How to build a desktop computer. Installation of AMD processors. CPU cooling system

The first thing you need to understand is why you need such a system. This affects not only the cost of assembly, but also the nature of the choice of components. Most regular computer, performing standard tasks, can be assembled from elements entry level. There is even an opportunity to play low-cost games. If you are an avid gamer or are demanding on graphics, then this choice is indispensable. We need a so-called gaming computer. More volume will be needed RAM(from 16 GB), a processor with at least 4 cores, one or two discrete video cards, and, of course, a powerful power supply that will handle it all. The price of this pleasure can exceed 100 thousand rubles. Is it worth pursuing? Everyone decides for themselves. But it is more advisable to opt for a mid-level car.

What do you need to assemble a computer?

CPU

The “heart” of a computer is considered to be the CPU, on whose power a lot depends - whether the external video card will show its full potential, whether it will be possible to open several resource-intensive applications at once, whether it will be comfortable to watch videos in UltraHD format. Intel processors (i5 or i7) are suitable for these purposes. The clock speed starts at 3 GHz. It should not be surprising that over 10 years this parameter has increased insignificantly. Engineers have achieved reduction technological process, which made it possible to increase the number of transistors on a chip, reducing power consumption.

It is better to pay attention immediately to the seventh generation of Intel processors, since the built-in graphics card allows you to play video content in H.265 format, which is gaining popularity. The latest generation codec not only supports high frame rates, but also 10-bit color. Currently, a dual-core processor with four Pentium threads, the cost of which is minimal, can decode such material. Therefore, such a CPU is suitable for assembling not gaming system. For games in FullHd format, you need to take a closer look at the i5 line, for 4K games - at the i7 series.

A landmark event in 2017 was the release of competitive models from AMD. The Ryzen 7 1800X can perform on par with the Intel i7-7700k. The most powerful platform for the average user will be based on one of these “stones”. But you cannot build the cheapest computer on AMD Ryzen, since these processors do not have a built-in video core.

CPU cooling system

When the “stone” operates, heat is generated that must be removed. Therefore, a fan is required. Central processors are supplied with a cooler (BOX version) and without (OEM). If you are a connoisseur of silence in the room, then it is better to choose the second option. Typically, third-party coolers have lower noise levels. For example, in the model from Arctic Cooling - Alpine 11 PRO - this figure reaches 14 dB, which is 9 dB lower than that of “box” fans. Despite this, it is capable of cooling processors up to 95 Watts. But it will not work if you are going to increase the clock speed CPU frequency specified in the specification. For a gaming system, you need to choose a cooling system with copper heat pipes. Copper base improves heat dissipation performance. For example, the TITAN Hati TTC-NC15TZ/KU cooler is designed for a maximum processor heat dissipation of 160 Watts.

Today, most cooling systems are made with speed control depending on CPU temperature. When the system is not loaded, less energy is required. Therefore, the fan should rotate more slowly (from 500 rpm) and create less noise. This modification has a 4-pin power connector, without control - a 3-pin connector.

The cooler has different mounts for AMD and Intel platforms. The most common sockets are LGA 2011 and 1151, and for AMD processors Ryzen started releasing boards with AM4. Compatibility is very important, check it in the instructions or on the manufacturer’s website.

Motherboard

The foundation on which the entire system rests is called the computer motherboard. Models differ in the socket where it is installed CPU. This has been said before. In turn, they are divided according to the type of chipset, which is link between components. For example, Intel has Z270 or X99, AMD has X370 or 970.

The form factor also matters (ATX, mATX or mini-ITX). It depends on the type of case in which all the elements of the computer are located. You can get an inexpensive machine based on mATX. This motherboard has shortened dimensions while maintaining all the necessary functions. The gaming modification does not involve savings; the ATX type is suitable for it. For enthusiasts who need maximum speed and detailed rendering in games, manufacturers have added SLI and CrossFire functions (combining the power of several video adapters). Modern technologies allow you to install up to four video cards with one graphics processor. If the model name contains the word “Gaming”, rest assured that it is supported here. A nice addition could be the presence of backlighting.

The backplane contains two or four RAM slots. For the future, it is better to purchase with four, so that later you can increase the total memory capacity. It is more profitable to choose a platform that supports memory DDR type 4, the price of which is equal to DDR3. Check compatibility on the manufacturer's website.

If video is built into the central processor, you need to pay attention to which outputs are used to communicate with the monitor. HDMI and DVI interfaces are common.

Also on the rear panel are USB ports. On at the moment their fastest type is USB 3.1, including the input for various gadgets - Type-C.

All modern motherboards have PCI-E 3.0 x16 slots.

An audio controller will be important for music lovers or movie lovers with high-quality sound. We choose the most effective - SupremeFX S1220 or Realtek ALC1150/1220. Digital audio has best characteristics than analog. Therefore, manufacturers began to include an optical S/PDIF connector. An audio device with an HDMI input can be connected through the corresponding output of the video card.

The power supply to the motherboard and processor must be 24+8 pin.

RAM

Previously, its volume was measured in megabytes. Now even 4 GB is not enough. Memory sticks are located in slots on the motherboard. Some applications and, especially, games require large resources. The minimum required volume can be considered 8 GB. For gamers, 16 GB is already required.

RAM performance increases if it operates in 2-channel or 4-channel modes. Therefore, we choose two sticks with a capacity of 4 or 8 GB, depending on the needs.

Bandwidth DDR4 is higher than DDR3. At the same time, energy consumption is less. If the first operates in the voltage range of 1.2 - 1.35 V, then the second - at 1.5 V.

Memory frequency is critical if the video adapter is integrated into the processor. Otherwise, strips with a frequency from 2133 to 2666 MHz and a voltage of 1.2 V are suitable. Increasing the frequency will require increasing the supply voltage to 1.35 V, which will lead to greater energy consumption.

The ideal option is to purchase two sticks of 8 GB RAM with a frequency of 2666 MHz.

Video card

The graphics card is an important element for transmitting video information from the computer to the display. It comes in two types - built-in and external. The first does not require additional power and is not intended for gaming. The most advanced video core in Intel processors is HD Graphics 630, which is capable of decoding high-bitrate video in H.265 format. If you are happy with this, then you can save a lot on assembly without resorting to an external adapter. Otherwise, you can’t do without it.

It all comes down to price and performance. The market offers many options discrete video cards. Their power has grown so much that not one of them can do without fans, the number of which reaches three. Another important parameter appears - noise level.

Two manufacturers are fighting for the buyer in this segment - NVidia, which is more productive and cooler, and AMD, which balances price and quality.

For the average user, for whom the maximum requirement is the availability of online games, a model from NVidia’s junior line – GTX 1050TI – is suitable. It is equipped with a sufficient amount of video memory of 4 GB, the recommended power supply is only 300 Watt, supports high resolution 7680 x 4320.

Fans of high-end games need a more powerful video adapter. They have the following models to choose from: GeForce GTX 1060, GTX 1070, GTX 1080, GTX 1080TI and GTX Titan X. The latter has 12 GB of storage space. fast memory GDDR5X, but requires 250 watts of power. GeForce GTX 1080 with 8 GB of video memory and 180 Watt consumption is the best option for gaming in 4K resolution with the highest detail. If you are comfortable playing with medium settings, then we choose the GTX 1070 based on the price/performance ratio.

To improve energy efficiency, some cooling systems can stop fans from spinning when idle to reduce noise. The use of two or more coolers increases the reliability of the video system as a whole in the event of failure of one of them.

Storage media

Any computer can't do without hard drives, on which personal data will be stored or the operating system will be installed. For faster loading and Windows operation You will need an SSD drive of at least 120 GB. It consumes less power than a mechanical drive, is silent and takes up less space in the case. But it is not without its shortcomings. The main ones are time between failures and a higher price. Therefore, if you record a large amount of information, it is cheaper to buy an internal or external hard drive with a size of 4 TB or more.

power unit

When all components of the PC platform have been selected, let's start searching for the important element, on which the stability of the system depends. The power supply is involved in energy distribution and voltage stabilization.

If you have an office version of the computer (for example, without an external video card), then 400 watts of power will be enough. The average video adapter will require a 500-watt power supply. To power the GTX Titan X or several devices in SLI/CrossFire mode, you need a unit of 750 watts or more.

There are two main indicators - efficiency and PFC. Power supplies with an efficiency of more than 80% (80 Plus standard) are considered more efficient. The efficiency determines how much useful energy is transferred to the PC components. The larger it is, the less the power unit heats up. It is recommended to use a PSU with active power factor correction (APFC), as it further smoothes the voltage supplied to it. But it has a significant drawback - this type of device does not require the use of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).

More details about selecting a power supply are written in the article Selecting a power supply for a computer.

Frame

All elements of the future system are placed in a metal box. The thicker the sheet, the more reliable it is. By size they are divided into ATX, mATX and mini-ITX. The choice is yours. Small enclosures have limited volume for good ventilation, but take up less space. The ATX size allows you to install a long video card.

A case with a transparent lid, where you can see the LED lighting inside, will look impressive. Expensive models are equipped with an additional cooling system. This is important for a gaming PC that experiences intense heat.

It is better to choose a lower location for the power supply, as it takes in cold air from under the bottom.

Peripherals

But the choice is not over yet. Without input keys it is impossible to use a computer. The mouse and keyboard are wired (USB and PS/2) and battery-powered. The second option is more practical, but the communication signal sometimes disappears. It's cheaper to buy a set right away. For a gaming PC, a mouse with multimedia buttons or a gamepad is suitable.

If there is a need to record information on optical media, then we purchase any DVD-RW drive.

Finding a monitor is a separate issue. We only note that you need to select LED displays, without flickering and with the ability to reduce blue radiation. It is recommended to check viewing comfort in the store, since TN+film, IPS and VA matrices differ in contrast and color rendition. Otherwise, the only difference is in resolution and diagonal.

How to assemble a computer yourself from components

PC components purchased. You can proceed directly to assembly.

We take the motherboard out of the box and place it on cardboard or foam rubber. We find a socket on the board for installing the CPU. We take the processor and carefully insert it there without any additional effort.

Thermal paste is included with the CPU cooler. Apply a thin layer of it to the surface of the “stone”. After reading the instructions, install the propeller on the base of the board. We check the tightness of the bases to each other. Connect the cooler power wires to the “CPU_Fan” connector. We find a similar connector for connecting a case fan.

We place the power supply in the case, which is secured with screws.

In the front part of the case on a metal stand we fix the existing hard drives, SSD drives and disk drives.

Before installing the motherboard, we screw special legs into the holes of the case to prevent short circuits.

Included with the backplane is a rear strip for connectors of external parts of the PC: monitor, sound speakers, USB devices.

Carefully place the board on the legs and fasten it with screws.

Remove the plug on the back of the case and insert a discrete video card into the PCI Express x16 slot.

It's time to connect everything installed elements cables.

We connect the plugs on the front panel of the case - indicators work hard disks and power availability, PC restart and shutdown buttons, as well as for USB ports. The connectors are usually located in one place under PCI slots and signed.

We connect hard drives and drives to the system board with SATA cables.

Now is the time to start connecting components to the power supply. First we insert a 24-pin (or 20+4 pin) cable, which is responsible for supplying power to motherboard, then 8-pin, powering the CPU.

Let's supply power to the recording and storage devices.

An external video accelerator usually requires additional power. We find this wire from the power supply (6 and 8-pin) and insert it into the connector on the device.

The computer assembly from scratch is completed. Close the housing with a lid. We connect the monitor with a wire for transmitting video data, plug the network cable into the power supply, and the mouse and keyboard into the corresponding USB or PS/2 ports. Turn on the computer.

Important steps in assembling a PC are determining the functions it will perform and calculating the power of the power supply. This will help save a lot of money. Next, we find out whether an external video card is needed. It's not cheap either. SSD drives are a necessary element for maximum performance systems. Effective cooling in the case will require an additional turntable. If the motherboard and graphics card have LED backlighting, then it is advisable to choose a frame with a window on the side wall. The main advantage of the assembly with my own hands– the ability to replace components at any time.

Probably every more or less advanced user has wondered how to assemble a computer themselves. It's cheaper and more reliable. And every second person drove this thought away from himself, because he thought that the process self-assembly The computer is very complex. But don’t be afraid of difficulties, especially step by step instructions described in the article will help overcome fear. Moreover, modern computer components are equipped with a protection system. Each component can be installed in the only correct way; it will not work any other way. As they say: “Fear has big eyes.” So let your eyes be afraid and your hands do the work.

First, let's talk about the benefits of building a computer yourself. The most important thing is that you will know for sure that your computer has completely new, high-quality components, you will know everything about the characteristics of the computer and at any time you will be able to increase the memory or performance of the computer. Not all sellers are honest; there are also those who are ready to pass off a single-core computer as a dual-core one and hide some of the computer’s shortcomings. Moreover, by purchasing a finished computer, you agree that you will not open it yourself (during the warranty period). This means you won’t be able to make any transformations. Otherwise, you will lose your warranty. Also, if your self-assembled computer breaks down, you will be able to determine and replace it yourself. weak link. While a store purchase will need to be taken to a service center and first wait for the diagnostic results, then they will repair it.

We hope that all of the above has overcome your fears, and now you can get down to business. To assemble a computer yourself, you need to have:

• CPU;
• Motherboard;
• Case with power supply;
• CPU cooler;
• Video card;
• Hard drive;
• RAM;
• Drive.
• Phillips screwdriver.

And not just have all of the above in stock, but also try to ensure that all the components fit together.

So, the first question that needs to be resolved right now is: “What do you need a computer for?”

For all users, the computer performs different tasks: someone plays all day long, someone works on the Internet, someone, due to the specifics of their specialty, works with 3D programs, etc. Naturally, they all need computers with different capabilities. Let's try to figure it out.

The following computer components are suitable for solving simple problems: a 512 MB video card, two 2 GB DDR-1333 RAM modules, hard drive 512 GB (7200 rpm, 16 MB cache buffer), Intel Pentium G620 processor or AMD Athlon II x3 440, motherboard H61 Express for Intel processor or AMD 770 for Athlon, 400 W power supply. Price about $400.

Components for a mid-price computer: two 2GB DDR 1600 RAM modules, a 512MB video card (for example, GeForce GTS 450 512Mb), 1TB hard drive (7200 rpm, 16 MB cache buffer), processor Intel Core i3 2100 or AMD Phenom II x4 955, Z68 motherboard for Intel or AMD 870 processor for Phenom, 450 W power supply. Price about $600. The result will be a computer capable of performing many tasks, including supporting a bunch of modern games.

To solve problems that require enormous resources, the following components are required: two 4GB RAM modules of DDR-1866 type, 1GB video card (for example, GeForce GTX 560Ti), hard SSD drive 60GB + 2TB 7200 rpm, 16MB cache buffer, Intel Core i5 2500K processor or AMD Phenom II x4 965, Z68 motherboard for Intel processor or AMD 990FX for Phenom, 550 W power supply. Price about $1200.

Have you decided on the purpose of your computer? It's time to choose a case with a power supply.

The case can be selected according to several parameters: size, material, ease of installation.

It is recommended to purchase aluminum cases, which are distinguished by their lightness and thermal conductivity. In addition, steel cases appeared, which have advantages over aluminum cases in resistance to deformation.

The range of housings on the market is very wide. There are surprisingly compact Barebone cases, medium MiniTowers, MidiTowers and huge BigTowers.

Surprisingly compact Barebone cases are suitable for lovers of minimalism. Barebone also has the advantage that it comes with the motherboard, graphics card, and processor included. All you have to do is install RAM and a hard drive. It is important that assembled computer in the Barebone case it operates almost silently.

It is not recommended to buy medium-sized MiniTower cases, since the ventilation system in them leaves much to be desired. And some components are generally difficult to find, since they simply do not fit into the case. But, for example, MiniTower is perfect for office use.

MidiTower cases are the most common. They have a good ventilation system and ease of installation.

The largest BigTower cases for the most powerful computers.

It happens that cases are not equipped with a power supply and you need to select and install it yourself.

Selecting and installing the power supply

There is no need to skimp on the power supply. Since the stability of your finished computer depends on it. It is recommended to buy a power supply at an average price of 1,500 rubles. When purchasing, pay attention to the weight of the device. The power supply must be heavy. If it's light, it's probably in there bad system cooling. Next you need to decide on the power of the power supply.

Computers designed for gaming and working with 3D graphics require a power supply power of 500,550,600 W. A case with a similar power supply will cost you $50 or more.

Computers designed to work with office applications, working on the Internet does not require so much power. You can get by with a power supply with a power of 400.450 W. A case with this power supply will cost you $30 or more.

The required power of the power supply can also be calculated. Link to power supply power calculator

To do this, simply follow the link, select the components of your computer and their quantity from the drop-down lists. Then click the "Calculate" button. The calculator will display the power value with a small margin (30%). All that remains is to choose a power supply with a power close to the calculated one.

The power supply is usually located in the upper rear corner of the case. To install it, you simply need to screw the unit to the rear wall of the case.

Now the case with the power supply has been selected and now it’s time to select and install

The processor, RAM, and input/output controllers are installed on the motherboard. The motherboard coordinates the operation of these components.

The picture shows the motherboard. 1-power supply for the processor, 2-socket for the processor, 3-north bridge, 4-PCI-EXPRESS connector for video card, 5-PCI connector for expansion cards, 6-slots for RAM, 7-connector for power connection, 8- IDE connectors for hard drives and optical drives, 9- south bridge, 10 – SATA connectors for hard drives and optical drives, 11 – USB connectors.

• The south bridge is responsible for supporting the optical drive, hard drive, audio adapter, etc.
• The north bridge is needed to control the video card and RAM.

When choosing a motherboard, you should consider the number of memory slots for the possibility of subsequent upgrades.

Let's start installing the motherboard:

• We unscrew the front cover of the system unit and take a closer look at where to place the motherboard;
• We get rid of the plug on the case. We replace it with the plug that comes with the motherboard;
• Screw the bolts into system unit, to the places where the motherboard is supposed to be attached (bolts are usually included with the case);

• We insert the motherboard, tighten the screws;

• Connect power to the motherboard. We connect the four-pin power connector from the system unit to the ATX_12V connector of the motherboard. We connect the twenty-four-pin power connector from the system unit to the ATX motherboard connector.

• We connect the case wires PWR-LED, PWR-SW, RESET-SW, SPEAKER, HDD-LED to the F_PANEL connector to turn on, reboot, and diagnose computer malfunctions, respectively.

1. HDD-LED– a red diode on the front side of the case (the color scheme for marking wires is mainly used, red-white)
2. PWR-LED– green diode, network indicator (green-white)
3. PWR-SW– on/off button (orange-white)
4. RESET-SW– the PC reset button (black-white) has reverse polarity.
5. SPEAKER– system speaker (red-white, often yellow-white)

We connect the white wire to the minus, the colored wire to the plus. Read the instructions for the motherboard. The boards are different - the connection of these wires is also different.

If you still do not understand what we are talking about and think that you simply cannot cope with these tasks, then I would recommend that you call a computer repair specialist at home.
With the motherboard installed, it's time to move on to installing the processor.

Processor Installation

The processor performs all the basic calculations in the computer and processes information.

Decide which processor you will install: Intel, AMD and others.

You should also decide on the number of cores. A dual-core processor is suitable for a home computer. medium power. An engineer or designer's processor requires a quad-core processor.

Whatever processor you choose, make sure it is compatible with your motherboard socket. A socket is a place to install the processor on the motherboard. This information can be found on the motherboard box.

For example, Intel processors are compatible with the following sockets: Socket LGA775, Socket LGA1156, Socket LGA1155, Socket LGA1366.

AMD processors are compatible with the following sockets: Socket939, SocketAM3, SocketFM1, SocketAM3 plus, SocketG34.

Almost all modern processors from this company are based on socket 755 (Socket LGA775). The advantage is already noticeable in the absence of legs on the processor. Consequently, the risk of breakdown and careless installation of the processor on the motherboard is minimal.

Let's get on with the installation. To do this, you need to open and lift the socket lever - a metal rod parallel to the slot. Remove the processor from its packaging without touching the bottom. Remove the black protective plate. Install it into the socket. For convenience, there are arrows on the motherboard and on the processor itself; they indicate which side of the processor should be placed in the socket. Make sure the directions of the arrows match.

Close the fastening plate and lower the socket locking lever.

Installing AMD processors

The installation principle is the same. The only difference is that the processor has legs. The yellow arrow on the processor and on the motherboard again simplifies the installation process.

The processor is installed.

Installing a CPU cooler

A cooler is necessary to cool the processor during operation. It is important that the cooler produces as little noise as possible when operating. Fan operating noise good cooler should fall within the range of (20-40) dB. Moreover, in the specification it is necessary to look at the processor power it can cool.

Before proceeding directly to the installation, make sure that the cooler is compatible with the motherboard socket. Some processors are sold complete with a cooler (cooling system).

At the corners of the socket on the motherboard there are four holes for the cooler legs.

But before installing it, make sure there is thermal paste on the cooler (in the picture there is a white spot in the center). The cooler consists of a radiator and a fan. The heatsink touches the processor directly and absorbs heat, while the fan removes heat from the heatsink itself. This cooling scheme requires rapid transfer of heat from the processor to the radiator. For this purpose, thermal paste is applied to the radiator. It provides a tight connection between the heatsink and the processor and has good thermal conductivity. If there is no thermal paste, you need to apply a very thin layer of 1mm.

Install the four cooler legs into the holes on the motherboard. Press the legs one by one until you hear a characteristic click. Make sure the cooler is securely fastened. This will be indicated by the switch. If the switch is in the closed position, the leg is securely fastened; in the open position, it is not fastened. Connect the wire to the CPU_FAN connector.

That's it, the cooler installation is complete.

Let's move on to installing RAM

RAM is rewritable memory. Program and application data is temporarily stored there.

The connector slot on the motherboard must match the type of RAM module (DDR, DDR2, DDR3). To increase the performance and speed of the computer, it is recommended to install two RAM modules. It is worth remembering that in this case the module manufacturer must be the same. And in terms of characteristics they should be the same. The bandwidth of the motherboard, processor and memory module must match.

The clock frequency of the RAM module must be commensurate with the frequency of the system bus of the motherboard. Even if the module frequency is higher than the bus frequency, the actual memory frequency will still be equal to the bus frequency.

Let's proceed directly to the installation. Push the latches to the sides on the motherboard slot:

Place the memory in the slot. Apply gentle pressure along the edges until the latches click into place.

The slot on the motherboard has a partition that corresponds to a notch on the memory module. It is impossible to make a mistake with the installation.

Installing a video card

A video card is needed to convert the data array into an image displayed on the screen. Moreover, modern video cards are also needed for processing and storing graphic data. The speed and quality of the output image depends on the parameters of the video card. This is very important when gaming or video processing.

The power of the video card should match or be slightly less than the power of the power supply.

The video card is inserted into the PCI Express 16x slot (under the processor). Install and press until it clicks.

The “skeleton” of the computer has been assembled.

Installing a hard drive

The hard drive stores the operating system, user information, and programs.

The hard drive and motherboard connectors must match. For example, Serial SATA 6Gb/s. The throughput of a hard drive with a Serial SATA 6Gb/s connector is 6Gb/s.

1. Connect the SerialATA cable to the motherboard's SATA connector.
2. Connect the SATA adapter to hard drive, then connect the Molex power cable from the power supply to the adapter.

The hard drive installation is complete. Let's move on to installing the optical drive.

An optical drive is a device for reading information from disks or writing information to disks. The following types of drives are currently sold on the market: CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW and Blu-Ray.

• The CD-ROM drive is designed for reading CDs only.
• A CD-RW drive allows you to both read and write to a CD.
• The DVD-ROM drive is designed for reading CDs and DVDs.
• The DVD-RW drive allows you to read information from CDs and DVDs and write information to CDs and DVDs.
• Blu-Ray drives are designed for large-capacity discs. Such disks, and the drives themselves, cost a lot of money.

Preferably select DVD-RW drive, so as not to limit yourself in actions.

A drive is necessary in a computer, even if you have long switched to flash media. After all WINDOWS installation comes from disk. In addition, you can free up computer memory by resetting necessary files to disk, for the time being. Download distribution kits for games. And you can just watch a movie.

When choosing an optical drive, pay attention to its speed of reading and writing discs. In order for the drive to read and write to all disks, a speed of 48x is required.

We place the drive in the space provided for it in the power supply case. We fix it with screws to reduce the influence of vibration and noise. Connect power to the optical drive. Next, we connect the drive directly to the motherboard with a cable.

Closing the housing cover

All that remains is to connect the monitor, mouse, keyboard, speakers to the system unit, connect power cords to the monitor and system unit.

When you connect your computer to the network for the first time, you should hear a squeak, symbolizing that all components are properly connected. Information about clock frequency processor, amount of RAM, operating modes and storage capacity. Nothing else can appear, because the operating room WINDOWS system not yet installed.

If after reading the article you still have questions about how to assemble a computer yourself, the video will explain everything to you in detail:

Now we are assembling a computer ourselves, having overcome all fears and doubts and having figured out why it is more profitable to assemble a computer ourselves. Having previously figured out why each of us needs a computer. Learned how to select components and calculate required power power supply. We figured out the purpose of the computer components. We selected the optimal components in each price category. And let the computer you assembled with your own hands be a useful assistant at work or at home.

The main element when assembling a personal computer is the motherboard. The choice of all other components will depend on this device. It is very important to choose suitable model motherboard, based on preferences regarding other devices.

After selecting the motherboard, you need to select the rest of the equipment. It is necessary to take into account your financial capabilities and needs. When purchasing components, it is recommended to select in advance required models certain devices. This will allow you to build a computer with balanced operating parameters. For example, you should not purchase too powerful a processor while saving on the motherboard and RAM.

Now you need to select a computer case. Make sure it matches the form factor of your motherboard. This will avoid difficulties when installing equipment inside the case. Be sure to consider the cooling system. Think about how many coolers you need and where it is best to install them.

After purchasing the components, you must proceed directly to assembly. You will need a set of Phillips screwdrivers and thermal paste. The latter accessory is often sold complete with a central processor. You need to start assembly by preparing the system unit and installing the motherboard. Remove the metal plates from the back wall of the unit in advance. This is necessary to install the video card and PCI devices.

Now you need to install the central processor, apply thermal paste to it and start installing the cooling radiator. It is recommended to connect power cables and additional cables to the motherboard. Some wires are quite difficult to connect after installing other components. Install the remaining devices in the designated slots and check the operation of the computer.

Video on the topic

Noisy operation of personal computer sometimes it talks about equipment problems, sometimes it’s just a matter of settings, which, apparently, were not even carried out. There are several ways to fix the problem.

Instructions

The most common cause of noise is coolers. Unfortunately " " coolers in system assembly cheap computers, office computers, etc. included simple models, which simply wear out over time. It is advisable to clean such coolers from dust at least once every six months or a year. This can be done with a simple brush. However, these are not all the problems that can happen to them. Over time, they may simply stop working. To prevent such a situation, it is best to replace a simple one with a more durable one (for example, a Zalman cooler).

Sometimes the fault may not be at all, but rather due to overheating of the processor. Perhaps not everyone knows, but you need to apply thermal paste to the processor (once a year, without it the processor). Hence the sharp increase in cooler speed without optimal speed settings.

Processes in the operating system also cause noise. When everything gets clogged, the hard drive, cooler, etc. work hard. Therefore, to prevent noise, it is necessary to take into account the possibilities computer or improve components (especially the cooler).

In addition to the fact that there are countless computer stores themselves, in addition, in the stores themselves, the choice of both ready-made computers and individual components for them is simply incredible. For an uninitiated user, it will be unclear what is responsible for what and what to choose. Often, people focus on prices, the number of gigabytes, gigahertz, cores, or simply listen to what sales managers tell them.
I, in turn, in this field, as they say, “ate the dog” and know not only what goes together with what, but also about more serious and important details, without knowledge of which one can make gross mistakes. In this post, I will briefly try to talk about some of the details of choosing system components and will give 3 examples of the configuration of gaming computers that you can order and assemble, both independently and in a store.
The first thing to consider when choosing a gaming computer is that you should never buy them ready-made! Those people who are involved in the selection of components in no way want to select the appropriate components for a gaming computer; moreover, ready-made PCs themselves, as a rule, cost much more than the computer you chose yourself, or rather its components, for subsequent assembly, and even taking into account that some stores charge money for assembly, all the same, the kit you choose will be more powerful and cheaper than ready-made analogues. Therefore, we forget about ready-made solutions and move on to the selection of components.
When choosing components for a gaming PC, you need to consider the following factors:
1) And most importantly! The performance of a computer and its individual components cannot be measured by comparison with other models based on the amount of memory in gigabytes, or based on frequencies, number of cores, etc. Real productivity is measured in terms of specific programs, in real tests that are carried out on popular, authoritative publications dedicated to computers and components, you can easily find information on individual components by typing a query into Google, like - " Intel Review i5-4590k", or for example "GTX980Ti review". To verify the veracity of the information, go directly to 3-4 different reviews and check the information, if it roughly matches everywhere, then everything is correct.
2) Intel processors almost always turn out to be more powerful than AMD processors in games, and it doesn’t matter at all that the same Intel i3 has only 2 physical cores, and the same AMD FX-8300 has as many as 8, and even on high frequency. But the point is that Intel processors have dramatically higher performance per core and this performance gives them an advantage over AMD processors in games, because games are rather reluctant to optimize for multi-threading (multi-core). Therefore, when choosing a processor, you need to focus on real tests in real games, and not on synthetic tests such as SuperPi. Most optimal processor for games, this is almost any intel i5 with a frequency above 3.2 GHz, and if you need more performance, then pay attention to processors with the letter “K” at the end, such processors can be overclocked, which adds performance and sometimes very much! Also, it is worth maintaining a balance between the processor and the video card, it is completely useless to install an intel i5 in combination with, say, a GTX750Ti, but also, it would be too illogical to install an i3 and a GTX980Ti, it will not be enough. It should be remembered that the processor should not cost more than the video card!
3) A video card is the main component of a gaming computer; a gaming computer needs to be built on the basis of this component, and the power of a video card is not measured in gigabytes, or simply in megahertz; in fact, there is no power measurement at all. There are individual indicators, such as the amount of memory, which is not so important if you have over 3 gigabytes on a video card from 15,000 rubles, or from 2 gigabytes on cheaper cards, or frequency GPU, which may vary between different models, the same product (the same chip model, say GTX970, can be produced by a dozen companies and each video card will be different), etc. Also, it is worth considering that there are reference and non-reference designs, what does this mean? Reference design is the standard design provided by the manufacturer for this video card model; reference design video cards heat up and make more noise, so purchasing them is not recommended. Video cards of non-reference design heat up less and make less noise, since they have a better cooling system, with several large and quiet fans, and sometimes have a different component base, which allows them to be overclocked more efficiently, so I recommend purchasing video cards just not reference design.
4) Volume and frequency of RAM - in fact, the amount of RAM for games is only 8 gigabytes, in fact you don’t need more, and frequencies don’t play a special role, so best choice, these are 2 memory sticks of 4 gigabytes each with a frequency of 1600 MHz, preferably Samsung Original, or HYNIX Original. Planks without the word "Original" are fakes on these chips and are of worse quality.

5) Hard Drive and SSD - Most games only need a reasonable hard drive, e.g. Western Digital Black and there will be no positive reaction from installing an SSD in games, but installing the same SSD allows the system itself to work much faster and speeds up the loading of games.
6) Motherboards - the biggest misconception is that expensive, cool motherboards give an increase in performance. This, alas, is not so! The motherboard is the link between the processor, memory, video card and other system components; in fact, the motherboard is the wires between the system components. But it’s also worth considering that motherboards may have functions that are important to you and you should choose a motherboard based on your needs. When choosing a motherboard, in addition to the obvious things, such as choosing a socket (processor connector) and checking compatibility with the selected processor, you need to look at the number of connectors you need - SATA for hard drives and drives, USB 2.0 and 3.0, etc. However, look for the presence of functions such as SLI, Crossfire, which allow you to install several video cards at the same time, but if you do not need such a function now, then it is better to refuse to buy such motherboards; you are overpaying huge sums for these functions. Best option, this is a motherboard costing 4-5 thousand rubles, ATX form factor with an 8pin processor power connector and 4 connectors for memory modules, as well as 5-6 connectors for connecting audio devices.
7) Power Supplies - The biggest misconception about power supplies is that the more watts the better. Nothing of the kind! There will be no difference between a 65 and 1500 watt power supply for your system, if it is built on one processor and one video card. The power supply must be selected based on the system consumption. The most powerful video card cannot consume more than 350 watts, the processor, no more than 250 (rare copies, overclocked, without overclocking, powerful CPUs consume about 80-100 watts), everything else consumes about 70 watts. Therefore, for systems around 30,000 rubles, 500-550 watts is enough, for powerful PCs, with one video card, “for overclocking”, 650 watts, and for the rest, it depends on the number of video cards, but the rule is simple - +1 video card = +300 watts.
8) Do not forget about cooling systems; if the processor is overclocked, then you need to select a processor “cooler” based on tests, the most best option, for example Coolermaster S200. If the same processor does not race, then you can choose a simpler cooler, up to 500 rubles, based on reviews on the same Yandex market.

This is how the components are selected, and now I will give 3 examples of decent assemblies with a certain price category, these assemblies are intended only for games and do not meet certain requirements, but this does not mean that you cannot, say, do work on them, or rendering / audio processing. Also keep in mind that theoretically it is possible to select even more optimal components, but for this you need to look at the stores and the availability of certain components in them; these components were selected in one store, which delivers goods throughout Russia and has its representative offices in many cities. (prices are taken from one popular store, its name cannot be indicated according to the chip rules).

And so here are 3 configurations from me:
The configurations themselves with links to the store:
30.000R:
Processor (CPU) - AMD Athlon X4 860K Black Edition, OEM 4170r
CPU cooler - Cooler Master S200
Motherboard - ASUS A88XM-A 3340r
RAM - DIMM DDR3 1600Mhz 8GB Hynix Original 3750r

Video card - MSI R9 270 GAMING 2G, R9 270, 2048MB, GDDR5, Retail 9430r
Case - InWin IW-EAR007 500W4290r
Result - 30300 rub.
This configuration has a price of around 30,000 rubles and is intended to replace game consoles, you can play all modern and upcoming games on it at settings close to high. If you have the money, then it’s worth replacing the motherboard with an AM3+ with an AMD970 chipset, for example from MSI, and replacing the processor with an AMD FX-8300, it will cost about 3-3.5 thousand rubles, but it will be worth it.

55.000RUR, timecode on video 15:55:
Processor (CPU) - Intel Core i5-4590, OEM 13860r
CPU cooler - Cooler Master CP6-9HDSA-0L-GP 530r
Motherboard - ASUS B85M-G 3640r

Hard drive - 1TB, Seagate SV 35.5, ST1000VX000 RUR 3,750
Video card - Palit PA-GTX970 JetStream 4G, GTX 970, 4096MB, GDDR5, Retail 22170rub
Case - InWin IW-EAR007 4290rub
Result - 52310 rub.
This system unit is designed for high and ultra settings in all modern games, like the previous system unit, it has exactly the same case, with a built-in 500-watt power supply, mATX motherboard, and the same 1TB hard drive. But this configuration is not intended for overclocking, at least the processor, and the power of the video card and processor allows you to play all games comfortably.

80.000R:
Processor (CPU) - Intel Core i5-4690K, OEM 16620r
CPU cooler - Cooler Master S200 940r
Motherboard - MSI Z97S SLI KRAIT EDITION 7520r
RAM - DIMM DDR3, 8GB (2x4GB), Kingston HyperX FURY blue, HX316C10FK2/8 3970rub
SSD - SSD 128GB, Plextor M6S, PX-128M6S 4500r
Hard drive - 1TB, Seagate SV 35.5, ST1000VX000 RUR 3,750
Video card - MSI GTX 980 GAMING 4G, GTX 980, 4096MB, GDDR5, Retail 33450rub
Case - Corsair Carbide Series SPEC-01, CC-9011050-WW 3790r
Power supply - ATX Corsair CX 750, CP-9020015-EU, 750W 5930r
Result - 80470 rub.

This system unit is at the cutting edge of technology. A motherboard with SLI support, an overclockable processor, a power supply and a case are designed to accommodate two video cards, and the existing video card is pre-top and provides consistently high FPS in all games. This configuration is intended for a narrow circle of people who crave high FPS and juicy pictures.

Of course, not everything is selected ideally, but ideal selection can only be made according to specific person and its tasks.

That's all, I hope you found it interesting to read this ton of text and it will be useful to you. And remember - under no circumstances buy ready-made computers, they cost you more and work much worse. IN modern world, there are stores that will assemble and help you select components for the system!

Greetings, dear readers. Surely there are people among you who are planning to buy a computer in the near future. So, in fact, I decided to write a short series of articles about how to build a computer yourself and how to choose the optimal components based on your needs. We will not talk about the process of physical assembly itself, but about how assemble the optimal configuration.

To prevent the article from becoming huge and difficult to read, I divided it into separate articles:

1. How to assemble a computer yourself(you are here)

Desktop or alternative

Why are they needed? desktop computers nowadays? After all, progress does not stand still and there are plenty of more on the market modern devices, such as tablets, smartphones, all-in-one PCs, ultrabooks and so on. And the point is this. Modern gadgets may satisfy most of humanity's modern needs, but there are always tasks that require more productivity than mobile gadgets can provide. That's when desktops come to the rescue.

Before you wonder " how to build a computer yourself“First of all, you need to decide what you need a PC for. Even when you go to a store to buy a computer, the first thing they ask you is how you are going to use it. Maybe you need it for office work, or maybe on the contrary - it is needed. But these are two completely different computers.

I'm sure you already have a rough idea in your head of what kind of computer you want to build. And I’ll just describe the possible options for what might be in your head right now.

Do you want to build a gaming computer?

If you like to game, then you most likely want to build the most powerful gaming computer (or something close to it). By the way, it will be said that a gaming computer is suitable not only for games. It is also great for video and graphics processing, 3D modeling, audio processing (if you add professional sound card). In general, this PC is suitable for everything. But his appetites are not childish either (in terms of electricity consumption).

Every gamer's dream

To build a gaming computer, Intel Core i5 / Intel Core i7 / and preferably at least 6th generation. Its analogue could be AMD FX / AMD RYZEN 5 / AMD RYZEN 7, if you are a fan of AMD processors. there should be, at a minimum, NVidia GeForce 780Ti or higher. I don’t see any point in taking it, since its price is inflated out of proportion to its power. you'll need 16GB, but it's not difficult if the motherboard has enough free slots for it. And it’s definitely needed for the system, or better yet, for all software, including games. Fortunately the volume solid state drives Now it is growing in leaps and bounds. Soon we will completely forget what it is.

Want to build an office PC?

Essentially these are the most weak computers, sometimes it’s really better to prefer such a PC. So, if you decide to build an office computer, then you will need inexpensive processor Pentium or Celeron (but Pentium is better), or a similarly powerful dual- or quad-core AMD. The video card will have a fairly built-in head. However, you should not install less than 4 GB of RAM.

Do you want to build a PC for video processing, graphics, design work, layout

This is, in fact, a medium-power computer. About 8-16 GB of RAM. The main load will fall on the central processor and video card. Therefore, at a minimum, you need an Intel Core i5 processor (preferably the latest or penultimate generation). And consider video cards from .

If we are talking about layout or programming, then you can assemble a system that is a little weaker. For example, an Intel Core i3 processor (also the latest or penultimate generation) will suffice. And since you don’t have to work with graphics, an integrated video card may well be enough.

How to assemble a computer yourself: summary

Now you know in general terms how to assemble a computer yourself. We will look at each point in more detail very soon. In the meantime, a checklist on the topic “Build a computer yourself”:

1. Any case will fit. Take a beautiful one.
2. The more powerful the computer, the more powerful the power supply.
3. The motherboard must support the connection interface for each component you choose. For example, processor chipset or .
4. There is no need to skimp on the processor.
5. If you plan to overclock the processor (), then take care of good cooling.
6. System performance depends not only on the amount of RAM, but also on the frequency of the RAM bus.
7. Often, a video card of the penultimate generation will be enough for any modern game. Don't waste your money on the latest generation video cards.
8. The hard drive can also affect the speed of the system. If this is important, then it is better to look towards SSD drives. They are much faster and quieter.
9. An optical drive is a completely optional attribute. You can save money on it.

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