About the efficiency of lamps, including LEDs. Efficiency of LED lamps

Recently, on one website I saw a payback calculator for LED lamps. I immediately became interested in how many years would it take for an LED lamp to pay for itself, since at the moment Not every customer wants to install LED lamps.

According to the calculator, an office LED lamp should pay for itself in just 3.68 years. Now let’s check whether we actually get such a figure.

For the office, a CERTAIN manufacturer of LED lamps produces a recessed lamp with a power of 42 W, with a luminous flux of 3500 lm, efficiency = 94%, color rendering index 80. Such a lamp costs $ 175. This lamp completely replaces the lamp with fluorescent lamps LVO 4×18, which costs only $25. As you can see, an LED lamp for office space is 7 times more expensive than a lamp with fluorescent lamps.

First, let's compare the two lamps.

Now, based on these data, we will calculate the annual energy consumption and how many years will it take for the LED lamp to pay for itself. We have 2000 working hours a year (for an office worker). We will change fluorescent lamps after 10,000 hours, because... the luminous flux will begin to decrease.

The result was quite disastrous.

Why then did this happen?

It's very simple. The payback time of an LED lamp depends on the price of electricity and operating time. The higher the cost of kWh and the number of operating hours, the shorter the payback period.

After doing some reverse calculations, I realized that the manufacturers of LED lamps do not spare us at all (including designers, since we are also office workers), they force us to work seven days a week and set us the maximum estimated tariff for electricity. In general, they charged everything to the maximum to get the minimum payback period.

In this case we will have the following result.

To be honest, I'm a little upset. I expected the payback period for the LED lamp to be at least 5 years. The manufacturer promises 3.68 years, but in reality it is about 10 years. Moreover, for 10 years, provided that the office operates seven days a week and at the maximum calculated rate.

The declared 70,000 hours for an LED lamp is just a theory, but in practice, who knows how it will behave in 5-10 years.

I think that by the time it pays for itself, and according to my calculations this is 10 years, this lamp will already be obsolete, although it will be in working condition.

In the current conditions, manufacturers of LED lamps will only be FOR an increase in electricity prices, since the use of LED lamps directly depends on the price of electricity.

It is advantageous to install LED lamps in areas where the cost of electricity is high. I think this is more relevant for European countries.

Maybe I didn’t take everything into account or do you have more accurate information on this topic?

P.S. I'm not against LED lights at all. I just love numbers. In my opinion, the cost of an LED lamp needs to be further reduced so that it can be used everywhere. An LED lamp has many advantages compared to a fluorescent lamp, but it also has one big drawback - the price.

Technical and economic indicators of lamps

The TEP of a lamp is significantly influenced by the type and quality of the optical systems of the lamp. The level of efficiency depends on the power factor of the ballast and the optical efficiency of the device, as well as the condition of the optics. A number of domestic equipment and most foreign samples have high coefficients. However, no matter how good these indicators are, the optics (transparent cover, diverging or converging lens and reflectors) become dirty during operation and undergo significant changes in surface structures, which leads to deterioration of parameters. This statement applies to all types of luminaires, regardless of whether ballasts are used or not.

In new lamps, optical efficiency ranges from 60 to 95%. As a result of practical observations and special laboratory examinations, it turned out that during the period of 1 year of operation, the optical efficiency decreases to 35% of its original value (and the main level of losses occurs in the very first days of operation). Within 2 years, optics lose from 50 to 65% of their original efficiency level.

The observed devices were operated outdoors ( street lighting) on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, in normal cases extreme conditions. It is clear that if operating conditions require work lighting equipment in conditions of increased dustiness or gas contamination, the optical efficiency decreases at a faster rate.

*Measurements of optical and electrical properties were carried out by specialists from the TATLED Group of Companies at their own base.

(Luminous flux, Ф; Distribution of total luminous flux by any 2 levels of luminous intensity or radiation angles within the radiation pattern, Ф(Ω),

Data on measuring equipment in Appendix 1.

As a rule, the problem of protecting lamps (especially their internal volume) from adverse environmental factors is solved by manufacturers of lighting equipment by sealing between the housings of closed lighting devices and protective glass, as well as seals for wire entry points.

However, a more detailed study of the problem revealed that this is not enough to ensure proper insulation of the internal volume of the lamp. According to the laws of thermodynamics, in closed lighting devices there is a “breathing” effect associated with a change in air pressure enclosed in the internal isolated volume of the lighting device. When the light source of the device is turned on and the air trapped inside the device is heated, the pressure increases, and when it is turned off, the pressure drops. As a result of even an imperceptible defect in the seal, contaminated air is sucked into the internal cavity of the lamp. This phenomenon presents the possibility of dust, fibers and corrosive particles settling on the lamp bulb, reflector, inner surface, protective glass, diffuser and cartridge contact units. As a result, the lighting capacity of the devices decreases and they themselves fail within a short period of operation (for example, in some areas of metallurgical production, lighting devices are replaced annually, significantly increasing the cost of operating the lighting system).

LED lamps do not have the above disadvantage. The fact is that the LEDs used in such lamps do not require reflective reflectors.

In lighting devices using conventional light sources, a reflective reflector is built in, the shape of which cannot always be adjusted in accordance with the requirements of light distribution. Unlike conventional lamps, LED devices use light sources that emit light energy not in all directions, but in one. The direction and intensity of the light flux is regulated by the location of the axes of the light emitter in a given direction and their number. The opening angle of the emitted radiation is adjusted using secondary optics (microlens).

Thus, the LED lamp is free from the disadvantages caused by losses in optical systems using omnidirectional light sources. That is, the Lumen/Watt ratio for LED lamps is more attractive.

Lumens measure the flow in all directions, i.e. in a solid angle of 4pi. One lumen is equal to the luminous flux emitted by a point isotropic source, with a luminous intensity equal to one candela, into a solid angle of one steradian (1 lm = 1 cd × sr)

A steradian is equal to a solid angle with its vertex at the center of a sphere of radius R, cutting out an area on the surface of the sphere equal to the area of ​​a square with side R (that is, R²). If such a solid angle has the form of a circular cone, then its opening angle will be approximately 65.541° or 65°32′28″).

If we assume that the calculated cone is directed directly at the illuminated object, then the rest of the light energy hits the illuminated surface through a reflector or optical lenses.
Candela (from Latin candela - candle), unit of luminous intensity International system units. Designation: Russian CD, international CD. Candela (unit of luminous intensity) - the intensity of light emitted from an area of ​​1/600000 m2 of the cross-section of a full emitter in a direction perpendicular to this section at an emitter temperature equal to the solidification temperature of platinum (2042 K) at a pressure of 101325 n/m2.

Based on the above, to compare TEC lamps with a conventional light source and an LED lamp, it is necessary to introduce a correction for the difference in the efficiency of optical systems.

Consider as concrete example the widely used lighting device RKU15-250 using a DRL lamp and an LED lamp.

To determine real lighting performance indicators, we make the following calculations:

According to the manufacturer, the efficiency of the RKU15 lamp is 65%. The light source (DRL-250 (V) lamp) has a luminous flux level of 13,200 Lumens. We get the level of luminous flux actually emitted by the device: 65% of 13,200 lm = 8,580 Lumens.

It is also necessary to take into account the accelerated loss of the DRL luminous flux level in the first 1000 hours of operation. From the graph below (according to VNISI data) it is clear that during the first 1000 hours of operation, the level of emitted luminous flux decreases by 15-20% of the initial value. From here we get Фv = 6,864 Lumens. During the further period of operation, degradation occurs less intensively.

The luminous flux level curve of LEDs used in LED luminaires also has an uneven characteristic. However, as you can see from the graph below (courtesy of OSRAM Opto Semiconductors), after a short dip the level gradually increases (Golden Dragon plus diodes).

Chart of device ownership costs over 5 years

The data is given taking into account the constant cost of electricity. Taking into account the growth of tariffs predicted by the Ministry of Economic Development, the point of intersection of the cost level curves will occur earlier than the period obtained by calculations (presumably 4 years).

An example of the use of DRL lamps and LED lamps for road lighting. Thanks to a more rationally distributed light energy, the road surface illuminated by LED lamps (picture on the left) is flooded more evenly.

Conclusion: the optical properties of lamps using LEDs are noticeably superior in terms of lighting parameters to lamps with conventional light sources.

CONTROL EQUIPMENT (CONTROL EQUIPMENT).

Ballasts (ballasts) are a special product that is used to start and maintain the operation of a light source.

Structurally, the ballast can be made in the form of a single block or several separate ones.

Depending on the type of light source, ballasts are divided into:

• Ballasts for gas discharge lamps
• ballasts for halogen lamps(transformers)
• Ballasts for LEDs (LED drivers)

Depending on the type of device and operation of ballasts, there are:

• electromagnetic (EMPRA)
• electronic (electronic ballasts)

In addition to the optical parameters, the efficiency of a lighting device is significantly affected by the power factor parameter of the ballast.

For discharge lamp ballasts, this parameter (according to manufacturers) ranges from 0.6 to 0.9. The most effective today are electronic ballasts, since with the help of electronics the ability to ignite and control the glow can be done much more efficiently compared to inductive chokes. Ballasts for discharge lamps have been produced for a long time and, despite ongoing improvement, are well known to consumers, so they are not discussed in detail in this work.

In LED lamps, the ballast (LED driver) performs the function of a stabilizer DC, voltage stabilizers and dimming (specialized).

Drivers can be divided into two main groups:

1. LED power supplies with constant stabilized output current (LED drivers) - designed to power LEDs (or LED lamps) connected in series.

2. Power supplies with stabilized constant voltage (LED transformers) - designed to power groups of LEDs that are already equipped with a current-limiting resistor, usually LED strips, rulers or panels.

In addition, since the industry produces LEDs designed for different meanings rated current, LED drivers are also divided according to this parameter.

The most common current values ​​are 350 and 700 milliamps.

The power factor of LED drivers from most manufacturers is 0.95. Separate LED required DC voltage 2-4V and several tens of mA current. A daisy chain array of LEDs requires more high voltage. The LED driver is the source of this voltage. It transforms the power supply of a household electrical network 110-240V AC voltage to low-voltage DC for powering LED systems.

There are increased requirements for the quality of LED control gear, since LEDs, being a semiconductor device, are extremely demanding on the quality of the power supply. Deviations from given parameters within 2-5% sharply affects the lighting and electrical properties of LEDs, and can lead to a significant reduction in the life of the crystal or phosphor.

Based on the above, it is clear that the quality of LED control gear is initially high, and accordingly is a product that has high efficiency.

The vast majority of manufacturers declared values ​​are from 0.90 to 0.95. Simple measurements confirm these values.

For dimming (changing the brightness of LEDs), the principle of pulse width modulation (PWM) is usually used.

In terms of efficiency and degree of reliability, ballasts for discharge lamps and ballasts for LED lamps differ only in the quality of the circuitry and the used element base, which ultimately implies a difference in the cost of the product. High-quality and expensive ballasts various types lamps are approaching a single indicator (close to 1).

Appendix 2 and Appendix 3 contain reviews from organizations that have implemented LED lamps as prototypes.

Conclusion: the influence of ballast efficiency on the overall efficiency of a lighting device for discharge lamps and for LED lamps does not have a noticeable difference, and is determined only by the price of the product.

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After writing the previous article, I myself still had an unanswered question: what exactly is more profitable to buy and how much you can win in the long and short term. Plus, there are still some uncertainties about the efficiency of LEDs. And the question encourages me to search for an answer to it, so I continued to develop this direction. I won’t say that the material turned out to be a full-fledged article, but as a supplement to the previous information, it contains essential data that will be useful.

First, let's figure out exactly what the efficiency of the LEDs discussed in the last part is. Previously, I took the data mainly from the iva2000 article, without checking it, because... there they considered more the issue of the efficiency of photosynthesis when illuminated with light of a different spectrum. Now I decided to look into the overall efficiency.

We will consider LEDs from CREE, because... on the one hand, they are today the most advanced in technology and, accordingly, light output per unit of power, and on the other, all their indicators are stable and well documented (unlike no-name manufacturers). Here the specified company should pay me for advertising, but alas, I am not writing on their behalf, but simply because it is easier and more accessible.

So, what kind of LEDs will we study? I will not post here the entire process of studying and selecting specific series, so as not to flood the material with “water”. In short, I will say that I selected the most powerful and at the same time the most efficient chips, subject to free availability and favorable price. According to these criteria, two types are suitable: white ones will be from the XM-L series.

These are 10-watt chips with an efficiency of 158 lm/W (but not at maximum power, and only at 1 W). Cool white (6000-6500K), neutral white (4000-4500K) and warm white (3000-3500K).
And red ones from the XP-E series, High Efficiency Photo Red 650-670nM.
Links to LED documentation at the end of the article.

Let's deal with the whites. Last time, the difference in efficiency of white LEDs was not taken into account and the efficiency was assessed only in relation to the McCree photosynthetic activity curve.

This time I decided to clarify this issue more thoroughly. Unfortunately, the documentation for LEDs never gives the efficiency, but only writes lumens per watt, so I had to do a reverse calculation. Based on the spectrum of the LED and the photopic curve, it is calculated how many lumens the LED would have if its efficiency were 100%, and then the number of real lumens taken from the documentation for the LED is divided by this number. And this is what we got for three types of white LEDs:

It is noteworthy that despite the increase in lumens during the transition from cold-white to warm-white spectrum (at the same power radiation), table values lm/W and the overall efficiency of the LED drops very significantly - from 40 to 23%. The thing is that the phosphor, of which there is much more in a warm-white LED, is not 100% efficient, and even, apparently, with its large quantities has a shading effect (rays emitted by the lower layers are absorbed by the layers above and disappear). At the same time, the lumen per watt indicator is used at a current of 2A (out of a maximum of three) - it can be seen that it drops from 140 at 350mA to 108 (for cool white). There is no such table in the Cree document - absolute lumens are given there at a given current, and the power must be calculated using the data from the graph current-voltage characteristics. Here is the relevant data from the datasheet:

With them everything is a little simpler, because... The luminous flux is indicated not in luminas but in milliwatts. It is enough to divide the milliwatts of radiation by the watts of consumption and we get the efficiency with high accuracy! If only the LEDs would provide this data, 2/3 of the work wouldn’t have to be done!

They're already looming interesting options use of individual LEDs and their combinations. Now let's recalculate the efficiency table taking into account the newly obtained data.

It can be seen that the red Photo-red are ahead of everyone by a large margin. But you can’t illuminate with pure red, so you need to combine it, and here there are options with white and blue. Let’s immediately note (I considered everything, but threw out what didn’t turn out promising) the combination of warm white and red. The low efficiency of warm white LEDs negates all the advantages of red ones. But cool whites are very good in this combination! They themselves have good efficiency, further enhanced by red LEDs, and the lack of the red spectrum is also covered by them. The combination of red and blue also looks good. Then there are just cold whites and HPS 1000, and the rest don’t really hold up. Well, let's see how it will look complete - with drivers.

Further, the logic of the calculations was based on the assumption that we want to get more photosynthetically active radiation for the same money, so all figures, including prices for LEDs and drivers, are given to the total value of phytoactive radiation of the lamp 100 μmol/s.

Color coding as in the previous table - to make it easier to understand where which LEDs are and not take up space with repeating headings.

But this is only the starting price - how much money you need to invest to get a 100 µmol/s light bulb. This is not enough - you need to see how much it will cost to operate. And if you also count the energy costs over time, then you get a complete picture, which I present for everyone to see!

Saved for history, updated below

Thanks to the close attention of commentators, it turned out that not all LEDs that are sold on Aliexpress under the name CREE are actually LEDs. The cheapest of them, about $1.50 for a 10-watt diode or less, are most likely counterfeits with manufactured chips Chinese company LatticeBright, which are several times cheaper than the original ones and, unfortunately, have approximately 2 times worse performance. In this regard, I searched for prices of the corresponding LEDs in the company Compel, which is the official distributor of cree in the Russian Federation. Prices there are much higher than in China, but small wholesale is quite profitable, including compared to foreign suppliers.
And along the way, I corrected two points - I added lamp replacement once a year for the HPS curve. And I corrected an error (my oversight), due to which the price of all lamps was calculated at the same power (100W), whereas the original idea was per unit of photoactive radiation. In the new chart, these prices are for a lamp emitting 100 μmol/s, not 100 W. I apologize for the oversight.

How to make sense of this bundle of twigs?

On the left is the price of the lamp at the start. Let me remind you that in this case they will all emit the same amount of phytoactive radiation, but have a different spectrum. The lower the bar starts, the cheaper the set. On the X axis we have months. It is assumed that the lamp operates 12 hours a day, 7 days a week, for a total of 36 months, i.e. 3 years. This is only a little more than 13 thousand hours, and for LEDs 50 thousand are stated. And if everything is done correctly with cooling, and the LEDs are also supplied with a current of 0.7 of the maximum (this means more efficiency by a whole third), then they will work even more , i.e. more than 10 years with virtually no degradation.

The more horizontal the line is, the greater the efficiency of the lamp. We see that many lines start higher (more expensive chips), but over time they turn out to be cheaper than cheaper analogues. The line for photo red LEDs is indicative of this - it has the smallest slope.

The most surprising thing is that the cheapest ones are now... The most expensive photo red LEDs! This is because they have the highest efficiency and the most “easily digestible” spectrum - they need the least amount at the beginning and they waste the least amount of electricity in the future! The combinations “Cold white + red photo red” are of great interest. On this chart The curve is shown with a ratio of white: red as 2:1 in power. And just “cold white”. These three lines fan out, where the outer ones are white and red LEDs, and the middle one is a combination of them. To grow plants, all components of the spectrum are needed, but in different combinations. It turns out that all options for combinations of spectra are most effectively covered by just one combination - cold white and red LEDs (but in different numerical ratios).
It is worth noting that the blue + red combination, although it has a lower slope than white + red, gives a significantly worse price/luminous flux indicator, so it does not catch up with the white + red combination even in 3 years. In a 10-year perspective it may be preferable, but this is an exceptional case.
The phytolamp turns out to be not so cheap. If you take into account its efficiency, it is more expensive than even cool-white LEDs, and in the long term... Money for electricity is a waste...
DNAT is not very cheap at first (I was surprised how much electronic ballasts for them cost, but Em It’s not worth taking ballasts - they have low efficiency, the lamp too due to flickering, they also hum and heat up like a stove) and over time they do not catch up - especially taking into account the replacement of lamps - which will have to be done at least once a year, which is displayed as steps on the graph. So off to the garden.

Here is the spectrum of a combination of white and red LEDs, superimposed on the MkCree curve (4:1 in power, did not change it to 2:1):

Of course, it is wrong to judge such things based on the beauty of the graphs, but given the numbers that say the same thing, in my opinion the graph is almost ideal in terms of covering the spectrum of the photosynthetically active range.

The conclusion remains the same - buy cool white LEDs and red CREE Photo red and you will get a lot of light for your plants and savings for your wallet!
It is also possible to illuminate with pure red LEDs; one of the commentators wrote about such an experience. This will be most appropriate if the plants are partially illuminated by natural light (vegetable garden on a windowsill, balcony, loggia, when direct sunlight does not hit at all or for a couple of hours a day - then the plants receive mainly blue rays from the sky, and they are sorely lacking in red ones, just like total intensity Sveta. Here red LEDs will fill the existing gap perfectly. Only these should be highly efficient LEDs with a radiation wavelength of 660 nM and it is better if they are CREE Photo red. Well, that's it, I'm off to order diodes!

The traditional approach to LED lamps often leads to a misunderstanding of fundamental circumstances. We are talking about the efficiency of lamps and the influence of the design of LED and conventional lamps on the efficiency.

The efficiency of a luminaire is the ratio of the luminous flux coming out of the luminaire to the entire luminous flux created by the light source. For example, a lamp in the form of a light bulb without lighting fixtures, primarily without a reflector, has an efficiency of 100%. This does not mean at all that this is an ideal to which we must strive; for lamps - less efficiency, this does not mean worse. Any attempts to concentrate (direct) light leads to a decrease in efficiency. But the method of concentration and the quality of the reflector may be different, and the lamps will have different efficiency. You can compare luminaires by efficiency only those that have a similar light distribution(KSS), in this case the efficiency will be determined by the quality optical system lamp (reflector, glass). It makes no sense to compare luminaires with different KSS in terms of efficiency!

The fundamental difference between LEDs and lamps is that they shine only in one half-plane. That is, an LED lamp without lighting fixtures (100% efficiency) will be directed! The emission angle of LEDs without secondary optics is 90-120 degrees. For example, if we compare two “lamps” in the form of a light bulb and an LED (100% efficiency) with the same luminous flux, then on the axis of the lamp at the same distance the illumination will be approximately 2 times less than on the axis of the LED. If you try to collect the luminous flux of the lamp using a reflector (to achieve the same angle of radiation), then in any case you will not be able to obtain the same illumination that the LED provides due to reflection losses. In this regard, replacing a light bulb light source with an LED source in directional luminaires will make sense, even if these sources have the same luminous efficiency (lm/W).

If a luminaire with a lamp has flat glass, that is, the entire light source is “immersed” inside the lamp, The efficiency of the lamp will decrease significantly due to the fact that the main part of the light coming out of the lamp will be reflected, that is, with reflection losses. For an LED lamp of this design, there is practically no decrease in efficiency(only losses in glass are about 5%), although intuitively it seems that, by analogy with lamp lamps, the efficiency should decrease.

A tube luminaire with flat glass will have an efficiency of about 50-60%.

An LED lamp with flat glass will have an efficiency of about 95%.

This is the main thing fundamental difference LED lamps from lamp lamps. Directional LED lights are much more efficient than directional tube lights. This is due largely to the design features of LEDs, and not just to their high luminous efficiency.

Understanding this circumstance should lead to a revision of approaches to the calculation of lighting installations using LED lamps.

I would like to ask one question. Do you often change the paws in your apartment? It doesn't take much time, and the light bulbs themselves aren't expensive. But don't you think times have changed a little? The development of technologies in the electrical field, or rather devices and lighting sources, currently allows us to approach these issues from a different angle.

Comparison of different LED lamps

There are a huge number of light bulbs on the market, which differ in design, materials from which they are made and color palette. But the basic elements that make up lamps are the same for all types.

LED lamps consist of:

• Housings;
• Scattering flask;
• LEDs;
• Driver.

An important role in normal operation LED light bulb plays its case, which includes a radiator, a base and a dissipating element. The radiator of these lamps is made of aluminum or its alloys and has a complex shape, which ensures high-quality heat removal, which in turn determines the longevity of the LEDs themselves.

If the radiator is small or made of low-quality materials, the service life of this lamp is reduced several times due to long-term overheating of the LEDs. The bulk of the LED lamp is the weight of the radiator.

Poor-quality connection of the plate with LEDs to the radiator is not capable of dissipating heat efficiently.

For uninterrupted and long-lasting operation of LEDs, it is necessary to limit the current. This function executed by the driver. There are two types of limiters on the market: using a capacitor and a driver.

There are a huge number of LEDs from different manufacturers. The main parameter of LEDs is the number of Lumens/Watts (brightness or light output). The more expensive the LED, the better quality it is. Such LEDs glow brighter, heat up less, this determines how long the lamp will last.

When comparing different prices LED lamps, it was noted that more expensive models They heat up less, there is no visible flicker, and these paws have a higher light output.

LED light bulb power

Research has proven that LED-based lamps are the most economical and technologically advanced. But on modern market Other types of lamps are also presented, which are widely used for private and industrial use.

Types of light sources (lamps):

• Incandescent;
• Luminescent;
• Halogen.

All of these light sources differ from each other in many respects, but for each of them the manufacturers declare a certain power and luminous flux.

The power of all electricity consumers is measured in Watts, which means that the power of any lamp, as well as the power of various electrical appliances, can be measured using a Wattmeter.

The power of LED lamps is their the most important characteristic, since this parameter directly affects the amount and intensity of light from the lamp. But it is worth understanding that the power of the lamp is not a direct factor indicating the luminous efficiency. This suggests that with the development LED technologies, manufacturers are trying to increase the light output per watt of electricity consumed.

For example, an LED lamp of the same type, but different generations with the same light output, it can reduce energy consumption by 10%. And this, in turn, is beneficial from an economic point of view for those who purchase this type product.

Important to know! The power and luminous efficiency indicated on the packaging may not correspond to the parameters of the light bulb due to the dishonesty of manufacturers.

Also, it is worth noting that the same lamp power different manufacturers does not affect light output in any way. This parameter is directly indicated by the luminous flux numbers, which for one reason or another are different for each manufacturer. For example, a 10-watt LED lamp from one manufacturer will produce a luminous flux of 700–800 Lumens, and a lamp from another manufacturer will produce 600–650 Lumens.

The power consumption of LED lamps varies from 2 to 30 Watts.

Efficiency of LED and incandescent lamps: compliance

LED lamps are an excellent alternative to conventional incandescent lamps, and also have qualities that contribute to their most comfortable use.

Advantages of LED lamps:

• Low power consumption;
• Effective light output;
• High luminous flux;
• Low operating temperature.

Replacing conventional incandescent lamps with light sources based on LEDs should be done correctly. Since, in order to obtain the desired luminous flux, it is necessary to compare the brightness values various types lamps and convert the brightness and power values.

Table of values ​​for LED and incandescent lamps:

Using this table, you can easily make a translation and cope with the selection of LED lamps to replace outdated models of incandescent lamps in terms of power and amount of luminous flux.

According to the characteristics, it is clear that a 10-watt LED lamp has the same luminous flux as a 60-watt incandescent lamp.

Important to know! The service life of LED lamps is tens of times longer than that of incandescent lamps.

In order to avoid any questions when choosing the right LED light sources, you need to know that the base used is marked E27. LED lamps using this base are shaped like candle, pear and other various shapes.

Using this knowledge, you will not have to buy suitable lighting fixtures along with the lamps, which will undoubtedly simplify the work of replacing lamps with more economical ones.

The difference between LED lamps and energy-saving lamps

LED and energy-saving lamps differ significantly from each other not only in form and content, but also in the principle of operation (signs by which the glow occurs).

These types of lamps are compared by:

• Brightness;
• Heat transfer during operation;
• Durability.

An LED lamp is essentially a solid-state light source, the operation of which is based on the emission of light as it passes through electric current, through semiconductors, which in turn are designed for this.

The operation of energy-saving lamps is based on the operating principle of fluorescent lamps, which allows them to produce the required luminous flux at low energy costs. And if we compare lamps that fit this definition, then we can say with confidence that only fluorescent ones are energy-saving.

In order to determine which lamp shines better and how much electricity it consumes, let’s take LED and energy-saving lamps for comparison. The luminous flux of a 12 Watt LED lamp is 900 Lumens, and energy saving lamp produces the same power 600 Lumens. This suggests that both types of lamps are beneficial from an economic point of view.

The low operating temperature of LED lamps allows them to be built in in accordance with any design solutions.

If we compare these types of lamps in terms of the amount of heat generated, then in this case the results differ greatly. A 12-watt LED lamp heats up to no more than 31 0 C during operation, but the heating of an energy-saving lamp corresponds to 80 0 C.

And speaking of operating time, for energy-saving ones it is 8,000 hours, and for LED ones up to 50,000 hours.

Modern LED lamps: power in the table (video)

LED technologies are gradually replacing outdated ones. This is due to the fact that despite the higher cost at purchase, this type of lighting allows you to save money in the future.