• What is the difference between ips and tft. Comparison of smartphone matrices. What is the difference between TN, IPS, AMOLED technologies

    Abbreviations are usually used to indicate characteristics or specifics. IN in this case There is terrible confusion regarding the comparison of IPS and TFT screens, because IPS technology (matrix) is a type of TFT matrix and nothing more. It is impossible to compare these 2 technologies with each other.

    BUT! There is TN-TFT technology - you can make a choice and compare between it and IPS. Therefore, when we talk about which screen is better: IPS or TFT, we mean TFT screens in any case, but made on the basis different technologies: TN and IPS.

    Briefly about TN-TFT and IPS

    TN-TFT is the technology on which the LCD screen matrix is ​​made. Here the crystals, when no voltage is applied to their cells, “look” at each other at an angle of 90 degrees. They are arranged in a spiral, and when voltage is applied to them, they rotate in such a way as to form the desired color.

    IPS – this technology is different in that here the crystals are arranged parallel to each other in a single plane of the screen (in the first case, spirally). This is all complicated... in practice, the difference between TN and IPS screens is that IPS displays blacks perfectly, resulting in sharper and richer images.

    As for TN-TFT, the color rendering quality of this matrix does not inspire confidence. Here, each pixel can have its own hue, hence the colors are distorted. IPS matrices show the picture much better and also handle colors more carefully. IPS also allows you to observe what is happening on the screen from a large angle. If you look at a TN-TFT screen from the same angle, the colors will be distorted so much that it will be difficult to make out the picture.

    Advantages of TN

    However, TN-TFT matrices have their own advantages. The main one is more low speed pixel response. IPS needs more time to rotate the entire array of parallel crystals to the desired angle. Therefore, if we are talking about choosing a monitor for games or for displaying dynamic scenes, when drawing speed is very important, then it is best to choose screens based on TN-TFT technology.

    On the other hand, when regular work With a PC, the difference in pixel response time is impossible to notice. It is only visible when viewing dynamic scenes, which often happens in action films and video games.

    Another plus is low energy consumption. IPS matrices are energy-intensive, because to rotate the crystal array they need high voltage. Therefore, TFT based screens are better suited for mobile gadgets, where the issue of saving battery energy is acute.

    And one more thing - TN-TFT matrices are cheap. You cannot find a monitor today (not counting used or CRT models) that is cheaper than a model based on TN technology. Any budget device electronics with a screen will definitely use a TN-TFT matrix.

    So, which screen is better:TFT orIPS:

    1. IPS is less responsive due to longer response time (bad for games and action scenes);
    2. IPS guarantees almost perfect color reproduction and contrast;
    3. IPS has a wider viewing angle;
    4. IPS are energy-hungry and consume more electricity;
    5. They are also more expensive, while TN-TFT are cheap.

    That, in principle, is the whole difference between these matrices. If you take into account all the advantages and disadvantages, then, of course, it is easy to come to a specific conclusion: IPS screens are much better.


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    As is usually the case with abbreviations used to denote specifics and technical characteristics, there is confusion and substitution of concepts in relation to TFT and IPS. Largely thanks to unqualified descriptions electronic devices In catalogues, consumers pose the question of choice initially incorrectly. So, the IPS matrix is ​​a type of TFT matrix, so it is impossible to compare these two categories with each other. However, for Russian consumers, the abbreviation TFT often means TN-TFT technology, and in this case a choice can already be made. So speaking of differences TFT screens and IPS, we will mean TFT screens made using TN and IPS technologies.

    TN-TFT- technology for making a matrix of a liquid crystal (thin-film transistor) screen, when the crystals, in the absence of voltage, are rotated to each other at an angle of 90 degrees in the horizontal plane between two plates. The crystals are arranged in a spiral, and as a result, when fed maximum voltage The crystals rotate in such a way that when light passes through them, black pixels are formed. Without tension - white.

    IPS- technology for making a matrix of a liquid crystal (thin-film transistor) screen, when the crystals are located parallel to each other along a single plane of the screen, and not spirally. In the absence of voltage, the liquid crystal molecules do not rotate.

    In practice the most important difference The IPS matrix from the TN-TFT matrix consists of an increased level of contrast due to the almost perfect display of black color. The picture turns out clearer.

    The color rendering quality of TN-TFT matrices leaves much to be desired. Each pixel in this case may have its own shade, different from the others, resulting in distorted colors. IPS already treats images much more carefully.

    On the left is a tablet with a TN-TFT matrix. On the right is a tablet with an IPS matrix

    The response speed of TN-TFT is slightly higher than that of other matrices. IPS takes time to rotate the entire parallel die array. Thus, when performing tasks where drawing speed is important, it is much more profitable to use TN matrices. On the other hand, in everyday use a person does not notice the difference in response time.

    Monitors and displays based on IPS matrices are much more energy-intensive. This is due high level voltage required to rotate the crystal array. Therefore, the tasks of energy saving in mobile and portable devices answers more technology TN-TFT.

    IPS-based screens have wide viewing angles, meaning they do not distort or invert colors when viewed at an angle. Unlike TN, IPS viewing angles are 178 degrees both vertically and horizontally.

    Another difference that is important for the end consumer is the price. TN-TFT today is the cheapest and most widespread version of the matrix, which is why it is used in budget electronics models.

    Conclusions website

    1. IPS screens are less responsive and have longer response times.
    2. IPS screens provide better color reproduction and contrast.
    3. The viewing angles of IPS screens are significantly greater.
    4. IPS screens require more power.
    5. IPS screens are more expensive.

    This technology for manufacturing matrices has already become firmly established modern world. She has enough competitors.

    But in order to understand which technology is better, you need to understand what IPS matrices are and why they are better.

    The name “IPS” itself stands for In-Plan-Switching, which can be literally translated as "intra-site switching".

    Simply put, this technology allows you to display a picture on a monitor with a more active matrix.

    IPS matrices mean a type of liquid crystal screen. This type was discovered by Hitachi and NEC as a result of research in 1996.

    On at the moment LG has also taken up improving this technology. We developed this technology as an alternative to TN+film LCD displays.

    Quite a lot of manufacturers use equipment with this type of display manufacturing technology, since it can significantly improve color rendition and image quality.

    The operation of liquid crystal screens is based on polarization.

    Typically, the light we see is not polarized. This means that its waves lie in many different planes.

    There are substances that can bend light into one plane, and such substances are called polarizers.

    Light will not be able to pass through two polarizers whose planes are located 90 degrees relative to each other.

    When another substance is placed between them, capable of changing the vector of incidence of light to the required angle, then we will be able to control the brightness.

    The simplest LCD screen matrix contains the following parts:

    • Backlight lamp, mostly mercury;
    • Reflectors and polymer light guides, which in the system provide uniform illumination;
    • Polarizer filter;
    • Glass plate substrate with contacts applied to it;
    • Liquid crystals;
    • Another polarizer;
    • Covering glass substrate with contacts.

    In addition to the standard filter, the color matrices have a built-in color filter. Each pixel consists of dots of three colors, collected in cells - red, blue and green.

    Each of the cells is either on or off, thereby forming shades and colors. If you turn on all the cells at the same time, it will give white color.

    Matrices can be divided into passive and active. Passives are otherwise called simple.

    In them, control is pixel-by-pixel, which means from cell to cell.

    When manufacturing liquid crystal screens using this technology, a problem often arises that as the diagonal increases, the lengths of the conductors that transmit current to the pixels automatically increase.

    This problem is expressed in the fact that if the conductors are too long, during the transfer of changes to the last pixel, the first one will already be discharged and turn off.

    Also, due to the long length, the tension deteriorates.

    This problem was solved by the creation of active matrices. The main technology was TFT (Thin Film Transistor).

    This technology makes it possible to control pixels individually, which significantly reduces the response time of the matrix.

    Thus, it became possible to create monitors and televisions with the largest diagonals.

    The transistors are located separately and do not depend on each other. Each pixel cell has its own transistor.

    To prevent the cell from losing charge, a capacitor is connected to the pixels, which acts as a capacitance buffer.

    Thanks to this, the reaction time is significantly reduced.

    Types of IPS matrices

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    For all the time that exists this technology, many types of IPS matrices have been created. They were improved for clearer and higher-quality image transmission.

    Today there are 7 types of matrices:

    1 S-IPS ( Super IPS) – This type was created in 1998. It has significantly increased image contrast and reduced response time.

    2 AS-IPS (Advanced Super IPS) – This technology was discovered in 2002. It has increased brightness and further increased contrast, due to which the quality of image transmission has significantly improved.

    3 H-IPS (Horizontal IPS) – This type was created in 2007. In it, the developers optimized the transmission white, and also increased the contrast even further. This improvement made it possible to make pictures with more naturalness. Photo editors were most pleased with this improvement, since many details became more visible when editing photo elements.

    4 E-IPS (Enhanced-IPS) - This type was developed in 2009. The innovation has reduced response time and improved transparency. Also, such matrices have lower power consumption. This is achieved by installing low-power and inexpensive backlight paws in them. Accordingly, image quality is slightly reduced due to lower power consumption.

    5 P-IPS (Professional IPS) – In 2010, more than new look IPS. The number of colors and shades was significantly increased, making the image even more colorful and detailed. This type of matrix is ​​used in more professional equipment, so it is more expensive.

    6 S-IPS II (Super IPS II) – An improved version of the first type. It was developed immediately after P-IPS.

    7 AH-IPS (Advanced High IPS) – Today, this is the most best view IPS matrix, which was developed back in 2011. It has greatly improved naturalness, brightness and clarity transmitted image. At the moment, this type is the main one in the manufacture modern technology with displays.

    Types of backlighting for IPS matrices

    Absolutely any matrix has a built-in backlight. In IPS, the main types of backlighting are fluorescent lamps and LED backlighting (light emitting diode).

    Fluorescent is a more outdated type of lighting. Today it is quite rare to find her. This type of lighting began to disappear from the market in 2010.

    LED backlighting is found in 90% of matrices. It improves color reproduction and brightness of screens.

    When choosing a matrix, you should undoubtedly give preference to screens and monitors with this type of backlight.

    It will also increase the contrast and clarity of the image on the screen and will prevent your eyes from getting tired when long work on a computer or tablet.

    Advantages and Disadvantages of IPS

    This type of matrix has large number benefits.

    The main one is improved color rendering and brightness.

    You can also note the increased viewing angles, thanks to which the image will be clearly visible from any angle.

    Another integral advantage is that the pixels are very clearly visible on this type of matrix.

    Users note that the black color on the IPS matrix is ​​blacker.

    Other colors are more saturated on the screen.

    Among the disadvantages, one can note the high cost.

    Despite the fact that the technology has been on the market for quite some time, its cost is still high.

    This is due to higher performance, as well as the high cost of raw materials.

    Another disadvantage is low performance. While for TN matrices the image switching time is 1 ms, for IPS this figure is 8-10 ms.

    Users also noted high inertia, which slightly slows down the frame rate when watching movies in 3D format.

    Comparison of IPS and TFT displays

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    TFT displays are a type of LCD display that uses an active matrix controlled by thin film transistors. She enhances every pixel, improves performance and contrast.

    The most advanced creation is considered to be TFT IPS (IPS is a type of TFT), this is manifested in the fact that the liquid crystals in it are arranged in parallel, when current passes through them, they slenderly and quickly turn in the other direction.

    The viewing angle of such displays reaches 180 degrees, and the picture has high contrast and good color rendition.

    Latest models iPhones and iPads chose the IPS version, but the number of pixels per specific unit of area.

    This may be an indication of which of these options is more worthwhile, reliable and has the potential for development.

    TVs with IPS

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    The screen diagonal of this TV is 40”. It is also equipped with an IPS matrix.

    The screen is thin and the design is very high quality. Resolution 1920x1080 pixels.

    The backlight is LED. Since the matrix is ​​installed with IPS technology, the viewing angles are corresponding – 178 degrees.

    This model has the same diagonal as the previous one – 40”.

    Equipped with an IPS matrix, which is illuminated using strip-type LED backlighting.

    The resolution of this TV is standard – 1920x1080 pixels. Viewing angles correspond to the standard matrix type and are 178 degrees.

    LG 32LF510U

    Since LG has been improving IPS matrix technology in recent years, they undoubtedly supply their own equipment with this type of matrix.

    This TV model has a diagonal of 32” and a resolution of 1366x768 pixels. However, this does not affect the image quality in any way.

    The viewing angles, like all devices with an IPS matrix, are 178 degrees.

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    The screen of this laptop model has a diagonal of 14” with a built-in IPS matrix.

    The matte finish of the Acer SWIFT 3 screen does not reflect when exposed to direct light.

    The viewing angle is 178 degrees, which is the standard for this type of matrix. Resolution - 1920x1080 pixels.

    This laptop model has an IPS matrix with a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels or 3840x2160 pixels (depending on the modification). Screen diagonal 15.6“.

    The viewing angle is standard for IPS 178 degrees.

    With the development of display production technologies, users are increasingly faced with questions when choosing suitable monitor. In addition to its physical dimensions, in particular the diagonal of the visible zone, it is necessary to select the type of matrix and related parameters - contrast, color rendering, response time, etc. Choosing a monitor, understanding all these subtleties, will not be difficult. a lot of work, if you first study the principles of its operation and the main characteristics of its main component - the matrix, which will be discussed below.

    Comparison of matrix types at different viewing angles

    Understanding displays and their components

    A computer monitor, for all its apparent simplicity, is a very technically complex component, which, like other hardware, has many different parameters, manufacturing technologies, and characteristics. Almost all PC displays consist of the following parts:

    • a housing that contains all the electronic components. The case also has mounts for mounting the display on vertical or horizontal surfaces;
    • matrix or screen - the main component of the monitor on which the output depends graphic information. IN modern devices Various monitor matrices are used, differing in many parameters, among which resolution, response time, brightness, color rendition and contrast are of paramount importance;
    • power supply - part of the electronic circuit responsible for converting current and powering all other electronics;
    • electronic components on special boards responsible for converting signals received by the monitor and their subsequent output to the display for display;
    • other components, which may include low-power speaker system, USB hubs and more.

    The set of basic parameters of the display, on the basis of which it is made, determines the scope of its use. Inexpensive consumer monitors may be equipped with screens with not the most impressive characteristics, since similar devices most often inexpensive and not required for work in professional graphics applications. Displays for professional gamers must first of all have minimal latency, as this is critical in modern games. Displays for graphic editors, used by designers, are distinguished by the highest brightness levels, color rendering and contrast levels, because accurate image reproduction plays the most important role here.
    Currently, displays found on the market typically use several types of matrices. IN technical descriptions you can find a large number of monitors, but this diversity may be based on the same basic technologies, improved or slightly modified to improve their performance. These main types of screens include the following.

    1. "Twisted Nematic" or TN matrix. Previously, the prefix “Film” was added to the name of this technology, meaning an additional film on its surface, increasing the viewing angle. But this designation is becoming less and less common in descriptions, since most matrices produced today are already equipped with it.
    2. “In-Plane Switching” or IPS matrix type, as the more common abbreviated name.
    3. "Multidomain Vertical Alignment" or MVA matrices. A more modern incarnation of this technology is referred to as the VA matrix. This technology also differs in its advantages and disadvantages and is something in between those presented above.
    4. "Patterned Vertical Alignment". A type of MVA technology that was developed as a competitive response to its creators, Fujitsu.
    5. "Plane-to-Line Switching". This is one of the newest types of display matrices, which was developed relatively recently - in 2010. The only drawback of this type of matrix, with other characteristics superior to competing technologies, is the relatively long time response. Also, the PLS matrix is ​​very expensive.

    Matrix TN, TN+film

    The TN matrix type is one of the most common and at the same time it is a very outdated manufacturing technology by modern standards. It was with this type of matrix that the victorious march of liquid crystal replacement to cathode ray tubes began. It is worth noting that their only indisputable advantage is their extremely short response time, and in this parameter they are superior to even more modern analogues. The remaining parameters that are critical for a monitor - image contrast, brightness and acceptable viewing angles, alas, this type matrices are no different. In addition, the cost of monitors based on this development is low and we can say that this is another advantage of the “Twisted Nematic” technology.
    The reason for the main disadvantages of Twisted Nematic lies in the technology of their production and the structure of the optical elements. In TN matrices, the crystals between the electrodes (each of which is a separate pixel in the visible zone) are arranged in a spiral when voltage is applied to them. The amount of light passing through it depends on the degree of its curvature, and the picture on the screen is formed from many such elements. But due to the uneven formation of the spiral in each element of the matrix, the level of contrast of the image displayed on it drops greatly (Fig. 1). And given that the refraction of light when passing through the formed spiral is very different from the direction of view, the viewing angle of such a matrix is ​​very small.

    Rice. 1. Comparison of IPS and TN matrices

    Displays VA/MVA/PVA

    The VA matrix was developed as an alternative to TN technologies, which were popular at that time and had already gained the loyalty of users, although not yet so widespread in the IPS market. The developers positioned its main competitive advantage as the response time, which was about 25 ms at the time of introduction to the market. Another important advantage new technology was a high level of contrast, which was ahead of similar indicators in TN and IPS matrix manufacturing technologies.
    This technology, which was originally called “Vertical Alignment,” also had a very significant drawback in the form of relatively small viewing angles. The problem was hidden in the structure of the optical elements of the matrix. The crystals of each matrix element were oriented along the voltage lines or parallel to them. This led to the fact that the viewing angle of the matrix was not only small, but also the image could differ depending on which side the user was looking at the screen from. In practice, this led to the fact that the slightest deviation in the viewing angle led to a strong gradient filling of the picture on the screen (Fig. 2).

    Rice. 2. Monitor viewing angles with MVA technology

    It was possible to get rid of this drawback with the development of technology in “Multidomain Vertical Alignment”, when groups of crystals inside the electrodes were organized into a kind of “domain”, as reflected in the name. Now they began to be placed differently within each domain that makes up an entire pixel, so the user could look at the monitor from different angles and the image would remain virtually unchanged.
    Today, displays with MVA screens are used for working with text and are practically unsuitable for dynamic images, which characterize any modern game or movies. High contrast, as well as viewing angles, allow those who work, for example, with drawings, or do a lot of printing and reading, to work confidently with them.

    Do not confuse the contrast of the matrix and such a thing as dynamic contrast of the monitor. The latter is a technology for adaptively changing screen brightness depending on the displayed image and uses the built-in backlight for this. Latest monitor models with LED backlight have excellent dynamic contrast since the LED on time is very short.

    IPS screen

    TFT IPS matrix was developed taking into account the elimination of the main disadvantages of the previous technology - “Twisted Nematic”, namely small viewing angles and poor color reproduction. Due to the peculiar arrangement of crystals in the TN matrix, the color of each pixel varied depending on the direction of view, so the user could observe a “shimmering” picture on the monitor. The TFT IPS matrix consists of crystals that are located in a parallel plane to its surface, and when voltage is applied to the electrodes of each element, they rotate at a right angle.
    Subsequent development of technology led to the emergence of such types of matrices as Super IPS, Dual Domain IPS and Advanced Coplanar Electrode IPS. All of them, one way or another, are based on the same principle with the only difference being the location of the liquid crystals. At the dawn of its appearance, the technology was distinguished by a significant disadvantage - a long response time of up to 65 ms. Its main advantage is amazing color rendition and wide viewing angles (Fig. 1), at which the image on the screen was not distorted, inverted, or an unwanted gradient did not appear.
    Monitors with IPS matrix are in great demand today and are used not only in PC displays, but also in portable devices - tablets and smartphones. They are also used mainly where the color of the picture and its most accurate rendering are important - when working with graphics software, in design, photography, etc.

    Often, many users confuse the abbreviations IPS or TFT, although in fact, these are fundamentally different concepts. "Thin Film Transistor" is general technology creating liquid crystal matrices, which can have various embodiments. “In-Plane Switching” is a specific implementation of this technology, based on a peculiar construction individual elements matrix and arrangement of liquid crystals in it. The TFT matrix can be made based on TN, VA, IPS or other technologies.

    Matrix PLS

    The PLS matrix type is the cutting edge in the development of technologies for their creation. Samsung, the developer of this unique technology, set itself the goal of producing matrices that significantly exceed the parameters of the competing technology - IPS, and in many ways it succeeded. The undoubted advantages of this technology include:

    • one of the lowest current consumption rates;
    • high level of color rendering, fully covering the sRGB range;
    • wide viewing angles;
    • high density of individual elements - pixels.

    Among the disadvantages, it is worth highlighting the response time, which does not exceed similar indicators in the “Twisted Nematic” technology (Fig. 3).

    Rice. 3. Comparison of PLS ​​(right) and TN (left)

    Important! When choosing which type of monitor matrix is ​​better, you should first of all decide on the tasks, since in many cases the purchase of the modern display may turn out to be economically unjustified. Latest developments, characterized by a high response time, are useful for professional games or viewing dynamic scenes in videos.

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    Monitors with a high level of color rendering are suitable for designers and artists. And if necessary inexpensive monitor for surfing the net and working with text, then options based on old but time-tested technologies are suitable.

    When choosing a monitor, TV or phone, the buyer is often faced with choosing the type of screen. Which one should you prefer: IPS or TFT? The reason for this confusion is the constant improvement of display technology.

    All monitors with TFT technology can be divided into three main types:

    1. TN+Film.
    2. PVA/MVA.

    That is, TFT technology is active matrix liquid crystal display, and IPS is one of the varieties of this matrix. And a comparison of these two categories is not possible, since practically they are the same thing. But if you still understand in more detail what a display with a TFT matrix is, then a comparison can be made, but not between screens, but between their manufacturing technologies: IPS and TFT-TN.

    General concept of TFT

    TFT (Thin Film Transistor) translates as thin film transistor. The LCD display with TFT technology is based on an active matrix. This technology involves a spiral arrangement of crystals, which, under conditions of high voltage, rotate in such a way that the screen turns black. And in the absence of voltage high power we see white screen. Displays with this technology output only dark gray color instead of perfect black. Therefore, TFT displays are popular mainly in the manufacture of cheaper models.

    Description of IPS

    IPS (In-Plane Switching) LCD screen matrix technology implies parallel arrangement of crystals along the entire plane of the monitor. There are no spirals here. And therefore the crystals do not rotate under conditions of strong stress. In other words, IPS technology is nothing more than an improved TFT. It conveys black color much better, thereby improving the degree of contrast and brightness of the image. This is why this technology costs more than TFT and is used in more expensive models.

    Main differences between TN-TFT and IPS

    Wanting to sell as many products as possible, sales managers mislead people into thinking that TFT and IPS are perfect different types screens. Marketing specialists do not provide comprehensive information about technologies, and this allows them to pass off an existing development as something that has just appeared.

    Looking at IPS and TFT, we see that it's practically the same thing. The only difference is that monitors with IPS technology are a more recent development compared to TN-TFT. But despite this, it is still possible to distinguish a number of differences between these categories:

    1. Increased contrast. The way black is displayed directly affects the contrast of the image. If you tilt a screen with TFT technology without IPS, it will be almost impossible to read anything. And all because the screen becomes dark when tilted. If we consider the IPS matrix, then, due to the fact that the black color is transmitted perfectly by the crystals, the image is quite clear.
    2. Color rendering and number of shades displayed. Matrix TN-TFT Not in the best possible way conveys colors. And all due to the fact that each pixel has its own shade and this leads to color distortion. A screen with IPS technology transmits images much more carefully.
    3. Response delay. One of the advantages of TN-TFT screens over IPS is high-speed response. And all because it takes a lot of time to rotate many parallel IPS crystals. From here we conclude that where the drawing speed has great value, it is better to use a TN matrix screen. Displays with IPS technology are slower, but this is not noticeable in everyday life. And to reveal this difference This can only be done by using technological tests specifically designed for this purpose. As a rule, it is better to give preference to displays with an IPS matrix.
    4. Viewing angle. Thanks to wide angle review, the screen with IPS technology does not distort images, even if you look at it at an angle of 178 degrees. Moreover, this value of the viewing angle can be both vertical and horizontal.
    5. Energy intensity. Displays with IPS technology, unlike TN-TFT, require more energy. This is due to the fact that in order to rotate parallel crystals, a large voltage is needed. As a result, it goes to the battery more load than when using TFT matrices. If you need a device with low power consumption, then TFT technology will be an ideal option.
    6. Pricing policy. In the majority budget models electronics use displays based on TN-TFT technology, since this type of matrix is ​​the most inexpensive. Today, monitors with IPS matrix, although they are more expensive, are used in almost all modern electronic models. This gradually leads to the fact that the IPS matrix is ​​practically replacing equipment with TN-TFT technology.

    Results

    Based on all of the above, we can draw the following conclusion.

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