effect to a person who is not even close to the ideal. You must know how to completely restore your skin if the task calls for you to do so. Of course, today nothing is impossible.
    In this example, we will be working with a photo of this attractive woman in her fifties.

    It's no wonder that in our youth-obsessed culture, photographers are asked to erase the faces of various writers, musicians, actors and actresses by three decades. Because movies and television are still low resolution, people often have trouble figuring out how old their favorite idols are. I'm not going to expose anyone here, so we'll just completely reconstruct this woman's skin.

    Result:

    Step 1. As usual we start by creating a new layer. IN in this case we will duplicate the background image by dragging it onto the icon creating a new layer (createnewlayer) in the layers palette. Our goal is to blur this copy as a basis for the new skin, so let's rename the layer (double-click on the copy layer name) and call it Surface Blur.

    Select Filter - Blur - Surface Blur (Filter- Blur- Surface Blur).

    Filter Surface blur (Surfaceblur) appears in Photoshop versions CS2, it is especially often used in such operations. This blur preserves the blending edges, but at the same time controls the creation of a very smooth blur. Slider Radius (Radius) controls the intensity of the blur, and the slider Threshold (Threshold) Sets how sharp the image should remain. Unlike other blur filters, high setting Threshold (Threshold) gives a greater blur effect. You need to adjust the sliders to smooth out absolutely all wrinkles and skin texture, leaving the main elements unaffected.

    Note: CS version users can use the filter Median (Median) (Filter - Noise - Median (Filter - Noise - Median). This filter only has one slider, but you can get a similar result, although not as good a smoothing effect.

    Step 2. We need to hide this blurry layer layer mask (layermask). Press and hold the Option/Alt key and click on the icon Layer Mask (Layermask) at the bottom of the Layers palette.

    This action will create a black layer mask and hide the blurred layer, revealing the original image.
    Now just paint over layer mask (layermask) white to cover the areas of skin you want to smooth.

    The area you are working on may be barely visible if you paint over everything. You can turn off the visibility of the background layer to see if there are any gaps left. To do this, click on the eye icon next to the background layer thumbnail in the layers palette.

    Carefully avoid those areas that need to be preserved when painting over “bad” skin - eyes, lips, etc. On at this stage you should end up with something similar to the image below:

    Step 3. The skin will be smoother, but colors and tones may appear patchy. To fix this, create new layer, but to do this, hold down the Option/Alt key and click on the create icon new layer (newlayer), to bring up the options dialog new layer (newlayer).

    Note translator: If, after completing the manipulations, a window does not open for you, like the author, try going the following way: Layer - New - Layer ( Layer - New - Layer )

    Check the box next to Use Previous Layer To Create Clipping Mask.

    This will allow the previous layer's mask to control the new layer being painted.
    Take a large soft brush and sample the colors from the blurred skin (Option/Alt + click to turn the cursor into Pipette (eyedropper) and take a color sample) and paint with a very low opacity (opacity), to gradually smooth out the colors and tones.

    At this point, you want to restore some hints of your original skin. Select the blurred layer by clicking on its thumbnail in the layers palette. Move the slider opacity (opacity) slightly to the left to reveal the old skin.

    Step 4. Now we need to create Dodge and Burn layers and lighten any unattractive wrinkles on the left. Option/Alt + click on the creation icon new layer (newlayer) at the bottom of the Layers palette. This action will open the creation dialog box new layer (newlayer).

    Note translator: if, after completing the manipulations, a window does not open for you, like the author, try going the following way: Layer - New - Layer ( Layer - New - Layer ) , the required window should now open in front of you.

    Change mode (mode) on Soft light (SoftLight), and then mark Fill with a neutral color using the Soft Light mode. This action will fill the new layer with 50% gray(50% gray). You must save the mask you created for the blurred layer. Use the tool Clarifier (Dodge) to lighten wrinkles. In the picture you can see what the lightening layer will look like if you change the mode from soft light (SoftLight) on Normal/Normal (Normal).

    In this case, the woman's skin showed up being very smoothed out with just a little bit of the texture of the original skin. To protect the image from the plastic effect, you need to add even more texture to the skin. I experimented with all kinds different approaches. Although I am not entirely satisfied with the technology presented, at the moment It suited me to imitate skin texture. I will continue to experiment until I find the best texture.

    Step 5. So again create a new gray layer overlap (overlay). Option/Alt + click on the creation icon new layer (newlayer) at the bottom of the Layers palette to open the New Layer dialog box. Check the box next to Use Previous Layer To Create Clipping Mask, select Overlap (Overlay) from the dropdown menu modes (mode) and mark Fill with a neutral color in the Overlay mode (Fill WithOverlay-Neutral Color)(50% gray).

    The layers palette should look like the image below:

    The last three layers have been adjusted opacity (opacity) And masklayer (layermask) blur layer. To get a clearer idea of ​​how the Texture layer will affect some things, temporarily increase opacity (opacity) blurred layer to 100%. You won't see the original texture, but you will see the texture you are about to create. You will also see lightened lines where wrinkles were lightened; you can temporarily turn off the visibility of this layer if you find it distracting.

    Step 6. Select the Texture layer in Overlay mode and go to the filter Noise (Noise) (Filter - Noise - Add Noise (Filter - Noise - addnoise). Check the boxes Uniform (uniform) And Monochrome (Monochromatic) and add enough noise to make the image look like a 3D movie frame.

    The ideal value for this filter depends on the file size and resolution. Essentially, there are no hard and fast rules that apply to all images. Use your own discretion and sometimes do a test print to evaluate subtle effects such as noise.
    Many photographers would opt for this effect, but the noise is too harsh for our purposes. With the Texture layer selected and set to Overlay mode, go to the filter Blur (Blur) (Filter - Blur - Gaussian Blur (Filter - Blur - GaussianBlur)), use just a little blur to soften noisy edges without completely smoothing them out.

    Step 7 Sometimes this is enough to do what you want, but usually I create a more complex set of textures to simulate real leather. So go to filter Embossing (Emboss) (Filter - Stylize - Emboss (Filter - Stylize - Emboss)).

    The texture still looks unattractive, so it needs to be toned down a bit. You can convert any filter correctly after using the command Loosen (Fade). Go to menu Editing (Edit) (immediately after applying the filter) and select Editing - Loosen embossing (Edit - FadeEmboss).

    Go back to the blurred layer and make it smaller opacity (opacity) up to approximately 70%. You should end up with something similar to the image below:

    Let's compare it with skin that has not been retouched.

    Step 8 For the final retouched work, I brightened the eyes, applied a light eyeshadow, and darkened the edges a bit.

    Since the entire retouching process was done on layers controlled by the blur layer, you can reduce it a bit if you wish opacity (opacity), to get a more realistic rendering.

    Warping images is a fairly common technique in Photoshop. The functionality of the program includes many options for distorting objects - from simple “flattening” to giving the picture the appearance of a water surface or smoke.

    It is important to understand that deformation can significantly degrade image quality, so you should use such tools with caution.

    In this lesson we will look at several methods of deformation.

    Several methods are used to deform objects in Photoshop. Let's list the main ones.

    • Additional feature "Free Transformation" called "Deformation";
    • Puppet deformation . Quite a specific tool, but at the same time quite interesting;
    • Filters from the block "Distortion" the corresponding menu;
    • Plugin "Plastic".

    In the lesson we will mock this pre-prepared image:

    Method 1: Warp

    As mentioned above, "Deformation" is an addition to "Free transformation", which is called by a hotkey combination CTRL+T, or from the menu "Editing".

    The function we need is in context menu, which opens after clicking the right mouse button when activated "Free transformation".

    "Deformation" imposes a mesh with special properties on an object.

    On the grid we see several markers, acting on which can distort the picture. In addition, all grid nodes are also functional, including segments bounded by lines. It follows from this that you can deform the image by pulling any point that is inside the frame.

    The parameters are applied in the usual way– by pressing a key ENTER.

    Method 2: Puppet Warp

    Located "Puppet Warp" in the same place as all the transformation tools - in the menu "Editing".

    The principle of operation is to fix certain points of the image with special "pins", with the help of one of which deformation is performed. The remaining points remain motionless.

    Pins can be placed in any place, guided by needs.

    The tool is interesting because it can be used to distort objects with maximum control over the process.

    Method 3: Distortion filters

    The filters in this block are designed to deform images in various ways.

    1. Wave.
      This plugin allows you to distort an object either manually or randomly. It’s difficult to advise anything here, since the images different shapes behave differently. Great for creating smoke and other similar effects.

    2. Distortion.
      The filter allows you to simulate convexity or concavity of planes. In some cases, it can help eliminate camera lens distortion.

    3. Zigzag.
      "Zigzag" creates the effect of intersecting waves. On straight elements it fully lives up to its name.

    4. Curvature.
      Very similar to "Deformation" instrument, with the only difference being that it has much fewer degrees of freedom. With it you can quickly create arcs from straight lines.

    5. Spherization.
      Action plugin reverse action filter "Distortion".

    Method 4: Plastic surgery

    This plugin is a universal “deformer” of any objects. Its possibilities are endless. By using "Plastics" you can perform almost all the actions described above. Read more about the filter in the lesson.

    These are the ways to deform images in Photoshop. Most often they use the first one - the function "Deformation", but at the same time, other options may help in any specific situation.

    Practice using all types of distortion to improve your skills in our favorite program.

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