LAN based on balanced twisted pair. Distribution panels and subscriber sockets. Characteristics of various cables

Wireless technologies certainly begin to lead in organizing home and office networks, but they will never replace wired ones, and if this happens, it will not be in the near future. The majority of providers install their cables directly to the client, and only then does the WiFi work routers. There are several types of local network cables; they differ in channel capacity, method of connection to the computer, installation method, and others. Let's consider in order how the standards changed, what they were, and what is used today.

What kind of cable is there for a local network?

The choice of conductor is initially always determined by the LAN topology, and the most common are coaxial wires and twisted pair. Fiber optic technologies are now widespread, but this is still a developing standard, used mainly for laying highways over long distances. To connect end user not very widely used. So, LAN cable Ethernet comes in two types:

Coaxial - which is a single-core wire with a screen, separated from each other by insulating material or an air gap. Reminds me very much TV wire resistance 70 Ohm.
“Twisted pair” - consists of eight wires intertwined in pairs. Each core is marked with a separate color to simplify installation. The colors are fixed and described by specifications and all product manufacturers adhere to these rules.
Fiber optic or fiber optic - has a very complex design and is quite expensive to install. The signal in it is transmitted in the form of light pulses through special light guides.

In the 90s of the last century, to build local networks Only coaxial wire was used, and on its basis such well-known topologies as “bus” and “ring” were developed. A little later, the “star” topology based on twisted pair appeared, which is still the most popular and popular architecture for local and global networks. Now it's time to stop and describe each one used LAN cable separately.

Coaxial cable and connectors used

This type of wire is the oldest of the conductors. This cord has one supporting copper or aluminum core, which is covered with a thick layer of insulating material. Next comes the screen, made in the form of a tape encircling the central core of aluminum or copper. The top outer layer is a sheath that protects the cores from damage, made of polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride. There are several types of such cable used for LAN:

10Base 5 is a thick type of conductor, with a cross-section of 12 mm and a total resistance of 50 Ohms for the 8th category and 75 Ohms for the 11th. The data transfer speed does not exceed 10 Mbit/s over distances between end nodes up to 500 meters.
10Base 2 is thin, about 6 mm in diameter, most common for organizing home or small office networks. Its resistance is 50 ohms, but maximum length is 185 meters at a speed of 10 Mbit/s.

Thanks to good insulation, the signal in the conductor is practically not extinguished, i.e. packets are not lost, and additional algorithms for checking transmitted or received information are not needed. The only drawback is the rather high cost of production and low speed, so it was subsequently supplanted by “twisted pair”.

“Twisted pair” - types and methods of crimping

LAN cable“twisted pair” got its name due to the fact that it consists of eight strands intertwined in pairs. Each core is insulated in a strictly specified color. As an outer insulating material, protecting the signal from electromagnetic interference, polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene is used. There are several types of such cable:

UTP (Unshelded Twisted Pair) is an unshielded modification, most often used for laying home or office networks when there is no strong interference with the transmitted signal.
FTP (Foiled Twisted Pair) - a cable with an additional aluminum foil shield under the outer insulation.
STP (Shelded Twisted Pair) - in addition to the general screen, it has an additional one for each pair separately.

Twisted pair has 7 categories, and the higher the category number, the more protected the wire is from electromagnetic radiation. For Ethernet networks Category 5 cable (CAT5) is used, which has a bandwidth of 100 MHz. When installing new facilities, it is recommended to use a more advanced modification of CAT5e for higher frequency signals with a bandwidth of 125 MHz.

Twisted pair is used to create connections at speeds from 100 Mbit/s to 40 Gbit/s, depending on the category and quality of the cable itself and its length between end devices. Typically the segment length should not exceed 100 m.

The wire must have a connector for connecting to network devices. For twisted pair, an RJ-45 connector is used (8P8C - 8 position and 8 contacts). Inside the connector there are special grooves with contacts for each core. There are several options for crimping network cables: forward and reverse (crossover). Straight patch cord is used to connect a computer to a router or switch, or to connect an active network equipment among themselves. Cross is used quite rarely and serves to connect two computers to each other. Currently, almost all manufacturers install “smart” network cards, which do not care about the location of the wires in the connector, but it is advisable to adhere to the standards and arrange the wires as written in the specification. This will help avoid collisions in the operation of the entire network. To make a straight LAN cable The cores are arranged in the following order at both ends:

white-orange;
orange;
white-green;
blue;
white-blue;
green;
white-brown;
brown.

To make a patch cord for ease of work, special pliers are used - a crimper (or “crimp” in common parlance). The crimper allows you not only to clamp the wire evenly in the connector, but also to properly cut and strip the insulation. IN exceptional cases You can use a flathead screwdriver or a knife, but then the quality will not be satisfactory. There are connectors that are clamped without a crimper, but they are designed for multi-core soft wires and may not be suitable for standard twisted pair cables.

Fiber optic cable

Optical fiber is the most advanced technology for transmitting signals to long distances at great speed. The difference in signal transmission is that light, rather than electricity, is used as an impulse. Light is transmitted through glass fiber strands and reflected from the inner walls of the conductor. You can simultaneously transmit several signals: they will not intersect or cancel each other. The speed of information transfer over such a cable is limited only by the capabilities of the network cards or adapters themselves. The cable is not subject to interference and is made of non-flammable materials.

The cost of such a cable is relatively low compared to other conductors, but its installation can only be carried out by qualified personnel using high-precision and expensive equipment, so it is almost impossible to use it at home. But such a conductor has found wide application for laying highways, because the distances between signal amplifiers can reach hundreds of kilometers. Some providers already provide a service for connecting optical fiber to the home, but end devices are still connected via twisted pair, which is why it is the fundamental standard for organizing a network.

During the development of local networks, quite a lot of types of cables have appeared, and all of them are the result of increasingly complex standard requirements. Some of them have already become a thing of the past, and some are just beginning to be used, and thanks to them it has become possible to implement the much needed high speed data transfer.
In today's article I will talk about main types of cables And connectors, which have become widespread in the construction of wired local networks.

Coaxial cable

Coaxial cable- one of the first conductors used to create networks. Coaxial cable consists of a central conductor enclosed in thick insulation, a copper or aluminum braid and an outer insulating sheath: To work with coaxial cable, several different types of connectors:

Installed at the ends of the cable and used to connect to the T-connector and barrel connector. . It is a kind of tee that is used to connect a computer to the main line. Its design contains three connectors at once, one of which is connected to the connector on network card, and the other two are used to connect the two ends of the highway. . With its help, you can connect the broken ends of the highway or sharpen part of the cable to increase the radius of the network and connection additional computers and others network devices.. It is a kind of stub that blocks further distribution signal. Without it, the functioning of the network is based on coaxial cable impossible. A total of two terminators are required, one of which must be grounded.

Coaxial cable is quite susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Its use in local computer networks has long been abandoned.
Coaxial cable began to be mainly used to transmit signals from satellite dishes and other antennas. The coaxial cable received a second life as the backbone conductor of high-speed networks that combine the transmission of digital and analog signals, for example, cable television networks.

twisted pair

twisted pair is currently the most common cable for building local networks. The cable consists of pairs of intertwined copper insulated conductors. A typical cable has 8 conductors (4 pairs), although cables with 4 conductors (2 pairs) are also available. The colors of the internal insulation of conductors are strictly standard. The distance between devices connected by twisted pair cable should not exceed 100 meters.

Depending on the presence of protection - an electrically grounded copper braid or aluminum foil around the twisted pairs, there are types of twisted pair:

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP, unprotected twisted pair). Apart from conductors with their own plastic protection, no additional braids or grounding wires are used: Foiled twisted pair (F/UTP, foil twisted pair). All pairs of conductors of this cable have shared screen from foil: Shielded twisted pair (STP, protected twisted pair). In a cable of this type, each pair has its own braided shielding, and there is also a common mesh screen for all: Screened Foiled twisted pair (S/FTP, foil shielded twisted pair). Each pair of this cable is in its own foil braid, and all pairs are placed in a copper shield: Screened Foiled Unshielded twisted pair, unprotected shielded twisted pair). Characterized by a double shield of copper braid and foil braid:

There are several categories of twisted pair cables, which are marked from CAT1 to CAT7. The higher the category, the higher quality the cable and the better performance it has. Local computer networks of the Ethernet standard use twisted pair cable of the fifth category (CAT5) with a frequency band of 100 MHz. When laying new networks, it is advisable to use an improved cable CAT5e with a frequency band of 125 MHz, which better transmits high-frequency signals.

To work with a twisted pair cable, an 8P8C (8 Position 8 Contact) connector is used, called RJ-45:

Fiber optic cable

Fiber optic cable– the most modern data transmission medium. It contains several flexible glass light guides protected by heavy plastic insulation. The data transfer speed over optical fiber is extremely high, and the cable is absolutely free from interference. The distance between systems connected by optical fiber can reach 100 kilometers.

There are two main types of fiber optic cable - single-mode And multimode . The main differences between these types relate to different modes passage of light rays in the cable. For crimping a fiber optic cable, many connectors and connectors of different designs and reliability are used, among which the most popular are SC, ST, FC, LC, MU, F-3000, E-2000, FJ, etc.:
The use of optical fiber in local networks is limited by two factors. Although the optical cable itself is relatively inexpensive, the prices for adapters and other equipment for fiber optic networks are quite high. Installation and repair of fiber optic networks requires high qualifications, and cable termination requires expensive equipment. Therefore, fiber optic cable is mainly used to connect segments large networks, high-speed Internet access (for providers and large companies) and data transmission over long distances.

When designing and installing a LAN, as mentioned above, as standard systems For data transmission, you can use a rather limited range of cables: twisted pair cable (UTP cable) categories 3, 4 or 5 with various types screens or without them (STP - shielding with copper braid, FTP - shielding with foil, SFTP - shielding with copper braid and foil), thin coaxial cable (RG-58) with different designs of the central core (RG-58/U - solid copper core, RG -58A/U - multi-core, RG-58C/U - special /military/ cable version RG-58A/U), thick coaxial cable (thick coaxial cable) and fiber optic cable (fiber optic cable single mode-single-mode multimode-multimode ). Moreover, each type of cable subsystem imposes certain restrictions on the network design:

MAXIMUM SEGMENT LENGTH

NUMBER OF NODES PER SEGMENT

POSSIBILITY OF OPERATING AT SPEEDS ABOVE 10 Mbit/sec

FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICATION OF CABLES

Fire safety rules divide cables into two categories: general use and plenum (approved for installation in ventilation shafts). This division is carried out based on the materials used in the manufacture of cables. The most common plastics used in the manufacture of cables are based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC). When burned, they release toxic gases. Therefore, PVC cables are prohibited for installation in ventilation shafts. Plenum spaces typically use Teflon-insulated cables.

BASIC OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWISTED PAIR CABLES.

All cables must have twisted pairs of wires; the use of cables with wires not twisted in pairs is not allowed. This applies even to short sections of flat cable. When using shielded twisted pair cables, it is recommended to ground the latter segments at one (and only one!) end. In practice, it is more convenient to do this at the end connected to the hub.

minimum bending radius - 5 cm
temperature during operation and storage:
-35...+60С - for cable with PVC sheath
-55...+200С - for cable in Teflon sheath
installation temperature:
-20...+60С - for cable with PVC sheath
-35...+200С - for cable in Teflon sheath
relative humidity:
- 0...+100% - for a cable in a polyvinyl chloride sheath, accidental condensation is allowed
- does not react to humidity, condensation and water splashes - for Teflon-sheathed cable
Possibility of outdoor use:
- prohibited - for cables with a polyvinyl chloride sheath
- allowed - for Teflon-sheathed cable
It is prohibited to use a thin coaxial cable for laying in the open air between two buildings that are not connected to each other (between buildings that do not have a common ground loop).

When installing new network It is advisable to use twisted pair cable in a work group. Fiber optic cables - on long highways and for communication between buildings. Thin coaxial cables are most justifiably used for organizing low-speed highways inside installation cabinets (see the material “Current practice in designing local networks”). Twisted pair cables and fiber optic cables allow you to upgrade your network, moving it from 10 to 100 Mbit technologies.

The most “mobile” part of any LAN are the workgroup subsystems. Adding new users, moving jobs and canceling them, and cable damage within a workgroup occur much more often than changes in trunk channels. That is why UTP cables are most convenient for organizing workgroup subsystems.

On long highways, optical fiber is certainly the most preferable, because it provides the longest permissible segment length, high security and noise immunity.

In order to avoid problems with the cable subsystem, when designing it, you can use the following rules (recommendations are given for the use of UTP cables):

if it's a building network office type(for example, a bank or an office building itself), mortgage one UTP cable for every 3-4 sq.m. premises. Workplaces in buildings of this type are subject to the most frequent moves and are very densely equipped with computers and office equipment;
if this is a network of an ordinary company or enterprise , double need for funds computer technology, which was stated to you by the Customer;
After installing the cable subsystem, be sure to install it certification for compliance with the requirements of category 5 (each link and patch cord). Even if you used quality components, installation and environmental factors may cause deterioration in performance. Print and save test results.

Compliance with these rules will allow you to avoid problems with expanding the cable network when transitioning to new technologies, both within the LAN itself and in telephone communications.

For subsystems based on thin coaxial cables, such recommendations cannot be made, because in such subsystems it is necessary to try to solve another problem - to minimize the number of jobs. Generally speaking, thin coaxial cable is not recommended for workgroup networks. Although the problem when using it is not the cable itself. The fact is that the wiring of a thin coaxial cable is open and users have access to it. Often the user incorrectly disconnects the cable, destroying the integrity of the cable segment. In this case, the entire network fails, and the operation of the network may be disrupted. software. The same consequences result from removing the terminator from the end of the cable segment, using cable sections with a different wave impedance. For these reasons, it is advisable to use thin coaxial cable only in tamper-proof locations, such as in a wiring closet. In addition, the bus topology of networks on a thin coaxial cable makes diagnostics difficult because the cable is common to multiple nodes. The malfunction can be caused by any node, any section of cable or any terminator. Finding a fault in such networks is usually quite difficult.

Belarusian State University

Informatics and Radioelectronics

Department of Information and Computer Systems Design

Lab report #1

"LAN Hardware and Equipment"

Done: Checked:

Purpose of the work: become familiar with basic LAN hardware and equipment.

Work progress:

1. What types of cables are used to create a LAN?

Coaxial (thick/thin Ethernet), twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable (singlemode/multimode).

2. What is coaxial cable?

Coaxial cable – electrical cable, consisting of a coaxially located central conductor and screen.

3. What types of coaxial cables do you know?

Thick and thin Ethernet.

4. What is Thin Ethernet and what is it used for?

Thin Ethernet is much more widespread than its “thick” counterpart. Its principle of use is the same, but due to the flexibility of the cable it can be connected directly to the network card. To connect the cable, BNC (bayonet nut connector) connectors are used, installed on the cable itself, and T-connectors, which are used to route the signal from the cable to the network card. BNC connectors are either crimped or dismountable.

5. What is Thick Ethernet and what is it used for?

Thick Ethernet is laid around the perimeter of a room or building, and 50-ohm terminators are installed at its ends.

Due to its thickness and rigidity, the cable cannot connect directly to the network card. Therefore, adapters are installed on the cable - “vampires” - special devices that pierce the cable sheath and connect to its braid and central core. “Vampire” sits so firmly on the cable that after installation it cannot be removed without a special tool. A transceiver is connected to the “vampire” - a device that matches the network card and cable. Finally, a flexible cable with 15-pin connectors on both ends is connected to the transceiver - the other end is connected to the AUI (attachment unit interface) connector on the network card.

All these difficulties were justified by only one thing - the permissible maximum length of a “thick” coaxial cable is 500 meters. Accordingly, one such cable can serve a much larger area than a “thin” cable, the maximum allowable length of which is 185 meters. With some imagination, you can imagine that a “thick” coaxial cable is an Ethernet hub distributed in space, but completely passive and does not require power.

It has no other advantages. The disadvantages include: the high cost of the cable itself, the need to use special devices for installation, inconvenient installation, etc. This gradually led to the fact that “thick Ethernet” slowly but surely disappeared from the scene, and is currently used in few places.

6. What is the difference between UTP and STP cables?

7. What is a “T-connector”?

T-connector – a connector used to route the cable signal to the network card.

8. What is a patch panel?

The patch panel is a group of RJ-45 outlets mounted on a 19-inch wide plate. This standard size for universal communication cabinets - racks.

9. What types of twisted pair connectors do you know?

S110 – the general name of connectors for connecting a cable to a universal cross-connect “110” or switching between inputs on a cross-connect;

RJ-11 and RJ-12 are six-pin connectors. RJ-11 is used in general-purpose telephony. RJ-12 is used in telephone sets, designed to work with office mini-PBXs.

10. What is the color sequence for the “computer-hub” connection type?

Direct crimp (computer-hub connection):

6-green; white-green-3

5-white-blue; blue-4

4-blue; white-blue-5

3-white-green; green-6

11. What is the color sequence for the computer-to-computer connection type?

Oblique crimp (computer-to-computer or hub-to-hub connection):

8-brown; white-orange-1 7-white-brown; orange-2

6-green; white-green-3

5-white-blue; blue-4

4-blue; white-blue-5

3-white-green; green-6

2-orange; white-brown-7

1-white-orange; brown-8

12. What is the difference between “computer-to-hub” and “computer-to-computer” connections?

"computer-hub" direct crimping is used

"computer to computer" oblique crimping is used

13. How will incorrect arrangement of the color sequence of contacts affect the operation of devices?

If the wiring is incorrect, in addition to the lack of correspondence to the contact numbers at the ends of the cable, which is easily detected using a simple tester, a more unpleasant thing is possible - the appearance of “spirited pairs”. To identify such a defect, a conventional tester is not enough, since electrical contact between the corresponding contacts at the ends of the cable is ensured and everything seems to be normal. But such a cable will not be able to provide normal connection quality even in a 10-megabit network

at a distance of more than 40 - 50 meters.

14. What is the name of the device for stripping and crimping connectors?

A special tool is used, the cutting blade of which protrudes exactly to the thickness of the outer insulation. It's called "Crimper".

15. Fiber optic cables are...?

Fiber optic cables– the most promising and fastest-performing signal propagation medium for local networks and telephony. In local networks, fiber optic cables are used to operate over the ATM and FDDI protocols.

16. How do fiber optic cables work?

Optical fiber, as its name implies, transmits signals using pulses of light radiation. Semiconductor lasers and LEDs are used as light sources. Optical fiber is divided into single-mode and multimode.

17. What types of fiber optic cables do you know?

Optical fiber is divided into singlemode and multimode.

18. Advantages, disadvantages and scope of single-mode optical fiber.

Singlemode fiber very thin, its diameter is about 10 microns. Thanks to this, the light pulse passing through the fiber is less often reflected from its inner surface, which ensures less attenuation. Accordingly, single-mode fiber provides longer range without the use of repeaters. Theoretical throughput single-mode fiber is 10 Gbit/s. Its main disadvantages are high cost and high complexity of installation. Single-mode fiber is mainly used in telephony.

19. Advantages, disadvantages and scope of multimode optical fiber.

Multimode fiber has a larger diameter - 50 or 62.5 microns. This type of optical fiber is most often used in computer networks. The higher attenuation in multimode fiber is due to the higher dispersion of light in it, due to which its throughput is significantly lower - theoretically it is 2.5 Gbps. Special connectors are used to connect the optical cable to active equipment. The most common connectors are SC and ST types.

20. What type of cable is best to use for “ home network", where the number of computers does not exceed 30 pieces?

Category 5 twisted pair cable. Because We have a home network, then in terms of price/quality ratio the priority will be to use twisted pair, since fiber optics will be more expensive and not as the best option, and Ethernet will not be as fast and convenient to use.

21. What is the main advantage of a structured cabling system?

A structured cabling system built on Category 5 twisted pair cable is very flexible in use. Its idea is as follows: for every workplace At least two (three recommended) four-pair RJ-45 sockets are installed. Each of them is connected with a separate category 5 cable to a cross-connect or patch panel installed in a special room - the server room. Cables from all workplaces are brought into this room, as well as city telephone inputs, dedicated lines for connecting to global networks, etc. Naturally, servers are installed in the premises, as well as office PBX, alarm systems and other communication equipment.

Due to the fact that the cables from all workstations are routed to a common

No, any socket can be used both to connect a workplace to a LAN, and for telephony, or anything else at all.

22. Why is color coding of wires used in UTP cables?

For convenience. So that when connecting into patch cords from different sides of the cable, it is easier to correctly connect the twisted pair wires.

Conclusion: during laboratory work Theoretical material was studied, and answers to control questions were given.

To create a unified network system, regardless of its size, can be used various ways. The simplest is the use of modern Wi-Fi technologies, infrared port or Bluetooth. The convenience of using these methods is explained by the presence wireless communication, not requiring direct connection between computers using a cable. But these technologies have a limited area of action, as well as weak security, as they are susceptible to hacking, in some cases weak signal data transfer. This is why most people, when creating a unified computer network, prefer a traditional cable connection - it is almost impossible to “intercept” data transmission in this case. To create such a system, a specialized network cable is used.

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Network cable

What is the network cable for?

A network wire is a specialized cable needed to connect computers in single network with the ability to transfer data and access to a common server or each other. Almost everyone has an idea of what a modern network cable looks like, because it is what is used to create an Internet connection in offices and homes.

Species

Depending on the required data transfer speed, length and characteristics of the network, various cable systems that meet the specified consumer needs. Thus, to create a unified computer network and Internet connection, several system options are used:

coaxial cable;
twisted pair;
fiber optic

Moreover, any wire has its own variety, which directly depends on the tasks assigned and the scale of the project.

Coaxial cable

Until the 90s of the last century, coaxial cable was actively used as a network connector. It can be considered one of the earliest network products, since in developed countries it was in demand for quite a long period of time.

Coaxial cable construction consists of a metal-based conductor in a plastic braid, on top of which is an additional layer of copper or aluminum. A specialized shell acts as a protective coating against mechanical damage. The cable diameter is quite large, about 7-10 mm, so the design flexibility is significantly reduced.

To connect the coaxial cable, special BNC connectors are used. The connection in this case is quite simple, and usually there are no difficulties in ensuring it, the main thing is to securely fix the conductive wires. In this case, the computer device must be grounded.

Interesting. The first Internet connections operated via coaxial cable, but the maximum information transfer could be carried out over no more than 500 meters, at a speed of up to 10 Mbit/sec.

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Coaxial network cable

On to the cons of this type connections can be attributed to high sensitivity to external electromagnetic factors. Today, as a gasket computer networks the method has become obsolete, but this system is very relevant when transferring television channels communications.

twisted pair

A twisted pair is a single-core or stranded conductor (consists of large quantity hairs), where the veins are intertwined in pairs with each other in a certain sequence. Due to such a complex structure, the quality of communication is significantly improved, while achieving greater resistance to influence external factors. Moreover, each conductor can have its own insulation or a common one. In some cases it may be absent altogether. Cables with a screen belong to the FTP and STP groups; their resistance to electromagnetic fields is much higher than that of unshielded UTP-type products.

The average diameter is about 5 mm. A twisted pair with a single-core conductor is used only for installation in special boxes; it is less resistant to bending than a multi-core conductor. The nylon thread included in the design increases reliability and protects against mechanical stress, allows you to lay routes over short distances without the use of hangers, and also easily divides the twisted pair into cores.

In addition, the cable is available in various color range, depending on the method and location of the route. Light shades of wire are intended for installation only indoors, black shades are intended for use on the streets - they are adapted to weather conditions. Wires orange color can be separated into a separate group, since they are produced for both external and interior work and have additional fire resistance and can operate at temperatures up to 70 degrees. If polyethylene additives are used as an insulating coating, then operation is permitted under temperature conditions from plus 60 to minus 40 degrees. In the case of polyvinyl chloride additives, indoor use is permitted only.

Today there are about 10 types of twisted pair cables, which are divided into separate categories: Cat1, Cat2, Cat3, Cat4, Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat7a. Depending on the type of connection, the speed can range from 10 to 1000 Mbit/s.

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Twisted pair network cable

The use of twisted pair cable not only significantly increased the speed and distance of data transmission, but also allowed one device to operate simultaneously, both for receiving and transmitting information.

Fiber optic cables

Fiber optic wires make it possible to transmit information over long distances up to 100 km, which is explained by their resistance to electromagnetic fields, without reducing the quality of transmission. Fiber optics are capable of sending data at high speeds and in large volumes; they are rarely used at home. Most often, this type of system is used in large organizations due to the significant cost of production. Well-known provider companies use optical fiber to create Internet connections, where data transfer is carried out at a speed of about 30-40 Gbit/sec. Thanks to this speed, it is possible through the Internet to communicate not only with other countries of the world, but also with other continents.

The design of the fiber optic cable includes special glass additives and a reliable insulating coating. Connecting wires is possible with several types of contacts such as FC, SC, etc.

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Fiber optic network cable

In addition to the above network wires, a number of others are also used that have less attractive properties, for example, a USB cable. They are quite easy to install, have an affordable price range, but are suitable for creating communication networks no more than 20 meters. The connection speed is also the same high performance. Today this technology is used extremely rarely.

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USB network cable

To create small communication home and office networks, twisted pair cables are most often used. The cable type is selected based on the scale future network and the location of the route. Market information technology in any case, it offers a lot of options for appropriate equipment. But it is better to entrust all installation work to a specialist in this field. This will guarantee high speed and good connectivity.