Information technologies in the professional activities of nurses. Abstract: Application of information technologies in medicine

Introduction

Today it is no longer possible to imagine modern medicine without the use of computers, since they are an integral working tool in various fields medical activities. The introduction of computer technology in medicine has ensured high accuracy and speed of various studies and medical examinations.

Medicine is one of the most complex sciences, and in most cases even the best specialist It can be difficult to make an accurate diagnosis of the disease. In such cases, computer assistance greatly facilitates the doctor’s work, since the results of patient examinations transferred to the computer are instantly processed to identify abnormal analysis results, and within a few minutes full information about a possible diagnosis can be obtained. Of course, the final word always remains with the doctor, but the help of a computer significantly speeds up the process of making the right decision, on which the health and sometimes even the life of the patient often depends.

The use of computer technology in medicine

In modern medical institutions, doctors have long moved from paperwork to working with computers, which store the necessary information about the medical history of all patients, which allows health workers to devote more time and attention to patients, rather than “fussing” with papers. In addition, modern computer technologies help the doctor to effectively and efficiently conduct preventive examinations. For example, the cat scanner medical device is one of the most painless and precise methods study of human internal organs.

These are just a few specific examples of the use of computers in medicine, but if you dig deeper, you can see that the use computer equipment plays a vital role in medical research. With the help of computers, it is possible to study the possible consequences of impacts on the human spine and skull in car accidents. Medical databases allow specialists to always be aware of modern scientific and practical achievements. Computer networks are also widely used to exchange information about donor organs needed by critically ill patients awaiting transplantation. In addition, computers are an ideal tool for training health professionals.

In such cases, computers “play the role of the patient” and, based on the symptoms given to them, the assistant must determine the diagnosis and prescribe a course of treatment. If a student makes a mistake, the computer will immediately display it and indicate the source of the deviation. Epidemiological services cannot do without computers, which are used by computers to create epidemiological maps that make it possible to monitor the speed and direction of the spread of epidemics. We can talk about the benefits of computers in medicine for a long time, but a conclusion without an emotional computer will never be able to compare with the important decision that a person must make.

The modern period of development of society is characterized by a strong influence on it of computer technologies, which penetrate into all spheres of human activity and ensure the spread information flows in society, forming a global information space. They very quickly turned into a vital stimulus for the development of not only the world economy, but also other areas of human activity. It is difficult to find an area in which information technology is not currently used. The leading areas for the implementation of computer technology are architecture, mechanical engineering, education, banking and, of course, medicine. In many medical studies it is simply impossible to do without a computer and special software to him. Currently, countries are implementing large-scale implementation of innovative computer and nanotechnologies in the field of medicine. This process is accompanied by significant changes in medical theory and practice associated with adjustments to the training of medical workers.

Petukhova Daria Borisovna BMIb110

Introduction.
Computers in medicine
Today it is no longer possible to imagine modern medicine without the use of computers, since they are an integral working tool in various areas of medical activity. The introduction of computer technology in medicine has ensured high accuracy and speed of various studies and medical examinations.

Medicine is one of the most complex sciences, and in most cases it is difficult for even the best specialist to make an accurate diagnosis of a disease. In such cases, computer assistance greatly facilitates the doctor’s work, since the results of patient examinations transferred to the computer are instantly processed to identify abnormal analysis results, and within a few minutes full information about a possible diagnosis can be obtained. Of course, the final word always remains with the doctor, but the help of a computer significantly speeds up the process of making the right decision, on which the health and sometimes even the life of the patient often depends. In modern medical institutions, doctors have long moved from paperwork to working with computers, which store the necessary information about the medical history of all patients, which allows health workers to devote more time and attention to patients, rather than “fussing” with papers. In addition, modern computer technologies help the doctor to effectively and efficiently conduct preventive examinations. For example, a medical device called a cat scanner is one of the most painless and accurate methods for studying human internal organs.

These are just a few examples of the use of computers in medicine, but if you dig deeper, you can see that the use of computer technology plays a vital role in medical research. With the help of computers, it is possible to study the possible consequences of impacts on the human spine and skull in car accidents. Medical databases allow specialists to always be aware of modern scientific and practical achievements. Computer networks are also widely used to exchange information about donor organs needed by critically ill patients awaiting transplantation. In addition, computers are an ideal tool for training health professionals.
In such cases, computers “play the role of the patient” and, based on the symptoms given to them, the assistant must determine the diagnosis and prescribe a course of treatment. If a student makes a mistake, the computer will immediately display it and indicate the source of the deviation. Epidemiological services cannot do without computers, which are used by computers to create epidemiological maps that make it possible to monitor the speed and direction of the spread of epidemics. We can talk about the benefits of computers in medicine for a long time, but a conclusion without an emotional computer will never be able to compare with the important decision that a person must make.

The modern period of development of society is characterized by a strong influence on it of computer technologies, which penetrate into all spheres of human activity, ensure the dissemination of information flows in society, forming a global information space. They very quickly turned into a vital stimulus for the development of not only the world economy, but also other areas of human activity. It is difficult to find an area in which information technology is not currently used. The leading areas for the implementation of computer technology are architecture, mechanical engineering, education, banking and, of course, medicine. In many medical studies, it is simply impossible to do without a computer and special software for it. Currently, large-scale implementation of innovative computer and nanotechnologies in the field of medicine is underway in Kazakhstan. This process is accompanied by significant changes in medical theory and practice associated with adjustments to the training of medical workers.

Personal computers in medical practice
Over the past 20 years, the use of computers in medicine has increased enormously. Practical medicine is becoming more and more automated. There are two types computer software: software and hardware. The software includes system and application. System software includes network interface, which provides access to data on the server. Data entered into a computer is usually organized into a database, which in turn is managed application program database management system (DBMS) and may contain, in particular, medical histories, X-rays in digitized form, statistical reporting for the hospital, accounting. Application software represents programs for which, in fact, a computer is intended. These are calculations, processing of research results, various kinds of calculations, and exchange of information between computers. Complex modern research in medicine is unthinkable without the use of computer technology. Such studies include computed tomography, tomography using the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance, ultrasonography, and studies using isotopes. The amount of information that is obtained from such research is so enormous that without a computer a person would be unable to perceive and process it.
Complete system automation of the activities of a medical institution
In the Pavlodar region, medical information systems and they can be divided according to the following criteria:
Medical systems that include programs that solve narrow problems for medical specialists, such as radiologist, ultrasound, etc.
Medical systems for organizing doctors' office work and processing medical statistics. Hospital information systems
The system for collecting and processing information in modern medical centers must perform so many different functions that they cannot even be described, much less automated, in any short time. Life cycle An automated information system consists of five main stages:
- system development or acquisition finished system;
- implementation of the system;
- software maintenance;
- operation of the system;
- dismantling the system.

Telemedicine
Telemedicine is an industry modern medicine, which developed in parallel with the improvement of knowledge about the human body and health along with the development information technology. Modern medical diagnostics involve obtaining visual information about the patient’s health. Therefore, for the formation of telemedicine it was necessary information media, allowing the doctor to “see” the patient. Currently, clinical telemedicine programs exist in many information-developed countries of the world. Computer science is a branch of science that studies the structure and general properties of scientific information, as well as issues related to its collection, storage, search, processing, transformation, distribution and use in various spheres of human activity. Its medical industry, formed as a result of the introduction of information technology into one of the oldest areas of human activity, is today becoming one of the most important areas of intellectual breakthrough of medicine to new frontiers.

Computer in dentistry.
Today in Kazakhstan there is a computer in every dental clinic. Most widely used in the dental market computer programs- digital radiography systems, often called radio videographers. The systems allow you to study in detail various fragments of a tooth and periodontal image, increase or decrease the size and contrast of images, save all information in a database and, if necessary, transfer it to paper using a printer. Most famous programs: Gendex, Trophy. The second group of programs are systems for working with dental video cameras. They allow you to record in detail the condition of groups or specifically selected teeth “before” and “after” the treatment. Such programs common in Kazakhstan include: Vem Image, Acu Cam, Vista Cam, Telecam DMD.
Electronic document management modernizes the exchange of information within a dental clinic. Varying degrees of access for doctors and patients, mandatory use encryption systems for encoding diagnoses, examination results, therapeutic, surgical, orthodontic and other procedures make it possible to reliably protect any information.

Computed tomography
A method of studying the state of the human body, in which sequential, very frequent measurements of thin layers of internal organs are made. This data is recorded in a computer, which uses it to construct a complete three-dimensional image. Physical Basics measurements are varied: x-ray, magnetic, ultrasonic, nuclear, etc.
A set of devices that provide measurements, scanning, and a computer that creates a complete picture is called a tomograph (see figure).
Tomography is one of the main examples of the introduction of new information technologies in medicine. Creating this method without powerful computers it would be impossible.

Use of computers in medical laboratory research
When using a computer in laboratory medical research, a certain diagnostic algorithm is included in the program. A database of diseases is created, where each disease corresponds to certain symptoms or syndromes. During the testing process, using an algorithm, a person is asked questions. Based on his answers, symptoms (syndromes) that best correspond to the group of diseases are selected. At the end of the test, this group of diseases is given with a percentage indication - how likely this disease is for a given test taker. The higher the percentage, the higher the likelihood of this disease. Now attempts are being made to create a system (algorithm) that would produce not several, but one diagnosis. But all this is still at the development and testing stage. In general, today more than 200 computer expert systems have been created in the world.

Computer fluorography
The software for digital fluorography units, developed at the Research and Production Center for Medical Radiology, contains three main components: a complex control module, a module for recording and processing X-ray images, including a block for creating a formalized protocol, and an information storage module, containing a block for transmitting information over a distance.
This software structure allows you to use it to obtain an image, process it, save it on various media and print hard copies.
A special feature of this software product is that it fully meets the requirements for solving the problem of preventive studies of lungs in the population. The presence of a program block for filling out and storing a research protocol in the form of a standardized form creates the possibility of automating data analysis with the issuance of diagnostic recommendations, as well as automated calculation of various statistical indicators, which is very important given the significant increase in the number of pulmonary diseases in various regions of the country. The software provides the ability to transfer images and protocols using modern communication systems (including INTERNET) for the purpose of diagnostic consultations complex cases in specialized institutions. Based on this experience It was possible to formulate the basic requirements for the organization and hardware and software of a digital fluorography service, which are reflected in the draft Guidelines for organizing mass chest examinations using a digital X-ray unit, prepared with the participation of specialists from the Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Radiology. The developed software can be used not only for fluorography, but is also suitable for other pulmonary applications

Conclusion.
Medical information technologies - opportunities and prospects.
The use of new information technologies in modern medical centers will make it easy to keep a complete record of all services provided, tests taken, and prescriptions written. Also, when automating a medical institution, electronic outpatient cards and medical histories are filled out, reports are compiled and medical statistics are maintained.
Automation of medical institutions is the creation of a single information space Health care facilities, which, in turn, allows you to create automated workstations for doctors, organize the work of the medical statistics department, create databases, maintain electronic stories diseases and combine into a single whole all therapeutic, diagnostic, administrative, economic and financial processes. The use of information technology in the work of clinics or hospitals significantly simplifies a number of work processes and increases their efficiency in providing medical care residents of our region. Computers have become integral part diagnostic and treatment equipment.
Among the main trends that have developed in lately, it should be noted active use capabilities of the Internet (laboratory information system LIS MeDaP from BioKhimMak, ALTEY Laboratory system from Altey) and the desire to ensure compatibility of various software systems with each other (LIS MeDaP, as well as the Dexter and Laboratory Journal programs from Laboratory Diagnostics ).
Systems with biological feedback for diagnostics and corrective treatment (cardiac monitoring “Doctor A”, Breath Maker program for the treatment of stuttering at the Scientific Research Center of Biocybernetics) and computer monitoring tools (“Doctor A”, wearable multi-day Holter monitor “Cardiotechnics 4000” from Ecomed +, software and hardware complex “ Integrator" of the Primorsky Regional Medical Information and Analytical Center, devices for environmental monitoring of the State Research Institute of Biological Instrumentation, information and reference system of the Center for Medical Information Technologies "MEDIAL-MT").

Literatures
1. Article “Complex system for automating the activities of a medical institution” Kurbatov V.A., Kovalev G.F., Ivanova M.A., Belitsa E.I., Rogozov Yu.I., Solovyov A.B. http://diamond.ttn.ru/clause1.htm
2. Article “What is telemedicine.” Sekov Ivan Nikolaevich.
3. Soshin YaD., Kostylev V.A. Information and computer support for modern medical radiography. 2007, No. 4. P.2 5-29.
4.V.K. Akhmetova, A.S. Karmanova “Main directions of development of information technologies in oncology.” Almaty, 2008
5.G.N. Tchaikovsky, R.M. Kadushnikov, Yu.R. Yakovlev, S.A. Efremov, S.V. Somina. Karaganda Regional Medical Scientific and Practical Center “Oncology”, 2007
6.V.K. Ebel “New computer technologies in medicine”, Almaty, 2008
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1.1. Personal computers in medical practice………………... ....................... ....... ...………………………….4

1.2. Brief information about IT in medicine…………..……...………..…...4

1.4. Use of computers in medical laboratory research…………………………………………… ……...……….....6

1.6. Medical IT: opportunities and prospects……...………......8

2. MIS and local information systems…………………….………………… …………..9

2.1. MIS levels……………………………………………………….12

3. Brief history of IT…………………………………………… ….14

3.1. A look into the past: examples of MIS…………………… ……………..14

3.2. Modern idea of ​​MIS…………………………… …..16

4. Classification of MIS…………………………………………………..18

4.1. MIS market………………………………………………………..21

4.2. Prospects for the implementation of MIS……………………………………23

Introduction
Modern healthcare organizations produce and accumulate enormous amounts of data. The quality of medical care, the general standard of living of the population, the level of development of the country as a whole and each of its territorial entities in particular depend on how effectively this information is used by doctors, managers, and governing bodies. Therefore, the need to use large, and at the same time constantly growing, volumes of information when solving diagnostic, therapeutic, statistical, management and other problems determines today the creation of information systems in medical institutions.
The modern period of development of society is characterized by a strong influence on it of computer technologies, which penetrate into all spheres of human activity, ensure the dissemination of information flows in society, forming a global information space. They very quickly turned into a vital stimulus for the development of not only the world economy, but also other areas of human activity. It is difficult to find an area in which information technology is not currently used. The leading areas for the implementation of computer technology are architecture, mechanical engineering, education, banking and, of course, medicine.
The computer is increasingly used in the field of healthcare, which can be very convenient and sometimes simply necessary. Thanks to this, medicine, including alternative medicine, is acquiring completely new features today. In many medical studies, it is simply impossible to do without a computer and special software for it. This process is accompanied by significant changes in medical theory and practice associated with adjustments to the training of medical workers.
The life path of every person, to one degree or another, intersects with the doctors to whom we entrust our health and life. But the image of a medical worker and medicine in general has recently undergone strong changes, and this is largely due to the development of information technology.
The relevance of the development of information technologies is emphasized by President D.A. Medvedev at the meeting of the Presidium of the State Council “On the implementation of the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in Russian Federation”, held on July 17, 2008: “...At our presidium meetings we always consider the most pressing issues of the development of our country. These include the issue of developing the information society in the Russian Federation. I won’t say platitudes, it is obvious that in the 21st century the main focus is on the development of information and communication technologies. That says it all..."
Also, for the first time, issues of informatization were highlighted in the project “Concept for the development of the healthcare system in the Russian Federation until 2020.” in sections of the draft Concept 2.7. and 4.2.8 “Informatization of healthcare”.
Moreover, it becomes obvious that the health, and therefore the prosperity of the entire nation, will depend on the effectiveness of the implementation of information technologies in medicine in the near future.

1. Information technologies in medicine.

Personal computers in medical practice

1.2. Brief information about IT in medicine
Information technology (IT) is an ordered set of methods and techniques for collecting, processing, accumulating, storing, searching for distribution, protecting and consuming information carried out in the process of management activities.
Modern IT widely uses computers, computer networks and all kinds of software in the management process. The purpose of introducing information technologies is to create information systems (IS) for analysis and making management decisions based on them. Information technology includes two factors - machine and human. The specific embodiment of information technology is mainly automated systems, and only in this case is it customary to talk about computer technology. Modern information technologies are characterized by the following capabilities:

end-to-end information support at all stages of information flow based on integrated databases providing a single unified presentation form, storage, search, display, recovery and data protection;
paperless document processing;
possibilities collaboration based on network technology, united by means of communication;
the possibility of adaptive restructuring of forms and methods of presenting information in the process of solving a problem.

1.3. Computed tomography
A method of studying the state of the human body, in which sequential, very frequent measurements of thin layers of internal organs are made. This data is recorded in a computer, which uses it to construct a complete three-dimensional image. The physical basis of measurements is varied: X-ray, magnetic, ultrasonic, nuclear, etc.
A set of devices that provide measurements, scanning, and a computer that creates a complete picture is called a tomograph (see figure).
Tomography is one of the main examples of the introduction of new information technologies in medicine. Creating this method without powerful computers would have been impossible.

1.4. Use of computers in medical laboratory research
When using a computer in laboratory medical research, a certain diagnostic algorithm is included in the program. A database of diseases is created, where each disease corresponds to certain symptoms or syndromes. During the testing process, using an algorithm, a person is asked questions. Based on his answers, symptoms (syndromes) that best correspond to the group of diseases are selected. At the end of the test, this group of diseases is given with a percentage indication - how likely this disease is for a given test taker. The higher the percentage, the higher the likelihood of this disease. Now attempts are being made to create a system (algorithm) that would produce not several, but one diagnosis. But all this is still at the development and testing stage. In general, today more than 200 computer expert systems have been created in the world.

1.5.Computer fluorography
The software for digital fluorography units, developed at the Research and Production Center for Medical Radiology, contains three main components: a complex control module, a module for recording and processing X-ray images, including a block for creating a formalized protocol, and an information storage module, containing a block for transmitting information over a distance. This software structure allows you to use it to obtain an image, process it, save it on various media and print hard copies.
A special feature of this software product is that it fully meets the requirements for solving the problem of preventive studies of lungs in the population. The presence of a program block for filling out and storing a research protocol in the form of a standardized form creates the possibility of automating data analysis with the issuance of diagnostic recommendations, as well as automated calculation of various statistical indicators, which is very important given the significant increase in the number of pulmonary diseases in various regions of the country. The software provides the ability to transfer images and protocols using modern communication systems (including INTERNET) for the purpose of consulting diagnostically complex cases in specialized institutions. Based on this experience, it was possible to formulate the basic requirements for the organization and hardware and software of a digital fluorography service, which are reflected in the draft Guidelines for organizing mass chest examinations using a digital X-ray unit, prepared with the participation of specialists from the Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Radiology. The developed software can be used not only for fluorography, but is also suitable for other pulmonary applications

1.6. Medical information technologies: opportunities and prospects
The medical information system of the Pavlodar region is designed to improve the quality and accessibility of medical services. The use of new information technologies in modern medical centers will make it easy to keep a complete record of all services provided, tests taken, and prescriptions written. Also, when automating a medical institution, electronic outpatient cards and medical histories are filled out, reports are compiled and medical statistics are maintained. Automation of medical institutions is the creation of a unified information space for health care facilities, which, in turn, allows you to create automated workplaces for doctors, organize the work of the medical statistics department, create databases, maintain electronic medical records and combine into a single whole all medical, diagnostic, administrative, economic and financial processes. The use of information technology in the work of clinics or hospitals significantly simplifies a number of work processes and increases their efficiency in providing medical care to residents of our region.

2 Medical information systems and local information networks

Creation of a unified information space;
Monitoring and management of the quality of medical care;
Increasing the transparency of the activities of medical institutions and the effectiveness of management decisions;
Analysis of economic aspects of medical care;
Reducing the time required for examination and treatment of patients;
The introduction of MIS has a positive effect on all participants in the healthcare system.

Benefits for the patient:

Treatment efficiency:
the doctor has more time to work with patients by reducing “paperwork”;
the efficiency of obtaining diagnostic data increases the speed of prescription and the effectiveness of appropriate treatment;
accumulation of patient data for any number of years with the ability to view his previous medical records;
reducing the risk of losing patient information;
Minimizing time spent:
the ability to create an optimal schedule of patient visits to diagnostic and treatment rooms in a minimum period of time;
lack of queues at treatment and diagnostic rooms;
quick receipt of examination results and discharge summary in printed or electronic form;
Benefits for the attending physician:
Treatment efficiency:
the ability to view previous patient records;
the ability to obtain information from the enterprise’s pharmacy warehouse about the availability of medicines;
availability of any information from the medical history in real time
Minimizing time spent:
reduction of redundant manual labor costs for rewriting the same data;
facilitating the search for reference data and working with reference literature;
automatic encoding of diagnoses using ICD-10 codes;
using templates (frequently used phrases) when filling out a medical history;
automated receipt of discharge summary;
For the Department and Ministry of Health:
comparison of the activities of various healthcare institutions based on data coming from various regions of the Russian Federation;
timely adoption of important strategic and tactical decisions based on the analysis of real-time data;

2.1. MIS levels

According to employees of the American Institute of Medical Records (Medical Records Institute, USA), in fact, 5 different levels of computerization for MIS can be distinguished.
The FIRST level of MIS is automated medical records. This level is characterized by the fact that only about 50% of the patient’s information is entered into the computer system and is issued to its users in various forms in the form of reports. In other words, such a computer system is a kind of automated environment around the “paper” technology of patient management. Such automated systems usually cover patient registration, discharge, intra-hospital transfers, entering diagnostic information, appointments, operations, financial issues, run parallel to “paperwork” and serve primarily for various types of reporting.
The SECOND level of the MIS is the Computerized Medical Record System. At this level of MIS development, those medical documents that were not previously entered into electronic memory (primarily we are talking about information from diagnostic devices received in the form of various types of printouts, scanograms, topograms, etc.) are indexed, scanned and stored in electronic systems. image storage (usually on magneto-optical storage devices). The successful implementation of such MIS began almost only in 1993.
The THIRD level of MIS development is the introduction of electronic medical records (Electronic Medical Records). In this case, the medical institution must develop an appropriate infrastructure for entering, processing and storing information from its workplaces. Users must be identified by the system and given access rights appropriate to their status. The structure of electronic medical records is determined by computer processing capabilities. At the third level of MIS development, an electronic medical record can already play an active role in the decision-making process and integration with expert systems, for example, when making a diagnosis, choosing medications taking into account the patient’s current somatic and allergic status, etc.
At the FOURTH level of MIS development, which the authors called electronic medical record systems (Electronic Patient Record Systems or, according to other sources, Computer-based Patient Record Systems), patient records have many more sources of information. They contain all the relevant medical information about a particular patient, the sources of which can be either one or several medical institutions. For this level of development, a national or international system for identifying patients, a unified system of terminology, information structure, coding, etc. are necessary.
The FIFTH level of MIS development is called the Electronic Health Record. It differs from an electronic patient record system in that there are virtually unlimited sources of information about a patient's health. Information appears from the areas of alternative medicine, behavioral activities (smoking, playing sports, using diets, etc.).
Currently, the first, second or third level of MIS development has been implemented in different regions. The next level may have been achieved in small regions by 2010, but overall it is likely that it will not be introduced into the health system until the economic situation stabilizes.

3 Brief history of IT
3.1. Hindsight: Examples of MIS

To better understand the state of affairs today, it is necessary to look back in history. The style of the past was to design any system by thinking of it as a sequence of operations that achieved a predetermined goal reflecting overall health care utility. It was supposed to provide solutions to a certain range of problems. Here are some of the examples of MIS of the cybernetic era, when the desire to manage systems rather than intelligent information processing dominated in the ideas of developers and customers.
The first attempts were made to use IS to manage a hospital, or more precisely, to process data to “detect diseases, make decisions on admission, for inpatient monitoring and treatment, discharge from the clinic, and post-discharge monitoring.” The hardware platform for such systems was based on computers of the Minsk 22/23/32 and EC 1020/30/40 type. Communication between hospitals and government agencies was provided by data transmission equipment such as the Ob or subscriber telegraph.
In the United States, even then, the Kaiser MIS was constantly operating with a computer center in Oakland, serving 1.5 million patients, 51 clinics and two hospitals. 2 thousand doctors and 13 thousand medical staff had access to it. It included several subsystems: accelerated mass survey of the population with automatic data processing and delivery of results (20 stations, each of which served one person per minute); processing data related to patient admission; collecting diagnostic results, doctors’ orders and reports on the condition of patients, etc. (50 reception and examination points were used); recording the medications used and analyzing their impact on patients (centralized processing of data received from all institutions included in the MIS was carried out); information about new examination methods that increase the efficiency of doctors and free them from filling out documents manually.
In our country, such work was carried out by the automated control system of the USSR Ministry of Health. At first the M-222 computer was used, and then it was replaced by a more powerful ES computer. The main information resource for all accounting MIS was data from card No. 261, practically a state standard for various services of the Ministry of Health and other institutions.
MIS based on the M-220 computer were also created and operated for diagnosing various diseases. For example, at the Institute of Surgery named after. A.V. Vishnevsky, the attending physician, using such a system, could assess the patient’s condition after surgery and possible complications. At the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery named after. A.N. Bakulev’s own diagnostic and monitoring MIS on the Minsk-23 computer made it possible to analyze body parameters and conditions of artificial circulation during open-heart surgery and great vessels.
In the USA in the 50s, developments were carried out in the field of information systems for medicine as part of the MedNet project. In the USSR at the same time, organizations of the Ministry of Health carried out developments in the field of automation of systems for storing diagnostic data on addiction and psychology. Since 1965, differences have emerged in the directions of development of information systems for medicine. In the United States, in connection with the development of the health insurance system and the government-approved MediCare program, joint information and telecommunication systems began to intensively develop, which gave rise to the term telemedicine. In the USSR, there was a different medical care system, and the intensive development of telemedicine was not relevant in the practical sphere of healthcare. However, since 1992, the term telemedicine began to be filled with content in Russia.
In the USA, the cost of creating and modernizing medical information systems is about 8.5 billion dollars per year. The capacity of the domestic market for medical information systems is $20 million. USA.

3.2. Modern ideas about MIS

It is advisable to consider the functional features of healthcare as a system based on ideas about MIS. In Russia, healthcare still exists at the traditional organizational level, as an administrative system, and all attempts to create an IS based on it are fragmented, which reflects not only the fundamental difficulties of integration solutions, but also, above all, the enormity of its physical dimensions, as well as the required volumes of all kinds of funds for other implementations that seriously change the organizational structure.
The first attempts to create an industrial automated control system, as described above, were made by the USSR Ministry of Health. To date, many narrow-profile MIS have appeared that implement individual structural and functional needs of healthcare and, even more broadly, medicine. These include various types of systems for medical institutions, such as a district hospital, pharmacy, etc.
Recently, national and international MIS integration projects have begun to appear, for example on telemedicine in the countries of the European Union and in Russia. This is due to the fact that, on the one hand, the world community implements the principle of equal opportunities for citizens, including in the field of healthcare, and on the other hand, the level of IT development, achievements of science and technology make it possible not only to realistically assess financial and organizational problems of creating such MIS, but also to begin their implementation.
At the same time, existing and projected MIS mainly perform individual functions of an information system - from a number of workstations to help organize information services to the accounting information system of a medical institution or the most important processes related to healthcare (for example, information support for postoperative patients or maintaining medical statistics).
etc.............

What is the importance of computers in medicine? How computer technology can be used in medical field? Read this article to find the answers.

Computers play a key role in almost every area of ​​life. They facilitate the storage of huge amounts of data and allow you to quickly process information, and they also have built-in intelligence that, in combination with human intelligence, can work wonders. Because of their intelligence and speed, computers operate at a level close to that of the human brain. Therefore, they can be used in various fields such as mechanical engineering, information processing and storage, planning and scheduling, network equipment, education, and health and medicine.

Computers in the medical field

From efficient data storage and easy access and exchange of information, to conducting medical tests and simulating complex surgical procedures, computers play an important role in the medical field.

They can be divided into four main categories which include:

• Data storage
• Surgical procedures
• Diagnostic tests
• Knowledge sharing

As in any other field, the importance of computer technology in medicine cannot be ignored.

• Computers are an excellent tool for storing patient-related data. Hospitals use computer systems to support the patient.
• It is often necessary to keep detailed records of patients' medical records. Doctors often require information about the patient, family history, physical ailments in the family (if any), with an already established diagnosis of the disease and prescribed medications. This information may be stored in a computer database.
• Computers can track prescriptions and payment information. They can be used to store information about medications prescribed to a patient, as well as information about medications that cannot be prescribed to him/her (to which the patient is allergic).
• Computers provide efficient storage of vast amounts of medical data. Medicine has a wide range of information base. The computer can serve as the best means storing this information.
• Medical journals, research and diagnostic documents, important medical documents and reference books are best stored in electronic format.

• Computer software is used to diagnose diseases. It can be used to examine the internal organs of the body. Advanced computer systems are used to study the body's organs.
• Some complex operations can be performed using a computer. Computer-assisted surgery is a rapidly developing field of medicine that combines medical expertise with computer intelligence to provide faster and more accurate results in surgical procedures. The robot-assisted surgical system creates a model of the patient, then analyzes it before surgery. The surgical procedure is simulated on virtual image sick.
• The operations can be performed by a surgical robot programmed as a medical professional or the robot can only assist the doctors while they perform the operations.
• In both cases, computer intelligence is used, thereby emphasizing the importance of the use of computers in medicine.

• Various types of monitoring equipment in hospitals are often based on computer programming.
• Medical imaging examines techniques for creating images of the human body for medical purposes. Many of modern methods scanning and image processing are largely based on computer technology. We have managed to implement a number of the latest methods medical imaging, thanks to advances in computer science.
• Magnetic resonance imaging uses computer software. Computed tomography allows the use digital methods geometry processing to produce 3-D images. Advanced computers and infrared cameras are used to obtain images from high resolution. Computers are widely used to create 3-D images.
• Many modern medical equipment have small, programmed computers. Many medical devices today they work on programmed instructions. The circuitry and logic in most medical equipment is essentially a computer.
• The functioning of the hospital - emergency and personal alarm systems, X-ray machines and many other medical devices are based on computer logic.

The importance of computers cannot be emphasized enough. Computers have given a new dimension to every field and medicine is no exception.

Information technologies (IT) are used everywhere in the modern world. Healthcare is no exception. Modern IT developments have a positive impact on the development of new ways of organizing medical care for the population. A large number of countries have been actively using new technologies in the healthcare sector for a long time. Conducting teleconsultations of patients and staff, exchanging information about patients between different institutions, remotely recording physiological parameters, monitoring operations in real time—all these opportunities are provided by the introduction of information technology in medicine. This brings healthcare informatization to a new level of development, positively affecting all aspects of its activities. Robomed Systems company is developing its own software product and contributes to the development of medical technologies.

The introduction of IT in the healthcare sector can improve the quality of service, significantly speed up the work of staff and reduce service costs for patients. These benefits are now available to every clinic. Modern RoboMed software gives this opportunity to each of its users. This is a domestic system that allows you to bring the institution to a new level of service and work.

Information technologies in medicine and healthcare help solve the following problems:

• keep records of clinic patients;
• monitor their condition remotely;
• save and transmit the results of diagnostic examinations;
• monitor the correctness of the prescribed treatment;
• conduct remote training;
• provide advice to inexperienced employees.

Information technologies in medicine make it possible to conduct high-quality monitoring of the condition of patients. Maintaining electronic medical records allows you to reduce the time spent by clinic staff on filling out various forms. All information about the patient is presented in one document, accessible to the medical staff of the institution. All examination data and procedure results are also entered directly into the electronic medical record. This allows other specialists to evaluate the quality of the prescribed treatment and detect diagnostic inaccuracies.

The use of IT in medicine allows doctors to conduct online consultations at any time. convenient time. At the same time, the availability of medical services increases. People can receive qualified help from experienced doctors remotely. This is especially necessary for people:

• living in geographically remote areas;
• with limited physical capabilities;
• caught in emergency;
• who are in a confined space.

This way, patients or doctors do not have to go through long distances to get advice. Using modern information technologies, a doctor can assess the patient’s condition, conduct an examination and get acquainted with all the results of his examinations.

Such consultations are necessary not only for patients with physiological problems. Conversations also allow people who need psychiatric or psychological help. Audiovisual communication allows the doctor to establish contact with the patient and provide him with the necessary support.

Prospects for healthcare informatization

Today, medical information systems are actively developing, allowing institutions to work more efficiently and quickly. Healthcare informatization in Russia today is receiving increased attention from the authorities. Financial investments in the development of new medical IT have a positive effect on their development and improvement.

A striking example is the unified medical system RoboMed. The developers are constantly working to improve this software for clinics. Regular updates give users the opportunity to use all available information technologies in medicine.

In addition, in Russia today there is an increasing need to introduce innovations into the healthcare system. Current issue security remains maximum protection data from such systems. Therefore, now the efforts of developers are aimed at eliminating the possibility of intrusions from the outside.

Healthcare informatization is a fairly broad concept, which also includes activities aimed at informing specialists with the help of IT about scientific achievements in the world in the field of medicine. So this is effective way training and advanced training of hospital and clinic staff.

With the help of such technologies, doctors can quickly receive information about new developments and discoveries that will help them work more efficiently. This problem is especially relevant for health workers who work in remote communities.

The introduction of innovative technologies in medicine is quick and simple. The interface of such systems is accessible and intuitive even to untrained users. Clinic staff are able to quickly learn how these new technologies work. The developers will help you understand all the nuances of operating the product. After completing the training, which takes minimal time, medical staff will be able to:

• work with information resources;
• conduct teleconferences;
• work in local and global computer networks;
• use help systems.

Today, as part of the informatization of healthcare in Russia, it is planned to create a national telemedicine system. At the right approach This technology will not only significantly improve the quality of medicine, but will also help reduce costs. For example, doctors will not need to allocate money for travel to scientific conferences. They will be able to participate in such events remotely.

The power of modern healthcare IT has the potential to have a positive impact on all aspects of healthcare delivery. The use of information technology in medicine also allows:

• conduct distance learning;
• establish connections with colleagues to exchange experiences;
• receive the latest health information.

In addition, technology can improve the management of a medical facility. Medical systems make it possible to automate work:

• clinic administration;
• economic planning department;
• HR department;
• financial service;
• pharmacies;
• material services.

Managers are also given the opportunity to interact more effectively with the compulsory health insurance fund and the territorial health care management body. IT in medicine allows you to optimize the work of doctors, reception desks, reception departments and other services.

In addition, the use of innovative systems simplifies the institution’s drug supply system. New technologies help quickly:

• register incoming and outgoing transactions;
• carry out warehouse control;
• generate requests for the supply of medicines;
• control the consumption of medications;
• write off materials and medications;
• create and submit reporting documentation to higher authorities.

Information technologies are actively used in medicine in the field of education. Remote seminars allow students of universities and medical schools to obtain the necessary knowledge. Such technologies provide an opportunity for young specialists to attend lectures by eminent doctors and gain new knowledge and experience.

All these opportunities are now available to Russian clinics. The RoboMed unified medical system is the future for your institution. Your employees will work more efficiently, bring greater profits and keep up with Western clinics. We will help you implement this technology into your business. In addition, we will train your staff to work with the system in the shortest possible time. If any questions arise during the operation of RoboMed, our highly qualified employees will help you quickly answer them and resolve any problem that may arise. When you purchase this system, you are assigned a personal service manager who comes to your aid at any time, informs you about new program features and available updates.