How to set up a new BIOS. Important points in setting up AMI BIOS

In the last article we talked about that. And now I’ll tell you how to configure your computer’s BIOS to install Windows from a disk or flash drive.

1. What is BIOS and UEFI

Each motherboard has special program to boot your computer and configure settings various devices. This program is flashed (programmed) into a special chip on the motherboard and is therefore called firmware.

Previously, all motherboards had firmware called BIOS, which had a simple graphical interface with white letters on a blue background and was limited in functionality. For example, in the BIOS it was impossible to use the mouse, select a language, and there were no graphic elements (pictures) due to the limited volume of the chip BIOS memory. Also, motherboards with BIOS did not support disks larger than 2 TB due to limitations of the old disk partitioning system (MBR).

Nowadays, many motherboards have a new type of firmware called UEFI, which features an improved graphical interface using a beautiful background, hand-drawn buttons, the ability to select a language (including Russian) and some improvements. For example, support for a new type of disk partition (GPT), allowing the use of hard drives with a capacity of more than 2 TB.

What type of firmware your motherboard has can be found in its manual, on the website of the motherboard or laptop manufacturer, and also visually when entering the Setup configuration program. The Setup program is also flashed into the motherboard and is used to change BIOS or UEFI settings.

2. How to enter BIOS Setup

To enter the Setup program, immediately after turning on the computer, press the “Delete” button on the keyboard. On some motherboards and laptops, the “F2”, “F10” or “Esc” keys are used for this. You can read which button to press in the messages that appear immediately after turning on the computer.

In text form

Graphically

If you don’t have time to read, then press the “Pause” button on your keyboard to pause the download. You can continue loading by pressing any key. If you press the key designated to enter Setup, you will immediately be taken to the motherboard setup program.

Classic BIOS

UEFI interface

3. Basics of working in Setup

3.1. Control keys

The Setup program is a set of various parameters grouped on separate tabs, depending on their purpose. On the right or below there will be a description of the keys with which all actions are performed.

To navigate between tabs, you usually use the “right” and “left” arrows on the keyboard. To move between lines within one tab, use the down and up arrows.

To change values, use the arrows to navigate to the required field, press the Enter key, and then use the arrows to select a new value from the drop-down menu. For this, the “+”, “-” or “Page Up”, “Page Down” keys can also be used.

To return up a level or to the previous page, press the Esc key. The “Esc” key on one of the main tabs will mean exiting the BIOS without saving the settings, which you will need to confirm or refuse to exit.

In the Setup program with UEFI interface You can perform all actions using the mouse.

3.2. Saving settings

This is a very important point. After making all the necessary settings, go to the “Exit” tab, select the “Exit and Save Changes” item using the arrows (“Exit and Save Changes”, the word order may be different), press “Enter” and confirm saving the settings by selecting the “OK” arrows or “Yes” and “Enter” again.

You can save the settings much easier and faster by pressing the “F10” key on the keyboard and confirming your decision. This key works in many versions of BIOS, UEFI and is often indicated in tooltips (bottom or right).

3.3. Cancel Settings

If you accidentally changed something or are not sure about the correct settings, then go to the “Exit” tab and select “Exit and Discard Changes” or press the “Esc” key until the message about exit without change settings and confirm the action (“OK” or “Yes”).

3.4. Restoring settings

To restore all settings to optimal default values, go to the “Exit” tab and select “Load Setup Default”. After this, you can immediately change other settings or simply exit the BIOS and save the settings (“Exit and Save Changes” or “F10”).

4. Download options

Insert a bootable disk or flash drive into the computer on which you plan to install Windows. Now, in order to start installing Windows, you need to configure the BIOS (or UEFI) using the Setup program to boot from a disk or flash drive. You can also use the special boot menu of the motherboard (Boot Menu) for this. The last option is simpler and more convenient, but we will consider both methods.

5. BIOS setup

5.1. Changing boot priority

Go to the "Boot" or "Download" tab.

Install your DVD drive or flash drive first in boot device order.

If you install Windows from a disk, then the first item is to select a device like “ATAPI CD-ROM”, a name indicating the manufacturer or model of the drive. For example, “CDROM:PM-HL-DT-STDVD-RAM GH22NP” (this is an LG DVD drive).

If you plan to install Windows from a flash drive, then first choose something like “Removable Dev.” or the name of the flash drive indicating the manufacturer. For example, “USB: Patriot Memory” (this is a “PATRIOT” flash drive).
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The second one should be hard drive, which is designated as “Hard Drive”, “HDD” or the interface to which it is connected, the manufacturer and model of the disk. For example, “SATA:3M-SAMSUNG HD502HJ” (this is a 500 GB Samsung hard drive with a SATA interface).

Please note that in the “Boot” section there may be other items responsible for boot priority, such as “ Hard Disk Drives" or "Removable Device Priority".

They also need to check that the DVD drive or flash drive comes first.

If you have two hard drives, then the one on which you are installing the system should be higher. But in this case, I recommend disconnecting one of the disks to avoid confusion and possible errors in installing the system. It can be connected after installation.

In the Setup program with the UEFI interface, everything is done similarly. Look for the “Boot” or “Download” section, find your DVD drive or flash drive there and move it to the very top of boot priority. Plus, you can use a mouse for this, which is easier and more convenient.

5.2. SATA controller operating mode

In principle, this is not so important, but many people are interested in this issue, so I decided to clarify it a little. SATA drives can operate in compatibility mode with older IDE drives and in more modern AHCI mode. AHCI gives a small performance boost hard drive with multiple simultaneous access to it. This mode of disk operation occurs mainly on servers and is practically useless for an ordinary home computer.

When setting up the BIOS, it is possible to select the operating mode of the SATA controller.

These settings may be located in different places and have slightly different names, but the principle is the same everywhere. You are offered IDE compatibility mode or the new AHCI mode.

In general, IDE compatibility mode is recommended for Windows XP, since it does not natively have SATA drivers and simply will not see the hard drive, which will not allow Windows to be installed. Drivers can be built into the Windows installation distribution, but this makes no sense, since it will not affect the speed of operation and may add problems.

There is a simpler and convenient way booting from a DVD or flash drive for both BIOS and UEFI - booting using the “Boot Menu”.

To call the boot menu, the “F8”, “F10”, “F11”, “F12” or “Esc” keys can be used. They can often be seen in prompts on the initial boot screen of your computer. You can also find out this information from the instructions, on the website of the motherboard or laptop manufacturer, by searching on the Internet, or at random.

Immediately after turning on the computer, press and hold the “Boot Menu” key until the boot device selection menu appears.

Use the down and up arrows to navigate to the DVD drive or flash drive and press Enter.
Sandisk Cruzer

The advantages of this method are obvious - you don’t need to delve into the BIOS, you don’t need to return the BIOS settings back later (although this is not always necessary), and it’s enough to call this menu just once, since after you start installing Windows, this will no longer be needed. Additionally, using the "Boot Menu" does not change the BIOS or UEFI settings.

7. Download problems

Friends, due to the fact that many people had problems loading when installing Windows and some wrote about it in the comments, I decided to make a separate section where I collected methods known to me to solve these problems.

1. If the computer stops booting at the very beginning and asks you to press F1, after which it enters the BIOS, then you most likely either have a low battery on the motherboard (the timing may be off), problems with the processor cooler (failure, not connected there) or hard drive (errors in SMART).
2. If the message “Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert” appears when you turn on the PC Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key" this means that the boot area on the disk or flash drive is not found or is damaged. Try booting from the installation disk or flash drive using the Boot Menu (section 6 of the article), if it doesn’t help, do bootable media again using the Windows USB/DVD Download Tool.
3. If, after restarting the computer, the Windows installation starts from the beginning, then remove the boot disk or flash drive and restart the computer, the installation should continue from the hard drive.
4. Disconnect all unnecessary USB devices (flash drive, 3G modem, smartphone, printer) from the computer. You only need to leave the mouse, keyboard, DVD or flash drive from which you are installing Windows.
5. If you have several hard drives, then disconnect all drives from the motherboard except the one on which Windows will be installed.
6. Reset BIOS settings to default (described in this article).
7. If the installer does not see the disk or error 0x0000007B appears at the end, change to BIOS mode SATA controller from AHCI to IDE or vice versa.
8. If every time you boot your computer or laptop it enters the BIOS or opens the boot menu, then install BIOS option Boot Pop Menu to Disable state (if available).
9. Disable Fast Boot in the Advanced section of the BIOS, and in Boot section set the Launch CSM option to Enable (if available).
10. In the Boot section of the BIOS, change the boot mode from EFI (UEFI) to Legacy (if available).
11. Set the Secure Boot option in the BIOS to Disable (if available).
12. Select the version of Windows you are installing in the BIOS (if any).
13. If you have a laptop, one version of Windows is installed, but another is not, and the advice on setting up the BIOS did not help you, then contact support or the manufacturer’s forum. Updating the BIOS may also help, after which it may appear additional options(clauses 8-12).
14. If possible, from a DVD, since there are many different problems with flash drives.
15. Make from .
16. Insert the flash drive into the USB 2.0 connector on the back of the computer (motherboard) or the USB 2.0 connector of the laptop. Booting from USB 3.0 does not always work.
17. Try using the Boot Menu, as described in paragraph 6 of this article. This method is simpler and more reliable than setting boot priority in the BIOS and you can determine whether the computer sees your flash drive.
18. An underscore on a black screen indicates that the computer freezes while accessing a flash drive or hard drive. If the download continues without a flash drive, then that’s definitely the problem.
19. If the computer does not see the flash drive or does not want to boot from it, use a DVD or other flash drive for installation.
20. If this is not possible, then change the type of flash drive from " removable media" to the "hard drive" using the "BootIt Next Generation" utility, format it using the "HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool" and make it bootable again using "Windows USB/DVD Download Tool". You can download all these utilities below in the “Links” section.
21. If the problem occurs after selecting the Windows installation partition, then use the tips for setting up the BIOS (sections 7-12). When installing, remove old partitions from the disk or do it using a boot disk Acronis Disk Director.
22. If the installer reports that it cannot install Windows on the disk, then try running it or back.

Let me remind you that to exit the BIOS and save the settings, use the F10 key.

8. Links

In the following articles we will look at how to install, and.

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Sandisk Cruzer

the main points of setting up for normal operation BIOS.

Continuing the topic of “how to properly configure the BIOS,” in this article we will look at more subtle options with which you can:

- increase computer boot speed

— configure the external and integrated video card.

— configure the processor (cache memory).

And now about everything in more detail.

POST examination.

While the computer is undergoing POST (Power-on Self-Test) –initial equipment check, most often, instead of the test results we see a splash screen BIOS.

Although for transparency of the state of your PC, it is very important to be aware of certain errors,discovered during testing.

To see how your system is tested, you need to go to"Advanced BIOS Features» find item "Full Screen LOGO Display"and put the value"Disabled"

Speed ​​up PC boot time

Booting a PC always begins with testing the devices three times. Such testing is necessary only if some component of the system may be unstable (for example, after overclocking or a voltage drop).

If you have no problems with this, then you can safely reduce testing from 3 to one. This is done simply, just go to the section "Advanced" or "Advanced BIOS Features" and in the option "Quick Power On Self Test" or "Quick Boot" put the value "Enabled".

Now your PC will be scanned many times faster. If the PC is unstable, you need to change the option to " Disabled ", this will allow you to identify the problem and take measures to solve it .

Video Card Settings

Many motherboards come with a built-in graphics card.

In addition to the built-in one, you can install a separate, more powerful video card. In this case, the default setting BIOS checks which video card is used.

To disable additional check, you need to find an option in BIOS Setup called"Init Display First"also depending on the version BIOS it may be called"Primary VGA BIOS" or "VGA Boot From".

Next, select the setting corresponding to the installed video card, that is, if the video card AGP, select "AGP" if PCI is Express, then set "PEG Port/Graphic Adapter Priority" or just "PEG".

Clock frequency and voltageAGP AndPCI Express

When the system bus frequency increases, the processor, RAM and video card are accelerated. To avoid overclocking the video card through the BIOS, you need to configure the bus clock frequency for it.

To do this, find the “AGP Clock” or “PCI Clock” option in the BIOS and configure it as you wish. You can set the frequency as fixed (option ”FIX”), as well as increase or decrease it.

To increase stable operation, you can increase the voltage on the video card in 0.1 V increments.

These options are available only in motherboards designed for overclocking; very good settings for bio-overclocking are present in GIGABYTE motherboards, so I recommend it for consideration.

Also remember that an excessive increase in voltage and frequencies can lead to failure of the video adapter. How to properly increase the system bus frequency, read the article - effective ways . You can find out the details of overclocking through the program in the article about.

Configuring the processor cache

In addition to overclocking, there is a much safer way to speed up your computer. This is the use of the 3rd level cache in the processor.

To use additional CPU potential, you need to go to "Advanced BIOS Features" and set the option "CPU L3 Cache" in meaning "Enabled".

Of course, this option is only available if your processor contains a Level 3 cache.

2 BIOS setup

It's no secret that any RAM has its own timing parameter.

In another way, they are also called delays, by default BIOS reads timings programmed into the chip. But if there is a desire to change them, then BIOS this can be done easily.

First you need to find the options "System Performance", "Memory Timings" or "Configure DRAM Timing".

Perhaps the option will have a different name, you can determine it by its value, by default it is always "By SPD." To access changing timings, set the value "Disabled" or "User Defined".

Theoretically, changing the timings down should increase the speed of the memory chip, but in reality you will only be able to achieve stable operation when changing the timings if you have a high-quality memory chip installed.

If the memory chip allows you to change timings, then this is basically pointless, because:

1) the manufacturer initially sets the maximum performance and stable timing values.

2) when timings change, productivity increases by an average of 2-3%.

Disabling unnecessary ports

Often the BIOS includes many ports that are never used in practice. Therefore, it is advisable to disable them to reduce the number of IRQ interrupts. After all, as you know, the fewer there are, the better. Let's get started:

1. Have you ever connected to a computer old joystick via MIDI interface?

- No? Then let's go to the menu "Integrated Peripherals" and set the value of the item "Game Port" V "Disabled".

2. COM1, COM2 and LPT ports are long gone, if you don’t know what to connect to them, you can safely disable them in the BIOS.

To do this, in the section "Integrated Peripherals" options "IO Devices, Com-Port", but can also be called "Serial Port ½" assign a value "Disabled".

The LPT port is disabled in the option "Parallel Port"(it is also necessary to put "Disabled").

3. FireWire (IEEE1394) - this port is also for a narrow purpose; if you need to download video from a video camera or connect peripherals with a FireWire interface, then the port is necessary. In other cases, it is replaced by USB.

BIOS Setup Utility screens and descriptions are for reference only and may not correspond to what you see on your computer screen - they are based on a motherboard based on Intel chipset i915PL for Intel processors(Socket 775) 2005.

Main Menu - Main menu.

To allow the user to change basic settings for system and hardware parameters, the BIOS ROM has a built-in BIOS Setup program. The information is stored in battery-backed CMOS memory, and is thus retained when the main power is removed. In general, the information stored in CMOS RAM will not change unless something changes to the system, such as replacing a hard drive or adding a new device.
In some cases, the CMOS battery may fail, causing all CMOS information to be reset. If this happens, you will need to replace the CMOS battery and reconfigure the BIOS.

To enter the setup programs (SetupPprogram):
After turning on the computer, hold down the during self-test (POST). The BIOS setup utility CMOS SETUP UTILITY will open (Figure 1).

Figure 1. CMOS setup utility.

The main menu contains all the main settings sections. Select the section of the settings you want to configure. The selection is made by moving the cursor (using the cursor control arrows) and then pressing the key . When the cursor is on a certain settings item, help information on this item is displayed at the bottom of the screen, which serves to better understand the purpose of this item. When you select a menu item, a submenu appears to change the corresponding configuration parameters.

1. Standard CMOS Setup - Standard CMOS settings

Select STANDARD CMOS FEATURES from the main menu (Figure 2). This section allows the user to configure basic system parameters, such as the current time and date, type of installed hard drive, type of floppy drive, and type of video adapter. The amount of RAM is automatically detected by the BIOS and displayed on the screen for information. When an item is highlighted (using the cursor arrows), the contents of the item can be changed by pressing keys Or

Figure 2. Standard CMOS settings.

Note:

• If the Primary Master/Slave and Secondary Master/Slave hard drives are set to Auto, the size and model of the hard drive are detected automatically.
• The “Halt On:” parameter determines when BIOS errors will stop the system boot process.

2. Advanced BIOS Features - Additional BIOS settings.

Selecting this section allows the user to change the settings of the parameters listed in this section. It shows the default settings set by the manufacturer. Keystroke allows you to display help information on a specific menu item.

Figure 3. Additional settings BIOS.

CPU Feature

This option is only available for Pentium processors with the Prescott core.

• Hard Disk Boot Priority.

Here you set the sequence of enumerating the hard drives from which the system will boot.

Figure 3-1.

CPU L1&L2 Cache (Internal and external processor cache memory (L1 and L2)).
This setting controls the state of the processor's internal and external cache memory.

CPU L3 Cache (Cache memory of the 3rd level processor).
This setting controls the state of the processor's Level 3 cache.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.
Note:
It is recommended to enable Hyper-Threading technology for systems running Windows XP and Linux 2.4, and disable it for earlier operating systems.

Hyper-Threading Technology.
Includes processor Hyper-Threading technology.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

First/Second/Third/Other Boot Device ( P first/ IN second/ T retier/ D other device to download).
The BIOS attempts to load the operating system from devices in the sequence defined in this paragraph.
Options: Floppy, LS120, Hard Disk, CDROM, ZIP100, USB-FDD, USB-CDROM, LAN, Disabled (device not used for booting).

Boot Up Floppy Seek (Search for floppy drive during boot).
When this option is enabled, the capacity of floppy drives is determined when the system boots. This function may be useful if you are using an older 360KB floppy drive.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

Boot Up NumLock Status ( WITH NumLock state during boot).
Determines the state of NumLock when the system boots.
Options:
On: The numeric keypad operates in numeric mode.
Off: The numeric keypad operates in cursor control mode.

Security Option (Access restriction).
This item allows you to restrict access to the system and the BIOS setup program, or only to the BIOS setup program.
System: The system will not boot and access to the BIOS setup utility will be denied until the correct password is entered.
Setup: The system will boot, but access to the BIOS setup utility will be denied until the correct password is entered.

APIC Mode - R APIC mode.
This item allows you to enable APIC (Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller) functionality. APIC is an Intel chip that performs symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) computing on Pentium systems.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

HDD S.M.A.R.T. Capability ( P S.M.A.R.T technology support).
S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Alert Technology) is a diagnostic technology that allows you to monitor and predict the performance of devices. The software to support this technology is located both on the drive and on the computer itself. If a device failure is predicted, then software installed on the computer using the Client WORKS S.M.A.R.T. client application, warns the user about the upcoming state and suggests actions to save the information.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

Full Screen LOGO Show - Displays the logo on full screen.
Displays a full-screen logo image during loading.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

3. Advanced Chipset Features - Advanced chipset settings.

When you select this section, the following menu will be shown (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Advanced chipset settings.

DRAM Timing Selectable - IN Selecting timing parameters of DRAM memory.
When you select the “By SPD” value, the memory timing parameters will be set in accordance with the Intel Serial Presence Detection specification.
Options: Manual, By SPD.

CAS# Latency Time - Z delaysignalCAS.
This parameter allows you to set the number of clock cycles required after the CAS (Column Access Strobe) signal before the data read operation begins.
Options: 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, Auto.

DRAM RAS# to CAS# delay - Z delay between RAS and CAS signals
This parameter defines temporary system memory parameters such as CAS (Column Address Strobe) and RAS (Row Address Strobe).
Options: 2, 3, 4, 5, Auto.

DRAM RAS# Precharge - recharging time using the row selection signal.
This parameter determines the number of clock cycles required to return data to its previous position to close a memory bank, or the number of clock cycles required for a memory page to execute a command to activate the next memory bank.
Options: 2, 3, 4, 5, Auto.

Precharge Delay (tRAS) - M minimum duration of the RAS signal.
This parameter determines the number of clock cycles required after the memory bank activation signal before recharging occurs (sets the minimum width of the RAS signal).
Options: Auto, 4~15.

SystemBIOSCacheable - TO cachingBIOS'A.
This option allows the BIOS to be cached in RAM for faster command execution.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

Video BIOS Cacheable - TO BIOS video ashing.
This option allows BIOS video to be cached in RAM for faster command execution.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

4. Integrated Peripherals - Built-in peripherals.

Figure 5. Embedded peripherals.

Realtek Lan BOOT ROM.
Enables/disables Boot ROM of the Realtek integrated network card to boot from local network.

• PCI Express Function - Operation tires PCI Express.

Move the cursor to the PCI Express Function section and press the key . You will see the following menu:

Figure 5-1.

PCI- Ex1 Func 1 (PCI- Exp2)/ PCI- Ex1 Func 2 (PCI- Exp3).
This option allows you to select the mode Enabled, Disabled.
PCI-E Compliancy Mode.
This option allows you to select PCI-E Compliancy mode.
Options: V1.0a, V1.0

• Chipset IDE Devices - Integrated IDE devices.

Move the cursor to the IDE Function Setup section and press the key . You will see the following menu:

Figure 5-2.

Delay For HDD (Secs).
This item allows you to set longer time delays before starting to scan the hard drive during system boot. Some hard drives may require a longer latency to be detected correctly.
Options: 0 ~ 15sec.

IDE HDD Block Mode.
IDE HDD Block Mode allows the controller to access blocks of sectors rather than one sector at a time.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

IDE DMA transfer access.
Automatic data transfer between system memory and IDE device with minimal CPU usage. Allows you to increase throughput and free up the processor for other tasks.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

Chipset Primary (Secondary) PCI IDE.
The motherboard supports two channels of the regular IDE interface and one channel of the Serial ATA interface. Select "Enabled" to configure each channel.
If you are not using the onboard IDE connector, set the Onboard Primary (Secondary) PCI IDE settings to Disabled.

IDE Primary/Secondary Master/Slave PIO.
The four IDE PIO (Programmable Input/Output) fields allow you to set the PIO mode (0-4) for each of the four IDE devices supported by the integrated IDE controller. Modes 0 to 4 provide progressively higher performance. In Auto mode, the system automatically determines the best mode for each device.
Options: Auto, Mode 0~4.

IDE Primary/Secondary Master/Slave UDMA.
Selecting the operating mode of the IDE device. Using Ultra DMA-33/66/100 technology is only possible if your hard drive IDE drive it is supported and the DMA driver is installed in the operating system. If both your hard drive and operating system support Ultra DMA-33/66/100, set this option to Auto to enable UDMA mode in the BIOS.
Options: Auto, Disabled.

*** On-Chip Serial ATA Setting ***
Setting up the integrated Serial ATA interface.

Chipset Serial ATA.
This item sets the operating mode SATA interface. In Combined mode, the SATA port will replace one of the traditional IDE Primary or Secondary ports. Enhanced mode will allow SATA to work simultaneously with Parallel-ATA ports.
Options: Disabled, Auto, Combined Mode, Enhanced Mode, SATA Only.

PATA IDE Mode.
This item is only available when the integrated SATA controller is in Combined mode. The value "Primary" will make the PATA IDE port the Primary port, and the remaining SATA ports will become Secondary. Likewise, the value "Secondary" will make the PATA IDE port a Secondary port and the SATA ports a Primary port.
Options: Primary, Secondary.

• Onboard Device Setup - Configuring built-in devices.

Move the cursor to the Onboard Device section and press the key . You will see the following menu:

Figure 5-3.

USB Controller.
Includes USB controller.

USB 2.0 Controller.
Includes EHCI controller (USB 2.0).
Options: Disabled, Enabled.

USB Keyboard Support.
Enable/disable support USB keyboards when working in the DOS operating system.

USB Mouse Support.
Enable/disable support USB mice when working in the DOS operating system.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.
AC97 Audio.
This option allows you to disable the integrated audio controller.
Options: Auto, Disabled.

Realtek Lan Device.
Includes an integrated LAN network interface.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

• Legacy Devices - Setting up legacy devices.

Move the cursor to the Legacy Devices section and press the key . You will see the following menu:

Figure 5-4.

Onboard FDC Controller - AND integrated floppy drive controller.
Select "Enabled" if you intend to use the integrated floppy drive controller. If you want to install an external controller or the system does not have a floppy drive, select the “Disabled” value.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

Onboard Serial Port 1 - AND integrated P serial port 1.
Select the base address and interrupt number for integrated serial port No. 1.

Onboard IrDA Port - AND integrated infrared port.
Select the base address and interrupt number for the integrated infrared port.
Options: 3F8/IRQ4, 2E8/IRQ3, 3E8/IRQ4, 2F8/IRQ3, Disabled, Auto.

Onboard Parallel Port - AND integrated parallel port.
Integrated Parallel LPT Port Configuration
Options: 378/IRQ7, 278/IRQ5, 3BC/IRQ7, Disabled.

Parallel Port Mode - R Parallel port operating mode.
Allows you to select the operating mode of the parallel port.
Options: SPP, EPP, ECP, ECP+EPP.

EPP Mode Select - IN choiceregimeEPP.
Allows you to select the EPP mode of the parallel port.
Options: EPP1.9, EPP1.7.

ECP Mode USE DMA - AND Using DMA in ECP mode.
Allows you to select DMA1 or DMA3 to use in ECP mode.
Options: 1, 3.

5. Power Management Setup - Power management settings.

Select “Power Management Setup” from the main menu (Figure 6). This section allows the user to change power management settings and IRQ signals. In general, these parameters should not be changed unless absolutely necessary.

Figure 6. Power management settings.

POWER ON Function.
Allows you to turn on the computer's power based on a signal from the keyboard, mouse, or by pressing a specified key combination.
Options: Disabled, Any Key, Mouse, Both (Any Key + Mouse).

PwrOn After Pwr-Fail - IN switching on after a power failure.
This parameter allows you to determine how the system behaves when power is restored.

Off: The system remains off.
Former- S ts: The system returns to the state it was in when the power was lost.

Power Management - U nutrition management.
This option allows you to select the power management mode. The default value is User Mode.

Max. S aving: Maximum energy saving. The inactivity period for all modes is 1 minute.

Min. S aving: Minimal energy saving. The period of inactivity for all modes is 1 hour.
User Define: Allows you to manually set time periods for energy saving modes.
Video Off Method - WITH way to turn off the screen.
This item allows you to select how to turn off the screen in energy-saving modes. The default value is “V/H Sync+Blank”.
V/H Sync+Blank: The system disables the vertical and horizontal scan circuits and writes a blank frame to the video buffer.

DPMSSupport: Select this option if your monitor supports the VESA (Display Power Management Signaling) DPMS standard. Use the software that came with your video devices to configure power management settings.
Blank: The system only writes an empty frame to the video buffer.
Suspend Mode - R suspend mode.
The system automatically turns off all devices except the processor after a specified period of system inactivity.
Options: Off, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40 minutes and 1 hour.

HDD Power Down - Disabling hard drives.
Turns off power to hard drives after a specified period of system inactivity.
Options: Disabled, 1~15min.

Soft-Off by PBTN - P Programmed shutdown with the power button.
Selecting the operating mode of the power button. Default value is "Instant Off"
Instant O ff: Immediately turns off the system.
Delay 4 S end: Turns off the system after a 4-second press delay. When you briefly press the power button, the system will enter Suspend mode. Press the power button again to return the system to normal operation.

Wake-Up by PCI Card - P Wake up on a signal from PCI.
Determines whether the system can return from S3/S4 mode based on a signal from a USB device.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

Resume by Alarm - P Wake up by timer.
Allows you to set the day of the month and time (hh:mm:ss) when the switched off system will be switched on.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

6. PNP/ PCI Configuration- ConfigurationPNP/ PCI.

This section allows you to modify PCI IRQ signals when installing various PCI expansion cards.
IN attention: TO IRQ conflicts may prevent the system from detecting some devices.

Figure 7. PNP/PCI configuration.

Init Display First - Determining the main video adapter.
Allows you to select the order in which video adapters are initialized when the system boots.
Options: PCI Slot, PCIEx.

Resources Controlled By - TO controlresources.
Determines how PNP/PCI resources are controlled. Default value is Auto (ESCD)
Manual: PNP card resources are controlled manually. The "IRQ Resources" field becomes available and you can what IRQ-X and DMA-X values ​​are assigned to integrated and PCI devices.
Auto: The BIOS automatically assigns interrupt resources.
PCI/VGA Palette Snoop - TO VGA palette adjustment for PCI video cards.
This item is intended to solve problems with some non-standard VGA cards.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

*** P PCI Express related items***
Maximum Payload Size.
Sets the maximum packet size (in bytes) for PCI Express devices.
Options: 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096.
Interrupt requests are used in accordance with the table:

Table 7-1.

When using PCI cards in slots with shared IRQs, make sure their drivers support Shared IRQ mode or that the cards do not require an IRQ assignment. IRQ conflicts between two PCI groups will lead to unstable system operation or inoperability of these cards.

7. PC Health Status - Setting up hardware monitoring.

Figure 8. Setting up hardware monitoring.

Show PC Health in POST - P provide summary during loading.
When this feature is enabled, hardware monitoring system information is displayed on the screen during bootup.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

Current System/CPU Temperature.
Shows the current chipset/processor temperature.

Current Power/CPU/System FAN Speed.
Shows the current rotation speed of the power supply/processor/case fans in revolutions per minute.

VDIMM
DIMM memory voltage level.

VChip
Chipset voltage level.

VCore
Processor core voltage level (Vcore).

Vbatt(V)
Battery voltage level.

+12V, VCC, 5VSB (V)
Switching power supply voltage levels.

ACPI Shutdown Temperature - T system shutdown temperature.
The temperature at which the computer will shut down to prevent damage from overheating (requires ACPI mode to be enabled in the Power Management section, and ACPI mode to be supported by the operating system). Default value: Disabled.
Available options: 60°C/140°F to 75°C/167°F in 5°C increments.

• SmartFan Function - AND Intelligent fan control.

Move the cursor to the SmartFan Function section and press the key . You will see the following menu:

Figure 8-1.

Smart CPU FAN Function.
This item allows you to set the method for controlling the fan rotation speed. The "Full Speed" method sets the fan duty cycle to 100%. When you select the “By Duty Cycle” method, you can directly set the fan duty cycle. The “By Temperature” method allows you to calculate the fan rotation speed depending on the temperature range.
Below is an example of using the "By Tempeature" method.

Current CPU Temperature/Fan Speed.
Displays the current CPU temperature/fan speed.

Example of how the function works S martFan:

Table 8-2.

You only need to set the parameters marked in gray in the figure. The system will automatically calculate the intermediate temperatures Temp LM and Temp MH and the corresponding duty cycle values ​​Duty LM and Duty MH.
. The performance of the Smart CPU FAN function depends on the fan design. Most fans have built-in thermistors and can independently regulate the rotation speed. Some fans only allow duty cycle control over a very limited range of values.
. For best results, use the USDM utility to configure the fan.

8. Power BIOS Features - System overclocking settings.

This section allows you to configure various system overclocking options to achieve better performance.

Attention:
Overclocking a system requires in-depth understanding and can damage system components. We recommend not changing the values ​​of these parameters for stable system operation.

Figure 9. Frequency/voltage setting.

Auto Detect PCI Clk - A Automatic detection of PCI bus frequency.
When enabled, automatically disables clocking on unused (empty) PCI slots, thereby reducing EMI.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

Spread Spectrum Modulated - M modulated extended spectrum.
Enabling this option can significantly reduce electromagnetic interference generated by the system.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

WatchDogFunction- Control function.
When this feature is enabled and the system overclocking fails before POST 26h, the system parameters will be automatically set to default values.
Options: Enabled, Disabled.

CPU CLOCK/SPEED - H CPU frequency/speed.
Allows you to increase the processor clock frequency in 1 MHz increments. Together with the processor frequency multiplication factor (“CPU Clock Ratio”), this parameter determines the operating frequency of the processor.

Clock frequency x TO multiplication factor = R operating frequency of the processor.
For example, if the processor runs at 2.4 GHz and the clock frequency is 200 MHz, then 200 MHz x 12 = 2.4 GHz.
Options: from 200 to 400 in 1 MHz steps.

Figure 9-1. The FSB frequency is 800 MHz.

Figure 9-2. The FSB frequency is 533 MHz.

Enter the processor frequency in decimal format.
The result of unsuccessful overclocking will be the absence of an image on the monitor screen. To resolve this issue, turn off the system power and turn it on again. While rebooting the system, keep the "Insert" key pressed. This will reset the BIOS settings to default values.

PCI Express Freq Control - U boardfrequencytiresPCI Express.
Allows you to control the operating frequency of the PCI Express bus.
The “Enabled” value allows you to change its frequency in 1 MHz steps using the following item. Selecting the “Disabled” value will fix the PCI‑E bus frequency at 100 MHz. The "Auto" value will set the frequency according to the FSB bus.
Options: Auto, Enabled, Disabled.

PCI Express Freq - N Setting the PCI Express bus frequency.
Allows you to adjust the operating frequency of the PCIE bus in 1 MHz steps.

Figure 9-3. Enter value PCI frequencies Express in decimal format.

PCI FrequencySel- Setting the PCI bus frequency.
Allows you to select the PCI bus frequency.
Options: 33.3 MHz, 33.80 MHz, 34.28 MHz, 34.78 MHz, 35.29 MHz, 35.82 MHz, 36.36 MHz, 36.92 MHz, 37.50 MHz.

System Memory Frequency - N Adjusting the system memory frequency.
Allows you to set the multiplication factor clock frequency DDR SDRAM memory to match installed DIMMs. It is recommended to leave the default value. The available options depend on the FSB bus frequency.

Figure 9-4.

CPU Clock Ratio - N Setting the processor frequency multiplier.
Allows you to set the processor frequency multiplication factor. See CPU CLOCK/SPEED. If your processor's frequency multiplier is locked, this option is not available.

Voltage Adjust Menu - AND Changing voltage levels.
Move the cursor to the Voltage Adjust Menu section and press the key . You will see the following menu:

Figure 9-5.

In the following paragraphs, "DefaultVoltage(Default Voltage)" means the manufacturer's settings, and "NewVoltage(New Voltage Value)” means the user-specified voltage.

CPU Vcore
This item allows you to change the processor core voltage Vcore.

Chipset Voltage
This item allows you to change the chipset voltage.
It is recommended to leave the default value.

VDIMM Voltage
This item allows you to change the voltage of DIMM memory modules.
It is recommended to leave the default value.

Most often, we think about the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) only when we need to reinstall the operating system and need to somehow set it to boot from a disk or flash drive. I often wrote about this in articles such as:, and others. Now I want to put it together and refer only to this article when necessary. This article will be useful for all BIOS versions and for different companies. A kind of single reference book

The first thing you need to know is that BIOS is divided by manufacturer and version.

To change boot method in BIOS- You must first enter it.
You can, of course, find out what version and manufacturer of your BIOS is from the manual that came with your computer.
You can also find out by looking at the line at the top of the black screen when loading (the manufacturer will be indicated there).
Well, then enter the BIOS, knowing what it is like for you.

Some BIOS versions do not have such a screen showing lines. There’s just a logo there and at the bottom it says something like “Press F2 to enter SETUP,” which means press F2. If there is just a logo and there are no inscriptions, press ESC, and then del or f2

Here is a small list of manufacturers and keyboard shortcuts for entering BIOS:

Also at the bottom of the black screen there are keys for entering the BIOS and for displaying a list that contains available devices for booting and so that you can boot from it. But more about him at the end of the article.

Now you need to load a flash drive or disk.
Let's look at a few examples that differ from the BIOS manufacturer.

Setting up Award Bios to boot from a flash drive or disk:
The main window looks like this, in which we need the second item:

Note:

Another version of this BIOS:

I've only seen this on old computers from ten years ago, before 2003. The main menu looks like this:

How to choose what to boot from in AMI BIOS
If, after entering the Bios, you see such a screen, it means you have AMI BIOS:

Another AMI BIOS, but everything is clear here:

Setting up Phoenix-Award Bios to boot from a flash drive
If, after entering the Bios, you see a screen like this, then you have a Phoenix-Award BIOS:

Setting up EFI (UEFI) Bios with a graphical interface for booting from a flash drive
Now this won’t surprise anyone. Almost all new computers are equipped with a similar shell. You can read more about it in the article.
When loading, at the bottom of the screen there is a “Boot Priority” section, where you can use the mouse (by dragging) the pictures to set the desired boot order.
You can also click on the right top corner button “Exit/Advanced mode” and select Advanced mode in the window that appears.

How to boot from a flash drive or disk without entering BIOS
This is what I wrote about almost at the very beginning of the article.
This is when you need to press a key once and a window will appear with a boot selection. This method does not change the BIOS settings.
Usually Award BIOS suggests pressing “F9” to call boot menu, and AMI asks you to press “F8”. On laptops this may be the “F12” key.
In general, look at the bottom line and look for items like “Press F8 for BBS POPUP” or “Press F9 to Select Booting Device after POST”.

Why can't I boot from a flash drive into BIOS?

Possible reasons:

On older computers there is no way to boot from USB flash drives at all. If a newer BIOS does not exist, then the project may help.
1) Download the latest version of "Plop Boot Manager" from the link above and unpack it.
2) The archive contains the following files: plpbt.img – an image for a floppy disk, and plpbt.iso – an image for a CD.
3) Write the image to disk and boot from it (or from a floppy disk).
4) A menu will appear in which we select our flash drive and boot from it.

A small explanation of disk designations when selecting:

Do not forget, after you have done what you wanted (namely, why you changed the boot in the BIOS) - return the boot settings back so that the computer boots from the hard drive.

This material describes almost all parameters that can be set in the Setup BIOS program from AWARD Software International Inc. A specific motherboard may not have some of the described parameters. The same parameters may have different names depending on the motherboard manufacturer, so here are several options in some cases.

Virus Warning

Enabling this parameter disables any writing to the bootloader. hard sector disk without the user's permission. It was introduced to protect against so-called boot viruses that infect the boot sector. It is recommended to always enable this option, but please note that, for example, Windows 95 freezes during installation if Virus Warning is set to Enable (a black square appears on the screen).

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Boot Virus Detection

The meaning of this parameter is very different from Virus Warning. The idea is as follows - if this parameter is disabled, then before loading the operating system BIOS systems writes the boot sector to flash memory and stores it there. After setting the parameter to Enabled, the BIOS will not boot the system from the hard drive if the contents of the boot sector differ from those stored in memory. Further, at the user's discretion, it is possible to either boot the system from a hard drive or from a floppy disk.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

CPU Internal Cache/External Cache

Enable/disable the internal or external processor cache. You should disable any type of cache memory only if it is necessary to artificially slow down the computer, for example, when installing an old expansion card.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

CPU Level 1 Cache/CPU Level_2 Cache

The first level cache and the second level processor cache are enabled/disabled for Pentium Pro architecture processors (Pentium II, Deshutes, etc.). You should disable cache memory only if it is necessary to artificially slow down the computer, for example, when installing an old expansion card.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

CPU Level 2 Cache ECC Check (Enable ECC for processor level 2 cache)

The parameter can only be present for boards with Pentium II architecture processors. It makes sense to enable it only if the installed Pentium II class processor has a second-level cache with ECC control capability.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

BIOS Update

Enabling this parameter allows you to update the BIOS microcode. In this case, new menu items may appear, with the help of which it is possible to more precisely configure the system for individual cases (for example, cases of incompatibility).

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

CPU Fast String (Fast string operations)

Enabling this parameter allows you to use some specific features of the Pentium Pro family architecture (Pentium II, Deshutes, etc.), in particular, the ability to cache string operations. You just need to understand that the program itself must meet the conditions to enable this mechanism. These conditions are specified in the documentation for any processor of this family. It is recommended to leave the parameter in the "Allowed" state.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Deturbo Mode

When this parameter is enabled, the FLUSH# signal becomes active and no data is then cached by the processor in its internal cache (first-level cache) by Pentium Pro architecture processors (Pentium II, Deshutes, etc.). Allowing this setting should only be used when you need to deliberately slow down your computer.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Quick Power On Self Test

Enabling this parameter leads to a significant reduction in the time for initial testing of the computer by the BIOS, especially with significant amounts of RAM. You should only take into account that the memory, for example, in this case is not tested, but only its size is checked.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Boot Sequence

The parameter sets the sequence of polling devices from which the operating system can be loaded. These devices are designated either by letters for physical hard drives and regular floppy drives, or by the name of the device - CD-ROM for CD-ROM drives, LS for 120 Mb a:drive drives, or ZIP for 100 Mb ZIP IDE drives.

For modern versions, possible values ​​might look like this:

• C only
• CD-ROM, C
• LS/ZIP, C
• etc.

Swap Floppy Drive

If enabled, then drives A and B seem to swap places. It makes sense only if there are 2 disk drives in the computer.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Boot Up Floppy Seek (Search for a boot drive after turning on the computer)

If this parameter is enabled, then the BIOS contacts each drive to recognize its format (40_or 80 tracks it supports). Since 40-track drives have not been available since 1993, you should not enable this option as the BIOS will take a few seconds to figure out the drive format each time.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Boot Up NumLock Status (Turning on the numeric keypad when you turn on the computer)

Enabling this parameter enables the NumLock indicator and the numeric keypad generates digit and sign codes, otherwise arrow, Ins, Del, etc. codes are generated.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Typematic Rate Setting

Allows or disables setting the speed at which the keyboard repeats character input when a key is pressed.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Typematic Rate (Chars/Sec)

The parameter has an effect only if Typematic Rate Setting is enabled.

The repetition frequency has a number of fixed values, which this parameter can take:

Typematic Delay (Msec)

Sets the delay value from the moment a key is pressed until the keyboard starts repeating a character. Only takes effect if Typematic Rate Setting is enabled.

The value can be selected from the range:

PS/2 Mouse Function Control

Enabling this setting gives IRQ12 for the PS/2 mouse port only. Otherwise, if there is no PS/2 mouse connected to the computer, IRQ12 is free for other devices. It is recommended to set it to Auto.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed and IRQ12 occupied
• Auto - BIOS detects the presence or absence of a PS/2 mouse

OS/2 Onboard Memory > 64MB (Select a value for OS/2 if there is more memory than 64 Mb)

Requires permission if two conditions are met: the computer has more than 64 MB of memory installed and OS/2 is used as the operating system.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

PCI/VGA Palette Snoop (Adjusting the palette of a VGA video card on PCI)

This option should only be enabled if the colors on the screen are not displayed correctly. As a rule, this effect can occur when using non-standard devices such as MPEG cards, 3D accelerators and other similar devices.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Video ROM BIOS Shadow (Video BIOS to memory)

Enabling this option causes the BIOS video to be transferred from the ROM (read-only memory) on the video card to the computer's main memory, which significantly speeds up working with the BIOS video (this is necessary and visible in DOS). The acceleration is explained both by the fact that accessing ROM is much slower than accessing RAM, and by the fact that accessing ROM is on an 8-bit grid, and accessing RAM is on a 32- or 64-bit grid.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Floppy Disk Access Control (R/W)

Enabling this option allows information to be written to the floppy disk, otherwise the floppy disk can be read. This parameter should be used to protect against unauthorized copying from your computer.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

CHIPSET FEATURES Setup

AUTO Configuration

Has 3 meanings:

• 60 ns - sets access parameters for DRAM with speed 60 ns
• 70 ns - the same for memory with a speed of 70 ns
• Disabled - allows you to set any possible access parameters to DRAM memory

DRAM RAS# Precharge Time

This function allows you to determine the number of system bus clock cycles for generating the RAS signal. Decreasing this value increases performance, but reducing it too much for a particular memory may result in data loss.

Takes values:

DRAM R/W Leadoff Timing

Defines the number of clock cycles on the bus before any DRAM operations are performed.

• 8/7 - eight bars for reading and seven bars for writing
• 7/5 - seven bars for reading and five bars for writing

DRAM RAS to CAS Delay

During memory access, column and row accesses are performed separately from each other. This parameter determines the state of one signal from another. Decreasing the value increases performance.

The parameter can take the following values:

• 3 - three delay cycles
• 2 - two delay cycles.

DRAM Read Burst Timing

A read and write request is generated by the processor in four separate phases. In the first phase, access to a specific memory area is initiated, and in the remaining phases, the data is actually read. Reducing the total number of clock cycles increases performance.

The parameter can take the following values:

• x2222 - two delay cycles
• x3333 - three delay cycles
• x4444 - four clock cycles.

Speculative Leadoff

Enabling this parameter allows a read signal to be issued slightly earlier than the address is decoded. This technique reduces the overall time spent on a read operation. In other words, the processor will initiate a read signal at the same time it generates the address where the required data is located. The read signal is sensed by the DRAM controller and, if Speculative Leadoff is enabled, the controller will issue a read signal before the address is decoded.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Turn-Around Insertion

If this parameter is enabled (Enabled), then one additional clock cycle is included between two consecutive memory access cycles. Resolution reduces performance, but increases reliability during read/write operations.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Data Integrity (PAR/ECC)

Enables/disables memory monitoring for errors. The type of control is set by the DRAM ECC/PARITY Select parameter. To activate this option, memory modules that support this function are required.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

DRAM ECC/PARITY Select

The parameter appears only for the 430HX set (for example, in the ASUSTeK P/I-P55T2P4 motherboard) or 440FX/LX and only if memory modules with true parity are installed. In some BIOS versions, this parameter can only set the type of check, and the permission to check is set by the Data Integrity (PAR/ECC) parameter. Such strips are often called 36-bit.

Can take values:

• Parity - if an error occurs, a memory parity error message is displayed on the monitor and the computer stops working
• ECC - (Error Control Correction) if a single error occurs, it is corrected and work continues. If there is more than a single error, the computer also stops working. You just have to take into account that, according to Intel, the memory exchange speed when this mode is enabled decreases by approximately 3%.

Fast RAS# to CAS# Delay

During memory regeneration, rows and columns are addressed separately, so this parameter sets the interval between the RAS and CAS signals.

SDRAM Configuration

The parameter determines whether the BIOS program itself should determine the timing of memory access based on information from the SPD block or allow the user to do this.

Can take values:

• By SPD - access parameters are set according to SPD
• 7 ns (143 Mhz) - access parameters are set by the BIOS as for memory with an access time of 7 ns and a bus frequency of 143 MHz
• 8 ns (125 Mhz) - access parameters are set by the BIOS as for memory with an access time of 8 ns and a bus frequency of 125 MHz
• Disabled - set by user

SDRAM RAS Precharge Time

The parameter allows you to determine fast or slow charge accumulation by RAS before the start of the memory regeneration cycle. Setting the value to Fast increases performance, but Slow increases the stability of the computer, so the value to Fast should be set if you are confident in the quality of the memory.

Can take values:

• Fast - quickly
• Slow - slowly

SDRAM (CAS Lat/RAS-to-CAS)

This parameter allows you to choose between the duration of the CAS signal and the delay between the RAS and CAS signals. The value of this parameter depends on the characteristics of the SDRAM used in the motherboard and the speed of the processor. Therefore, you should change this parameter extremely carefully.

Can take values:

SDRAM CAS to RAS Delay

The parameter determines the delay value after the RAS signal is issued until the CAS signal appears for synchronous memory. The smaller this value, the faster access to memory. However, it should be changed carefully.

The parameter can take the following values:

• 3 - three delay cycles
• 2 - two delay cycles

SDRAM CAS# Latency

Sets the CAS delay value for SDRAM. A lower value improves system performance. It is recommended to set this value lower for SDRAM running at 10 ns or better.

Can take values:

SDRAM Banks Close Policy

The parameter was introduced for boards with the 440LX set due to the fact that memory with a 2-bank organization does not work correctly in these boards if the memory bank access parameters are set to default. This was not required in the 430TX set, since the access rules for different memories were the same. Change BIOS installation The default for this option is to only use if the memory is unstable.

Can take values:

• Page Miss - used for dual bank memory
• Arbitration - for memory from 4 banks.

DRAM Idle Timer

This parameter sets the time (in ticks) until all open pages memory. Affects both EDO and SDRAM memory.

Can take values:

Snoop Ahead (Prediction)

Enabling this parameter allows data to be streamed between PCI and memory, predicting what data will be needed next and thereby speeding up data transfer.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Host Bus Fast Data Ready

Enabling this parameter will allow data to be removed from the bus at the same time as it is sampled. Otherwise, the data will be held on the bus for one additional clock cycle.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Refresh RAS# Assertion

This parameter sets the number of ticks (i.e. RAS duration) for the regeneration cycle. The accepted values ​​are determined by the quality of the memory and the chipset. A lower value improves performance.

MA Wait State

The parameter allows you to set or remove an additional wait cycle before starting memory reading. For EDO memory, one clock cycle is always present by default, and setting the value to Slow adds another wait clock cycle. For SDRAM there is no sleep cycle by default and setting Slow introduces one clock cycle.

Can take values:

• Slow - one bar is added;
• Fast - no additional wait cycle.

SDRAM Speculative Read

Enabling this parameter allows a read signal to be issued slightly earlier than the address is decoded. This technique reduces the overall time spent on a read operation. In other words, the processor will initiate a read signal at the same time it generates the address where the required data is located. The read signal is sensed by the DRAM controller and, if the SDRAM Speculative Read option is enabled, the controller will issue a read signal before the address is decoded.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

System BIOS Casheable

Enabling this parameter makes it possible to cache the memory region at system BIOS addresses F0000H through FFFFFH into cache memory. The setting will only be used if cache memory is enabled in the BIOS Features Setup section. If any program tries to write to these addresses, the system will display an error message.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Video BIOS Cacheable (Caching the BIOS area of ​​the video card)

Enabling this parameter makes it possible to cache a memory area at video card BIOS addresses from C0000H to C7FFFH into cache memory. The setting will only be used if cache memory is enabled in the BIOS Features Setup section. If any program tries to write to these addresses, the system will display an error message.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Video Memory Cache Mode

The parameter is valid only for Pentium Pro architecture processors (Pentium II, Deshutes, etc.). The Pentium Pro processor had the ability to change the cache mode depending on a specific memory area through special internal registers called Memory Type Range Registers - MTRR. Using these registers, the UC (uncached), WC (write combining), WP (write protect), WT (write through) and WB (write protection) modes can be set for a specific memory area. write back - write back). Setting the USWC (uncached, speculative write combining) mode allows you to significantly speed up data output via the PCI bus to the video card (up to 90 MB/s instead of 8 MB/s). Please note that the video card must support access to its memory in the range from A0000 - BFFFF (128 kB) and have a linear frame buffer. Therefore, it is better to set the USWC mode, but in case of any problems (the system may not boot) set the default value UC.

Can take values:

• UC (uncached) - not cached
• USWC (uncached, speculative write combining) - do not cache, combined write mode

Graphics Aperture Size

This parameter specifies the maximum size of the memory area for use by a video card with an AGP interface. The default value set at power-up or reset is 4 MB. After initialization, the BIOS takes the value selected by the motherboard manufacturer (usually 64 MB).

Allowed range of graphic aperture values:

• 16 MB
• 32 MB
• 64 MB
• 128 MB
• 256 MB

PCI 2.1 Support

When enabled, PCI bus specification 2.1 capabilities are supported. Specification 2.1 has two main differences from 2.0 - the maximum bus clock frequency is increased to 66 MHz and a PCI-PCI bridge mechanism is introduced, which makes it possible to remove the limitation of specification 2.0, according to which no more than 4 devices can be installed on the bus. Disabling this option only makes sense if problems arise after installation PCI boards(as a rule, they only occur with fairly old boards).

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

8 Bit I/O Recovery Time (Recovery time for 8-bit devices)

The parameter is measured in processor cycles and determines what delay the system will set after issuing a request to read/write a device (or, as is customary with Intel, a port) I/O. This delay is necessary because the read/write cycle for I/O devices is significantly longer than for memory. In addition, 8-bit I/O devices themselves are generally slower than 16-bit I/O devices. The default value of this parameter is 1 and should be increased only if a slow 8-bit device is installed in the computer.

Can take values ​​from 1 to 8 cycles.

16 Bit I/O Recovery Time (Recovery time for 16-bit devices)

The parameter is measured in processor cycles, and determines what delay the system will set after issuing a request to read/write a device (or, as is customary with Intel, a port) I/O. This delay is necessary because the read/write cycle for I/O devices is significantly longer than for memory. The default value of this parameter is 1 and should be increased only if any slow 16-bit device is installed in the computer.

Can take values ​​from 1 to 4 clock cycles.

Memory Hole At 15M-16M ("Hole" in memory inside the 15th megabyte of memory)

Enabling this parameter allows you to treat I/O devices as memory and thereby increase the speed of access to such devices. For this mechanism to function, it is necessary to exclude all normal programs from using a certain memory area (15 megabytes), which is what the BIOS does when this parameter is enabled. This option should be enabled if it is required in the documentation for the card installed in this computer.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Peer Concurrency

This setting allows or disables the simultaneous operation of multiple devices on the PCI bus.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Chipset Special Features

This parameter enables/disables all new functions added to the HX, VX or TX sets compared to FX.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Passive Release

This parameter enables/disables the mechanism for parallel operation of the ISA and PCI buses. If this option is enabled, then processor access to the PCI bus is allowed during passive partitioning. The need to disable this parameter may arise when using ISA cards that actively use DMA channels.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

PCI Delayed Transaction

The presence of this parameter means that the motherboard has a built-in 32-bit buffer to support the extended PCI transfer cycle. If this parameter is enabled, then access to the PCI bus is allowed while accessing 8-bit devices on the ISA bus. This significantly increases performance, since a cycle of such access on ISA takes 50-60 PCI bus cycles. When installing a card into a computer that does not support the PCI 2.1 specification, this option should be disabled.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Parallel Port Mode (ECP+EPP)

The parameter allows you to set the operating modes of the parallel port. Please note that the exchange speed for some devices can be significantly increased if the printer port operating mode is correctly set, for example, for external storage devices such as Iomega ZIP Drive LPT.

Can take values:

• Normal - normal printer interface, also called SPP
• ECP - advanced port
• EPP - Extended Printer Port
• ECP+EPP - both modes can be used

ECP DMA Select

The parameter appears only when ECP or ECP+EPP mode is enabled in Parallel Port Mode (ECP+EPP). To properly support ECP mode, a DMA channel must be enabled, which can be selected from channels 1 or 3.

Can take values:

• 1 - channel 1
• 3 - channel 3
• Disabled - DMA is prohibited

There is also an item for selecting the EPP operating mode.

Can take values:

• EPP 1.9
• EPP 1.7

Onboard PCI IDE Enable

This parameter controls whether each of the two channels of the IDE controller installed on the motherboard is enabled or disabled.

Can take values:

• Primary - only the first channel is allowed to operate
• Secondary - only the second channel is allowed to work
• Both - both channels are allowed to operate
• Disable - operation of both channels is prohibited

IDE PIO Mode (Select the operating mode of each drive)

Four parameters allow you to set the operating modes of each drive individually or allow BIOS automatic setting the highest speed mode for the disk. The valid parameters are the same for each disk. For example, for IDE 0 Master Mode, valid values ​​are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and AUTO.

The UDMA setting can be set to Auto or Disable.

PnP/PCI Configuration Setup

PNP OS Installed (Is an operating system installed that supports Plug&Play mode?)

Set to Yes if the operating system supports Plug&Play (for example, Windows 95), and No otherwise. If you selected No, the BIOS must configure the Plug&Play devices.

Resources Controlled By

If AUTO is selected, the BIOS itself will automatically assign interrupts and DMA channels to all devices connected to the PCI bus and these parameters will not appear on the screen. Otherwise, all these parameters must be set manually. In some BIOS versions, this parameter can be set individually for each PCI slot and look like this:

• Slot 1 IRQ
• Slot 2 IRQ
• etc.

Reset Configuration Data

It is recommended to set it to Disabled. When installing Enabled, the BIOS will clear the Extended System Configuration Data (ESCD) area, which stores data about the system BIOS configuration, so hardware conflicts are possible for devices “abandoned” in this way.

IRQ n Assigned to (Interrupt number n is assigned to...)

Each system interrupt can be assigned one of following types devices: Legacy ISA (classic ISA cards) - Regular cards for ISA, such as modems or sound cards without Plug&Play support. These cards require interrupt assignments in accordance with their PCI/ISA PnP documentation (PCI bus devices or ISA bus devices with Plug&Play support) - this parameter is set only for devices on the PCI bus or ISA cards with Plug&Play support.

DMA n Assigned to (DMA channel number n is assigned to...)

Each DMA channel of the system can be assigned one of the following device types: Legacy ISA (classic ISA cards) - Regular ISA cards, such as modems or sound cards without Plug&Play support. These cards require DMA channel assignments in accordance with their PCI/ISA PnP documentation (PCI bus devices or Plug&Play ISA bus devices) - this parameter is set only for PCI bus devices or ISA Plug&Play cards.

PCI IRQ Activated by

The parameter can take the following values: Level (level) - the interrupt controller responds only to the signal level Edge (edge) - the interrupt controller responds only to the signal level difference.

PCI IDE IRQ Map to (IDE controller interrupts on PCI are mapped to...)

Allows you to release interrupts occupied by the IDE controller on the PCI bus if it is absent (or disabled) on the motherboard and give them to devices on the ISA bus. The standard interrupts for ISA are IRQ 14 for the first channel and IRQ 15 for the second channel.

Can take values:

• PCI IDE IRQ mapping (used for PCI IDE)
• PC AT (ISA) (used for ISA)

IRQ n Used By ISA

The parameter coincides with IRQ n Assigned to and can take the following values:

• No/ICU (no/configuration utility for ISA) - if this value is set, the BIOS can manage this interrupt at its discretion. For DOS, setting parameters in this case can also be done using the ISA Configuration Utility program from Intel
• Yes - means forced interrupt release for any card on the ISA bus that does not support Plug&Play mode. It is recommended to always specify Yes for such cards and the interrupts they require, since otherwise the BIOS may assign an interrupt that is hard-coded by some card on the ISA to another card, which may even cause the computer to stop working normally.

DMA n Used By ISA

The parameter is the same as DMA n Assigned to and can take the following values:

• No/ICU (No/ISA Configuration Utility) - If set to this value, the BIOS can manage this DMA channel as it sees fit. For DOS, setting parameters in this case can also be done using the ISA Configuration Utility program from Intel
• Yes - Forces release of the DMA channel for any card on the ISA bus that does not support Plug&Play. It is recommended to always specify Yes for such cards and the DMA channels they require, since otherwise the BIOS may assign a channel that is hardcoded to one card on the ISA to another card, which may even cause the computer to stop working normally.

ISA MEM Block BASE

Some ISA bus cards require access to memory located on the card at certain addresses. Therefore, there was a need for this BIOS parameter.

Can take values:

• No/ICU - leaves control of this parameter to the discretion of the BIOS or ICU program
• C800, CC00, D000, D400, D800 and DC00 - the address of the memory block is indicated.

In addition, an additional parameter ISA MEM Block Size (memory block size) appears, which is needed if there are several such ISA cards and this parameter can take values ​​8K, 16K, 32K, 64K

Onboard AHA BIOS (Adaptec SCSI controller BIOS)

The parameter allows/disables the BIOS execution of the built-in SCSI controller and thereby enables/disables the operation of the built-in SCSI controller.

Can take values:

• AUTO (automatically) - Allowed to search for an Adaptec SCSI controller and launch the BIOS for it
• Disabled - Set to this value when there is no SCSI card.

ONB AHA BIOS First (Launch Adaptec controller BIOS first)

The parameter allows/prohibits starting the BIOS of the built-in Adaptec controller before starting any other SCSI controller.

Can take values:

• Yes - allowed
• No - prohibited

ONB SCSI SE Term. (Embedded SCSI Controller Terminators)

The parameter allows/prohibits the connection of load resistors (terminators) on the built-in SCSI controller.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

ONB SCSI LVD Term. (Embedded SCSI LVD Controller Terminators)

The parameter allows/prohibits the connection of load resistors (terminators) on the built-in SCSI LVD controller. Controlling this parameter allows you to increase the length of the SCSI connecting cable up to 25 meters.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

SYMBIOS SCSI BIOS or NCR SCSI BIOS

Permission to search for a SCSI controller based on the NCR 810 chip, used, for example, in the ASUS SC-200 card.

Can take values:

• AUTO (automatically) - Allowed to search for a SCSI controller and launch the BIOS for it
• Disabled - Set to this value when there is no SCSI card

PCI Latency Timer

Sets the maximum time (in bus clock cycles) that a device on the PCI bus can hold the bus if another device requires access to the bus. The permissible range for changing this parameter is from 0 to 255 in steps of multiples of 8. The value of the parameter should be changed carefully, since it depends on the specific implementation of the motherboard.

USB IRQ (USB Interrupt)

The parameter enables or disables interrupt assignment for the USB bus controller. Because computers often lack interrupts, you should only enable this option if there is a USB device on the system.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Power Management Setup

Power Management

Allows you to either allow the BIOS to reduce the computer's power consumption if it is not being used, or prohibit it.

Can take values:

• User Define (user defined) - when setting this parameter, you can independently set the time for switching to low power mode
• Min Saving - when this option is selected, the computer will enter low power mode after a period of 40 minutes to 2 hours (depending on the specific BIOS of the motherboard)
• Max Saving (maximum energy saving) - the computer will go into low power mode 10-30 s after the user stops working with it
• Disable - disables power saving mode

Video Off Option (In what mode to turn off the monitor)

Allows you to set at what stage the computer is “falling asleep” to switch the monitor to low power consumption mode.

Can take values:

• Susp, Stby -> Off (turns off in Suspend and Standby modes) - the monitor will go into low power mode when either Suspend or Standby mode occurs
• All modes -> Off (turn off in all modes) - the monitor will be switched to low power mode in any mode
• Always On - The monitor will never be put into low power mode
• Suspend -> Off (turn off in Suspend mode) - the monitor will go into low power mode when Suspend mode occurs.

Video Off Method

Sets how the monitor enters low power mode.

Can take values:

• DPMS OFF - reduces monitor power consumption to a minimum
• DPMS Reduce ON - monitor is turned on and can be used
• DPMS Standby - monitor in low power mode
• DPMS Suspend - monitor in ultra-low power mode
• Blank Screen - the screen is blank, but the monitor consumes full power
• V/H SYNC + Blank - scan signals are removed - the monitor goes into the lowest power consumption mode.

Suspend Switch

The parameter allows or prohibits switching to suspend mode (temporary stop) using a button on the system unit. To do this, you need to connect the SMI jumper on the motherboard to the button on the front panel. As a rule, either a special Sleep button or a Turbo button is used for this. Suspend mode is a mode for maximum reduction of computer power consumption.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Doze Speed ​​(CPU frequency in Doze mode)

Determines the clock division factor in Doze mode.

Stby Speed ​​(CPU frequency in Standby mode)

Determines the clock frequency division factor in Standby mode.

HDD Power Down

Sets either the time after which, if unused, the hard drive will be turned off, or prohibits such shutdown at all. The setting has no effect on SCSI drives.

Can take values:

• From 1 to 15 minutes
• Disabled - prohibited

Doze Mode

Sets the transition time or disables the transition to the first stage of power reduction.

Can take values:

• 30 Sec, 1 Min, 2 Min, 4 Min, 8 Min, 20 Min, 30 Min, 40 Min, 1 Hour - transition time (Sec - seconds, Min - minutes, Hour - hour)
• Disabled - prohibited

Standby Mode

Sets the transition time or disables the transition to the second stage of power reduction.

Can take values:

• Disabled - prohibited

Suspend Mode

Sets the transition time or prohibits the transition to the third stage of power reduction.

Can take values:

• 30 Sec, 1 Min, 2 Min, 4 Min, 8 Min, 20 Min, 30 Min, 40 Min, 1 Hour - transition time (Sec - seconds, Min - minutes, Hour - hour)
• Disabled - prohibited

PM Events

This section specifies those interrupts from which the computer should “wake up” if accessed to devices that use these interrupts.

IRQ 3 (Wake-up)

Enabling this setting will cause the computer to "wake up" from the modem or mouse connected to COM2.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 4 (Wake-up)

Enabling this setting will cause the computer to "wake up" from the modem or mouse connected to COM1.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 8 (Wake-up)

Enabling this setting will cause the computer to "wake up" from the real time clock. It is recommended to leave it disabled, as some programs may use the alarm function of the computer clock for their own purposes.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 12 (Wake-up)

Enabling this setting will cause the computer to "wake up" from a mouse connected to the PS/2 port.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

The next section indicates those devices whose activity should not make the computer go to sleep.

IRQ 3 (COM2)

When this setting is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if a device connected to the COM2 port is in use.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 4 (COM1)

When this setting is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if a device connected to the COM1 port is in use.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 5 (LPT2)

When this parameter is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if a device (usually a printer) connected to the LPT2 port is in use.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 6 (Floppy Disk)

When this setting is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep when the floppy drive is accessed.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 7 (LPT1)

When this parameter is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if a device (usually a printer) connected to the LPT1 port is in use.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 8 (RTC Alarm)

By enabling this setting, the computer does not go to sleep when the RTC (Real Time Clock) is used as a timer. It is recommended to leave it disabled, as some programs may use the alarm function of the computer clock for their own purposes.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 9 (IRQ2 Redir)

When this parameter is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if the device occupying the 9th (2) interrupt is in use.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 10 (Reserved)

When this setting is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if the device occupying interrupt 10 is in use.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 11 (Reserved)

When this parameter is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if the device occupying interrupt 11 is in use.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 12 (PS/2 Mouse)

When this setting is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if the device occupying interrupt 12 (a mouse connected to the PS/2 port) is in use.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 13 (Coprocessor)

When this setting is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep when the coprocessor is in use.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 14 (Hard Disk)

When this parameter is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if the hard drive on the first IDE channel is accessed.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

IRQ 15 (Reserved)

When this setting is enabled, the computer does not go to sleep if the hard drive or CD-ROM on the second IDE channel is being accessed.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Power Up Control

The parameters in this section define the types of power supply control and apply to ATX power supplies and motherboards that can be connected to such a source.

PWR Button

Controls the functions of the Power button on the computer system unit.

Can take values:

• Soft Off (software shutdown) - the button works like a regular computer power on/off button, but it allows software shutdown of the computer (for example, when exiting Windows95)
• Suspend (temporary stop) - when you press the power button for less than 4 seconds, the computer enters the Suspend stage to reduce power consumption
• No Function - the Power button becomes regular button power on/off.

PWR Up On Modem Act

Enabling this option allows you to turn on the computer when making a call to the modem.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Wake On LAN

When this parameter is enabled, the computer turns on based on a signal from the local network. This activation is only possible if a network card that supports this mode is installed in the computer.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

AC PWR Loss Restart (Turn on the computer after a power failure)

Enabling this setting allows you to turn on the computer after a power loss. Otherwise, when power is restored, the computer will not turn on and you will need to press the Power button again.

Can take values:

• Enabled - allowed
• Disabled - prohibited

Automatic Power Up

Using this setting, you can turn on the computer at a specified time every day, or turn on the computer at a specified day and time.

Can take values:

• Everyday - When you enter the time, the computer will turn on every day at the designated time. The time is entered in the Time (hh: mm: ss) Alarm field in the order hours: minutes: seconds either by using the PgUp, PgDn keys, or by directly entering numbers.
• By Date - the computer will turn on on the specified day and at the specified time. When you select this option, a field appears for entering the time (the same as for Everyday) and a field for entering the day of the month Date of Month Alarm - day of the month - in this field you enter the day in the month. This automatically means that you can program the computer to turn on only within one month.
• Disabled - prohibited

In the following sections, the BIOS only reports the characteristics of some computer devices. Enabling parameters in these sections allows the BIOS to monitor these parameters and report if they are out of bounds.

Fan Monitor Section

Chassis Fan Speed ​​(xxxxRPM) (Control the rotation speed of an additional fan in the computer case)

If Ignore is selected, the rotation speed of this fan will not be monitored. This parameter will be displayed only when using a special fan with an additional output connected to a special connector on the motherboard. Otherwise, when the rotation speed stops or critically decreases, the BIOS will display a message on the screen before loading the operating system.

CPU Fan Speed ​​(xxxxRPM)

If Ignore is selected, the rotation speed of this fan will not be monitored. This parameter will be displayed only when using a special fan with an additional output connected to a special connector on the motherboard. Otherwise, when the rotation speed stops or critically decreases, the BIOS will display a message on the screen before loading the operating system.

Power Fan Speed ​​(xxxxRPM)

If Ignore is selected, the rotation speed of this fan will not be monitored. Otherwise, when the rotation speed stops or critically decreases, the BIOS will display a message on the screen before loading the operating system. Using this option is possible if you have an appropriate power supply.

Thermal Monitor Section

CPU Temperature

Shows the processor temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit. If you select Ignore, the temperature will not be monitored. Otherwise, if the temperature rises critically, the BIOS will display a message on the screen before loading the operating system.

MB Temperature (Motherboard Temperature)

Shows the processor temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit. If you select Ignore, the temperature will not be monitored. Otherwise, if the temperature rises critically, the BIOS will display a message on the screen before loading the operating system.

Voltage Monitor section (monitoring supply voltages)

This section displays both the supply voltages supplied to the motherboard by the power supply and those generated on the motherboard. These parameters do not require explanation, except VCORE - this is the supply voltage of the processor core. This voltage is usually generated on the motherboard.