PC hot keys. Complete list of Windows hotkeys

Basic Windows hotkeys 1

So, in fact, it is. When advanced user moves from one program to another, it is rarely difficult for him to master new interface, new opportunities. As a rule, everything that worked on old or other versions also works successfully with new software systems.

What is the reason? Very simple. The main attention is paid to the “friendliness” and understandability of the interface. Once in demand, proven technologies for using programs rarely undergo changes.

One of these tricks - “hot keys” in text editors such as MS Word, MS WordPad, OpenOffice.org and many others - requires a separate discussion due to their regular use.

There are several common keyboard shortcuts for managing files from application programs. These are Ctrl+N, Ctrl+O, Ctrl+S, Ctrl+Q. Let's look at the purpose of each combination separately.

To create a new document, be it text, sound file or a video, in the corresponding program press Ctrl+N or select the desired menu item. To open an existing file, use the combination Ctrl+O.

Despite the ability to autosave, computer malfunctions can become a headache if the data you are editing is irretrievably lost. Therefore, it is good practice to periodically press Ctrl+S. This command saves the changes made. Sometimes there is a need to save data to another file, then the F12 key comes to the rescue.

You can print a document using the Ctrl+P command. Try using this combination and you will see that it is much easier than searching for the desired command with your mouse in the menu.

And, of course, to finish working with the program - a pleasant end to the working day - there are many options for hot keys. You can, for example, press Alt+F4 or Ctrl+W, which are standard commands for closing an application, or you can use a specially provided menu command or its hotkey- Ctrl+Q (in OpenOffice.org).

The name itself - text editor- involves typing and editing texts. Therefore, on teams general purpose It’s worth going into more detail on document editing.

Firstly, this standard operations“Cut”, “Paste”, “Copy”. Although they are described in all guides and articles (even on our website), I consider it necessary to repeat here.

So, to cut the selected object to the clipboard, press Ctrl+X or Shift+Del; to copy the selected object to the clipboard - Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Ins; to paste an object from the buffer - Ctrl+V or Shift+Ins.

Now let's talk about such an interesting feature of MS Word as working with vertical blocks of text. To understand what this is, consider an example where vertical and horizontal blocks are compared:

As a rule, most users do not even know what vertical blocks are and that all the same editing operations are valid for them as for ordinary horizontal ones.

To switch to highlight mode vertical block you need to press Ctrl+Shift+F8. Only then select the block with the mouse or the cursor keys. You can do it another way: select a block of text and simultaneously hold down Alt key. Experiment with vertical blocks. I am sure that they will come in handy someday and will help you save a lot of time and effort.

Often the results of editing do not bring satisfaction from the work done, and you want to go back a step, or even several steps back. To do this, press Ctrl+Z. If you need to repeat the changes made, then there is a very convenient command - Ctrl+Y.

And finally: when working with documents, you sometimes have to change the scale of the text. There is a special menu item for this, but it is much more convenient to turn the mouse wheel and simultaneously hold down the Ctrl key. Try it, I think you will like this simple technique.

Let's summarize:

operations with files: Ctrl+N, Ctrl+O, Ctrl+S, F12, Ctrl+P;

working with the clipboard: Ctrl+X, Ctrl +C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+Z, Ctrl+Y, Shift+Ins, Shift+Del, Ctrl+Ins, Ctrl + selection - for a vertical block of text;

change the scale, display text: Ctrl + rotate the mouse wheel.

The document should look beautiful, so that it is pleasant to look at, so that all tables are neat, the most important thoughts are highlighted, so that there is nothing superfluous on the page and at the same time there is nothing unreasonable empty seats. The ideal is not achievable, but there are a number of techniques that make it easier to change a document in order to, through trial and error, get at least a little closer to the cherished perfection.

Font effects play an important role in the perception of text. Let's look at some of them in more detail.

To underline a word, you need to select it and then simultaneously press the Ctrl+U key combination. In this case, both all characters of the selected text and the spaces between them will be underlined. To underline only words you need to use Ctrl+Shift+U. To select a block of text in italics, you can use the combination Ctrl+I. If, to improve clarity, it was decided to highlight some phrases in bold, then there is a convenient alternative to the mouse for this - Ctrl+B.

It is often necessary for a phrase to be typed in capital letters. The easiest way to do this is to immediately type in uppercase. However, it is not always possible to do everything correctly, so a special command was developed to convert a selected piece of text into upper or lower case - Shift+F3.

All the key combinations described above work as switches. This means that to return to the previous text input mode, you must press the same key combination again that changed standard mode. For example, the Ctrl+U command will set the font attribute responsible for the underscore. To remove this attribute and return to the normal style, you must press Ctrl+U again.

Notes and footnotes are an integral part of any creative work. Of course, you can use the menu item of the same name to insert a footnote, but it is much easier to do this by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F.

To insert a page break, it is convenient to use Ctrl+Enter.

Some things can only be done if you use a mouse and keyboard at the same time. The most common example is smooth resizing of table cells. This is achieved by resizing the cell using the mouse and simultaneously pressing the Alt key.

It's no secret that text looks much better on a computer screen or in printed form when it is aligned in width. This alignment is achieved by increasing the length of the space between words. However, such behavior is not always justified. For example, you need to type a sentence that contains a surname and initials. If you put a simple space between them, then when aligning the initials may be located far away

from the surname, which is incorrect. To eliminate this effect, there is a special character - a fixed space. The easiest way to insert it is by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Spacebar at the same time.

So, let's summarize.

to change the font effect, use the commands: Ctrl+I, Ctrt+B, Ctrl+U, Ctrl+Shift+W;

to convert letters to uppercase: Shift+F3;

for installation fixed space: Ctrl+Shift+Space;

to break pages: Ctrl+Enter.

It is impossible to know all the keyboard shortcuts for quick access in the menu to simplify work with basic text editing operations. But the main thing is different. The main thing is to learn to use the set of commands that are used most often than others. Each person will have a unique set. Of course, there will be similarities, but in general, everyone will plan their work with documents differently. Through trial and error, you can find how to quickly perform similar operations in order to save time and effort.

Basic Windows 2 hotkeys

Working in Windows can be made more efficient and faster if you use not only the mouse, but also use “hot keys” - special key combinations designed to simplify and speed up work. For example, few people know that the very often used Explorer (whether without it) is launched by simultaneously pressing Win + E. Agree, this is much more convenient!

Note

The Win key is located between the Ctrl and Alt keys on the left side (it has the Windows logo on it).

The Menu key is to the left of the right Ctrl.

The combination “key” + “key” means that you first press the first key, and then, while holding it, press the second.

General purpose hotkeys

Working with text

Move to the beginning or end of a line of text

Move to the beginning or end of the document

Working with files

Working in Explorer

Working with Windows

Working with Dialog Boxes

Working in Internet Explorer

Accessibility

Press the Shift key five times: Turn Sticky Keys on or off

Hold down the Right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Turn input filtering on or off

Hold down the key Num Lock five seconds: enable or disable switching sounds

Alt Left + Shift Left + Num Lock: Enable or disable keyboard pointer control

Alt Left + Shift Left + PRINT SCREEN: Toggle High Contrast on or off

The main device for manual input of information, commands and data. This article describes its structure and layout, hot keys, symbols and signs.

Computer keyboard: operating principle

Basic keyboard functions do not require special software. The drivers necessary for its operation are already available in the BIOS ROM. Therefore, the computer responds to commands from the main keyboard keys immediately after turning on.

The operating principle of the keyboard is as follows:

1. After pressing a key, the keyboard chip generates a scan code.
2. The scan code enters a port integrated into the motherboard.
3. The keyboard port reports a fixed-number interrupt to the processor.
4. Having received a fixed interrupt number, the processor contacts a special interrupt. region RAM, containing an interrupt vector - a list of data. Each entry in the data list contains the address of the program servicing the interrupt, which matches the entry number.
5. Having determined the program entry, the processor proceeds to execute it.
6. The interrupt handler program then directs the processor to the keyboard port, where it finds the scan code. Next, under the control of the processor, the processor determines which character corresponds to this scan code.
7. The handler sends code to the keyboard buffer, notifying the processor, and then stops working.
8. The processor moves on to the pending task.
9. The entered character is stored in the keyboard buffer until it is retrieved by the program for which it is intended, for example, text Microsoft editor Word.

Photo of a computer keyboard and the purpose of the keys

A standard keyboard has more than 100 keys, divided into functional groups. Below is photo of the keyboard computer with a description of key groups.

Alphanumeric keys

Alphanumeric keys are used to enter information and commands typed by letter. Each of the keys can work in different registers and also represent several characters.

Switching case (entering lowercase and uppercase characters) is carried out by holding the Shift key. For hard (permanent) register switching, use Caps Lock.

If the computer keyboard is used to enter text data, the paragraph is closed by pressing the Enter key. Next, data entry begins on a new line. When the keyboard is used to enter commands, Enter ends the input and begins execution.

Function keys

The function keys are located at the top of the keyboard and consist of 12 buttons F1 – F12. Their functions and properties depend on the running program, and in some cases the operating system.

A common function in many programs is the F1 key, which calls up help, where you can find out the functions of other buttons.

Special keys

Special keys are located next to the alphanumeric group of buttons. Due to the fact that users often resort to using them, they have an increased size. These include:

1. Shift and Enter discussed earlier.
2. Alt and Ctrl – used in combination with other keyboard keys to form special commands.
3. Tab is used for tabulation when typing text.
4. Win – opens the Start menu.
5. Esc – refusal to use the started operation.
6. BACKSPACE – deleting the characters just entered.
7. Print Screen – prints the current screen or saves a snapshot of it to the clipboard.
8. Scroll Lock – switches the operating mode in some programs.
9. Pause/Break – pause/interrupt the current process.

Cursor keys

The cursor keys are located to the right of the alphanumeric pad. Cursor is a screen element indicating the location for entering information. The directional keys move the cursor in the direction of the arrows.

Additional keys:

1. Page Up/Page Down – move the cursor to page up/down.
2. Home and End – move the cursor to the beginning or end of the current line.
3. Insert – traditionally switches the data input mode between insertion and replacement. IN different programs, the action of the Insert button may be different.

Additional numeric keypad

The additional numeric keyboard duplicates the actions of the numeric and some other keys of the main input panel. To use it, you must first enable the Num Lock button. Also, the keys additional keyboard can be used to control the cursor.

Keyboard shortcut

When you press a certain key combination, a particular command is executed for the computer.

Commonly used keyboard shortcuts:

• Ctrl + Shift + Esc – open the Task Manager.
• Ctrl + F – search window in the active program.
• Ctrl + A – selects all content in the open window.
• Ctrl + C – copy the selected fragment.
• Ctrl + V – paste from the clipboard.
• Ctrl + P — prints the current document.
• Ctrl + Z – cancels the current action.
• Ctrl + X – cut the selected section of text.
• Ctrl + Shift + → selecting text by words (starting from the cursor position).
• Ctrl + Esc - opens/closes the Start menu.
• Alt + Printscreen – screenshot of the active program window.
• Alt + F4 – closes the active application.
• Shift + Delete – permanently delete an object (past the trash can).
• Shift + F10 – call the context menu of the active object.
• Win + Pause – system properties.
• Win + E – launches Explorer.
• Win + D – minimizes all open windows.
• Win + F1 – opens Windows Help.
• Win + F – opens the search window.
• Win + L – lock the computer.
• Win + R – open “Run a program”.

Keyboard symbols

Surely, many users have noticed symbols for nicknames and other social networks. How to make symbols on the keyboard if there are no explicit keys for this?

You can place characters on the keyboard using Alt codes - additional commands for input hidden characters. These commands are entered by simply pressing Alt + number in decimal system Reckoning.

You can often come across questions: how to make a heart on the keyboard, an infinity sign or a euro on the keyboard?

• alt + 3 =
• Alt+8734 = ∞
• Alt + 0128 = €

These and other keyboard symbols are presented in the following tables in the form of pictures. The “Alt code” column contains a numeric value, after entering which, in combination with the Alt key, a certain character will be displayed. The symbol column contains the final result.

Please note that if the additional numeric keypad is not enabled - Num Lock is not pressed, then the Alt + number key combination may lead to unexpected results.

For example, if you press Alt + 4 in the browser without Num Lock enabled, the previous page will open.

Punctuation marks on the keyboard

Sometimes users, when trying to put a punctuation mark on the keyboard, do not get exactly what they expected. This is due to the fact that different keyboard layouts imply different use of key combinations.

Below we discuss how to put punctuation marks on the keyboard.

Punctuation marks with Cyrillic alphabet

• " (quotes) - Shift + 2
• № (number) - Shift + 3
• ; (semicolon) - Shift + 4
• % (percentage) - Shift + 5
• : (colon) - Shift + 6
• ? (question mark) - Shift + 7
• ((open bracket) - Shift + 9
• – (dash) – button labeled “-”
• , (comma) - Shift + “period”
• + (plus) – Shift + button with plus sign “+”
• . (dot) – button to the right of the letter “U”

Latin punctuation marks

• ~ (tilde) - Shift + Yo
• ! (exclamation mark) - Shift + 1
• @ (dog – used in address email) - Shift + 2
• # (hash) - Shift + 3
• $ (dollar) – Shift + 4
• % (percentage) - Shift + 5
• ^ — Shift + 6
• & (ampersand) - Shift + 7
• * (multiply or asterisk) - Shift + 8
• ((open bracket) - Shift + 9
• ) (close bracket) - Shift + 0
• – (dash) – key on the keyboard labeled “-”
• + (plus) - Shift and +
• = (equal) – equal sign button
• , (comma) – key with the Russian letter “B”
• . (dot) - key with the Russian letter “Yu”
• < (левая angle bracket) - Shift + B
• > (right angle bracket) - Shift + Yu
• ? (question mark) – Shift + button with a question mark (to the right of “Y”)
• ; (semicolon) – letter “F”
• : (colon) – Shift + “F”
• [ (left square bracket) – Russian letter “X”
• ] (right square bracket) – “Ъ”
• ( (left curly brace) – Shift + Russian letter “X”
• ) (right curly brace) – Shift + “Ъ”

Computer keyboard layout

Computer keyboard layout— a scheme for assigning symbols of national alphabets to specific keys. Switching the keyboard layout is done programmatically - one of the functions of the operating system.

In Windows, you can change the keyboard layout by pressing Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift. Typical keyboard layouts are English and Russian.

If necessary, you can change or add a keyboard language in Windows 7 by going to Start – Control Panel – Clock, language and region (sub-item “change keyboard layout or other input methods”).

In the window that opens, select the “Languages ​​and keyboards” tab - “Change keyboard”. Then, in a new window, on the “General” tab, click “Add” and select the required input language. Don't forget to save your changes by clicking OK.

Virtual computer keyboard

Virtual keyboard – separate program, or an add-on included in the software. With its help, you can enter letters and symbols from the computer screen using the mouse cursor. Those. During the typing process, the computer keyboard is not involved.

A virtual keyboard is needed, for example, to protect confidential data (login and password). When entering data using a regular keyboard, there is a risk of information being intercepted by malicious spyware. Then, via the Internet, the information is transmitted to the attacker.

Find and download virtual keyboard You can use search engines - it won’t take much of your time. If Kaspersky anti-virus is installed on your PC, you can launch the virtual keyboard through the main program window; it is included in it.

On-screen keyboard

On-screen keyboard– keyboard on touch screen, smartphone, which is pressed by the user’s fingers. Sometimes the on-screen keyboard is called a virtual keyboard.

Also, the on-screen keyboard on a computer is included in the list of special Windows features. If you have stopped typing, suddenly turned off, etc., the on-screen keyboard for Windows will come to the rescue.

To launch the on-screen keyboard in Windows 7, go to Start - All Programs - Accessories - then Accessibility - On-Screen Keyboard. It looks like this.

To switch the keyboard layout, use the corresponding buttons on the taskbar (near the date and time, at the bottom left of the monitor screen).

What to do if the keyboard does not work

If your keyboard suddenly stops working, don’t rush to get upset, first find out what caused the breakdown. All the reasons why the keyboard does not work can be divided into hardware and software.

In the first case, if the keyboard hardware is broken, fixing the problem without special skills is very problematic. Sometimes it’s easier to replace it with a new one.

Before you say goodbye to a seemingly faulty keyboard, check the cable that connects it to system unit, He may have moved away a little. If the cable is fine, make sure that the damage is not caused by software glitch computer. To do this, restart your PC.

If after a reboot the keyboard shows no signs of life, try to wake it up using the solution available in Windows. The sequence of actions is given using Windows 7 as an example, if you have a different version of the operating system Windows systems- proceed by analogy. The principle is approximately the same, the names of the menu sections may differ slightly.

Go to Start - Control Panel - Hardware and Sound - Device Manager. In the window that opens, if you have problems with the keyboard, it will be marked with a yellow label with exclamation point. Select it with the mouse and select Action – Delete from the menu. After uninstallation, close Device Manager.

Return to the Hardware and Sound tab and select Add a Device. After searching for equipment, your keyboard will be found and its drivers will be installed.

If the hardware installation was successful and the keyboard failure was due to a software glitch, the Num Lock key indicator on the keyboard will light up.

If the problem cannot be resolved, then a temporary solution may be.

These days, a computer keyboard, like a mouse, is considered a low-value device. However, it plays an important role in working with a computer.

Google Chrome

• Ctrl+L or ALT+D or F6 - go to address bar and highlight its contents;
• Ctrl+K or Ctrl+E - go to the address bar and enter a query to the default search engine;
• Ctrl+Enter - will turn tratata in the address bar into www.tratata. com:)
• Ctrl+T - new tab;
• Ctrl+N - new window;
• Ctrl+Shift+T - return the last closed tab;
• Ctrl+Shift+N - secret level of "Chrome" :) New window in "Incognito" mode;
• Shift+Esc - another secret level :) Built-in task manager;
• Ctrl+Tab or Ctrl+PageDown - as elsewhere, scroll through the tabs from left to right;
• Ctrl+Shift+Tab or Ctrl+PageUp - scroll through the tabs from right to left;
• Ctrl+1, ..., Ctrl+8 - switches between the first eight tabs;
• Ctrl+9 - switches to last tab;
• Backspace or Alt+left arrow - go to the previous page in the history of the current tab;
• Shift+Backspace or Alt+right arrow - go to the next page in the history of the current tab;
• Shift+Alt+T - switch to the button toolbar; after that, you can navigate through it using the left and right arrows, and select a button by pressing Enter;
• Ctrl+J - open the all downloads tab;
• Ctrl+Shift+J - open developer tools (View element code menu);
• Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 - close the active tab or pop-up window;
• Ctrl+R or F5 - as elsewhere, update ( open tab);
• Ctrl+H - open the History tab;
• Ctrl+Shift+Delete - clear history window;
• Ctrl+F or Ctrl+G - search for text on an open page;
• Ctrl+U - view the HTML source of the page; By the way, an address bar like view-source:FULL_URL will show the source from this URL;
• Ctrl+O - as elsewhere, the file opening window... and the "File" menu do not need to be searched;
• Ctrl+S - similar - saving the current page;
• Ctrl+P - print the current page;
• Ctrl+D - add to bookmarks, like most browsers;
• Ctrl+Shift+B - open Bookmark Manager;
• Alt+Home - return to the home page;
• Ctrl++ (plus), Ctrl+- (minus) - zoom in and out; “plus” and “minus” can be regular or gray;
• Ctrl+0 - return to 100% display scale;
• F11 - in full screen and back.
• Opening links in Chrome is also convenient, once you get used to it, and you don’t need the right mouse button:
• Ctrl + click on the link (option - click on the link with the middle mouse button or scroll wheel) - open the link in a new tab without switching to it;
• Ctrl + Shift + clicking on the link (option - Shift + clicking on the link with the middle mouse button or scroll wheel) - open the link in a new tab and switch to it;
• Shift + click on a link - open the link in a new window.

• Raise or lower the page. Spacebar – lower the page, Shift+Space – raise the page.
• Find. Ctrl+F or Alt-N for next page.
• Bookmark this page. Ctrl+D.
• Quick search./.
• New tab. Ctrl+T.
• Go to the search bar. Ctrl+K.
• Go to address bar. Ctrl+L.
• Increase text size. Ctrl+=. Reduce text sizeCtrl+-
• Close tab. Ctrl-W.
• Refresh page. F5.
• Go to home page. Alt-Home.
• Restore closed page. Ctrl+Shift+T.
• Bookmarks by keywords. This is the most productive. If you visit a site frequently, you bookmark it (of course!), then go to bookmark properties (right-click on them). Add a short keyword into the keyword input line, save, and after that you can simply enter this keyword in the address bar (Ctrl+L) and immediately go to the site.

• Write a new letter. C.
• Reply to the letter. R.
• Reply to all.A.
• Forward the letter. F.
• Save the current letter and open the next letter.Y+O.
• Delete the letter and open the next one. #+O (or Shift-3+O).
• Send a written letter. Tab-Enter.
• Search. /.
• Navigation. Move down J and up K through the contact list.
• List of messages. N and P move the cursor to the next or previous message in the message list.
• Ignore. M– letters with marked addresses are no longer included in the list of incoming letters and are archived.
• Select a chain of letters. X – the email chain will be selected. You can archive it, apply a shortcut to it, and select an action for it.
• Save draft. Control-S.
• Go to the list of messages. G+I.
• Go to tagged emails. G+S.
• Go to address book. G+C.

• Creating Keyboard Shortcuts fast switching. To create shortcut keys for quick switching, right-click on the shortcut key creation icon (you can find one on your desktop) and enter the combination. For example, such as Ctrl-Alt-W for the Word program.
• Switch between windows. Alt-Tab – select the desired window, then lower the keys. Or, hold down the Windows key, press Tab to cycle through the taskbar buttons to find the window you want, then press Enter when you find it. If you add Shift button To any of these methods, window selection will be done in the opposite direction.
• Go to desktop. Windows key-D.
• Context menu. Instead of right-clicking, press Shift-F10. Then scroll up or down the menu using the up and down arrow keys.
• Shutdown. To quickly shut down your computer, press the Window key and then U. With this key, you can also press S to pause, U to shut down, or R to restart.
• The most general. You, of course, know this, but for beginners you need to mention the most famous combinations: Ctrl-O – open, Ctrl-S – save, Ctrl-N – open a new document, Ctrl-W – close window, Ctrl-C – copy, Ctrl -V – paste, Ctrl-X – cut. Ctrl-Z – undo (backward), Ctrl-Y – undo (forward). To see the contents of the clipboard in MS Office, press Ctrl-C twice. Ctrl-Home – go to the beginning of the document, Ctrl-End – go to the end.
• Menu. When you press Alt, a menu appears that you need to navigate using the arrow buttons. Alt plus the underlined letter of each menu option leads to the use of that option. Or simply remember the key combination for this option for even faster use.
• Windows Explorer(Explorer). Windows-E - My Computer program starts.

• Switch Dock. Option-Cmd-D – show/hide Dock.
• Hide everything else. Cmd-Option-H hides all other windows except the one you are in. Lightens your screen.
• Close the window. Cmd-W closes active open window. Option-Cmd-W closes all open windows.
• Expand the directory. Option-Cmd-Right Arrow – Expand a directory and subdirectories in a list in Finder.
• Back and forth. Cmd-[ andCmd-] works with Finder programs, Safari and Firefox.
• Copy screen. Cmd-Shift-3 – for the entire screen. Cmd-Shift-4 – Creates a border to copy the selected portion of the screen.
• Exit. Shift-Cmd-Q – exit will take place in 2 minutes. Shift-Option-Cmd-Q – exit immediately.
• Empty Trash. Shift-Cmd-Delete.
• New window in Safari. Cmd-T.
• Help. Cmd-shift-?.
• CD loading. Press C and during startup (immediately after the melody) load a CD.
• Boot from another department. Option-Cmd-Shift-Delete– will start bootstrap until another compartment is found, such as a CD or disc.
• Additional information. Cmd-Option-I opens a window with additional information, which allows you to see and compare many files and folders in one window.
• Sleep mode, reboot and shutdown. Cmd-option-eject, Cmd-ctrl-eject, and Cmd-Option-ctrl-eject.
• Forced shutdown. Cmd-opt-Esc is basic, but very useful.
• Fast FTP protocol. Cmd-K will open a connection to the server.

• Edit cell. F2. This is probably the main key you need to know.
• Column selection. Ctrl-space.
• Row selection. Shift-Space.
• Monetary format. Ctrl+Shift+4 (more precisely, Ctrl+$).
• Percentage format. Ctrl+Shift+5 (more precisely, Ctrl+%).
• Back to the beginning. Ctrl-Home makes cell A1 active.
• Enter the current date. Ctrl-colon.
• Enter the current time. Ctrl is the division sign.
• Copy cells. Ctrl - double quotes will copy the top cells (no formatting).
• Cell format. Ctrl-1 will open the Format Cells window.
• Navigation. Ctrl-PageUp and Ctrl-PageDown.
• Multiple input. Ctrl-Enter, instead of just Enter, after entering data in one of several selected cells, will transfer the data to all other selected cells.

• Default formatting. Ctrl-Space enables normal styling for the current selection and subsequent text entry.
• Spacing between paragraphs. Ctrl-0 (upper zero on the keyboard) adds or removes space before the current paragraph. Ctrl-1 (at the top of the keyboard) – single paragraph line spacing. Ctrl-2 (top of the keyboard) – double paragraph line spacing. Ctrl-5 (at the top of the keyboard) changes the line spacing to one and a half.
• Update date and time. Alt-Shift-D – make date updates. Alt-Shift-T – make time updates.

The versatility of a computer allows users to perform certain actions many times faster. Almost everyone knows that in operating system“” there are so-called “hot keys” or simply combinations. They make it possible to interact with the device much faster, while significantly saving the user’s time and effort. However, not everyone knows the reliable true number of possible keyboard shortcuts, which only very experienced users know about.

This functionality was developed and introduced by specialists to simplify life and work with a computer as much as possible. After all, by making just a few movements with your fingers, you can instantly skip the long process of searching and launching a particular program. This, in turn, increases the user's potential, allowing him to perform various jobs Much faster on a computer.

The most useful and common combinations

It is difficult to say which combinations are more popular, in demand and useful, since each of them in itself contains enormous potential. But still, from the entire list of possible combinations, we can single out that “basis” that even a novice user should be familiar with.

“Copy”, “Cut” “Paste” - basics for beginners

Copy to clipboard text information, a file or an entire folder with further movement - these are the functions that are difficult to do without. Carrying out such actions using a pointing device (mouse), the user will have to spend an impressive amount of time on this. However, using hotkey combinations can save a lot of time. To learn how to use such a combination on the keyboard, you need to:

Reference! Copying or cutting any element existing on the PC leads to its placement in a special “intermediate” storage of general data - the clipboard.

Select all contents and cancel actions with a few keys

To take advantage of these features:

Reference! These hotkeys can be used to: various applications, such as "Word", "Excel" and others.

Combinations for working with files that are open in applications

For those who spend a lot of time working in Word, it will be useful to learn about those combinations that will reduce the time spent using this program:

Buttons for quickly working with dialog boxes

To quickly move between open source software and applications, close them instantly and scroll through them in one second, you need to know special combinations.

1. To "jump" between running programs, the user needs to press “Alt” + “Tab” at the same time.

   

2. To scroll backwards, press Alt+Shift+Tab.

   

3. The “Ctrl” + “Tab” combination will allow you to instantly move from one document to another in one application. This is also useful when changing tabs in some programs.

   

4. To quickly close running application, use simultaneous pressing on “Alt” + “F4”.

   

5. “Ctrl” + “F4” pressed together will not close the entire application, but only one document or tab.

   

6. To quickly “hide” displayed windows, you can combine “Win” + “D”.

   

Application in practice of so-called “modifier keys”

There are certain buttons on every PC keyboard that are called “modifiers.” They got their name from the fact that they allow you to perform large number actions when you click on them. You can also combine them, both with each other and between simple keyboard buttons. This makes it possible to increase the number of commands executed by just one key. The list includes:

• "Ctrl";
• "Shift";
• "Alt"
• "Win."

Keyboard combinations while surfing the Internet through Internet Explorer

Like other existing web browsers, Internet Explorer can use a variety of hotkeys that allow you to instantly save, add and copy entire sites. The main hotkeys for this application are:

1. “Ctrl” + “D”, which allow you to instantly add a site to your “favorites” list.

   

   To add a site to the list of favorites, press the keys “Ctrl” + “D”

2. To ensure quick closing of one tab, press "Ctrl"+"W".

   

3. “Ctrl” + “T” makes it possible to open another additional tab.

   

4. Pressing "F5" will refresh the web page.

   

5. Using “Ctrl” + “Tab” you can quickly switch between all available tabs.

   

6. And the combined press “Ctrl” + “J” will display a list of available downloads.

   

Useful combinations for quick work in Explorer

There are the following possible combinations to simplify the use of Explorer:

Table of useful key combinations.

This table contains some useful combinations that will significantly speed up the process of user interaction with the PC.

Entering "special characters"

To put into practice the so-called “hiding” or simply “ special characters", you must use the following combinations: hold down useful key"Alt" and use any of the "Numpad" numbers.

The user can find the combinations themselves in this table in the screenshot.

How to change combinations of an existing keyboard layout

In order to do this, you will need:

Lock the entire keyboard with a key combination

Unfortunately, on personal computer produce this action It’s almost impossible without using third-party software or lengthy settings in the operating system itself. But it’s easy to do on a laptop, just press “Win” + “L”.

But on different models These keys may be intended for other actions, so you can use the combination “NumLock” + “Fn”.

If these combinations do not help, you can use the following:

• "Fn" + "F6".
• "Fn" + "F11".

Reference! It all depends on the manufacturer and specific model the device itself. The user is also recommended to inspect the keyboard for the presence of special icons that symbolize locking.

Complete list of all possible combinations

If you need to have absolutely all combinations with you, then you can use this table.

Combination is the easiest way to simplify and reduce the time you use your PC.

Video - 32 secret combinations for your keyboard

You and I have already learned. Now it's time to learn the keyboard. In order to write a letter or a request in an Internet search engine, we cannot do without a keyboard. In addition, if your mouse does not work, you can use the keyboard. It is enough to know a few simple commands. Real programmers and hackers don't use a mouse at all. For them, the main instrument is the keyboard. Perhaps you, too, will work like this someday, but for now we will learn the basics of working on the keyboard.

Key layout

The entire keyboard, depending on its functions, can be visually divided into several groups:

• Function keys (F1-F12)- used to perform special tasks. If you press the same key again, the action is canceled. F1 key - opens help for the program you are currently in;
• Alphanumeric- These are keys with letters, numbers, punctuation marks and symbols.
• Control keys- These include keys HOME,END,PAGEU.P.PAGEDOWNDELETE And INSERT.
• Cursor keys– used to move the cursor around documents, web pages, edit text, etc. Control keys (modifiers) (Ctrl,Alt,CapsLock,Win,Fn) - used in various combinations and individually.
• Number keys- For quick input numbers.
• Edit keys– Backspace, Delete.

Keyboard layouts may vary slightly. Often modern keyboards also have multimedia keys. Such as turning the sound on/off, volume control, going to the mailbox, etc.

Keyboard key assignments

Each key performs a specific action:

• Spacebar- the longest key on the keyboard. It is located at the very bottom in the middle. In addition to its main function, do
  space between words, it also deletes the “selected” object.
• Esc- cancels the last action (closes unnecessary windows).
• Print Screen-takes a screenshot. This screenshot can be pasted into Word or Paint. This photograph of the screen is called a “screenshot”. This key also prints the contents of the screen.
• Scroll Lock- serves to scroll information up and down, but this button does not work on all computers.
• Pause/Break-suspends the current one computer process, but also – it does not work on all computers.
• Insert- serves to print text on top of what has already been printed. If you press this key, new text will be printed, erasing the old one. To cancel this action, you must press the Insert key again.
• Delete(on the keyboard it is often abbreviated Del) - deletion. Deletes characters located to the right side of the blinking cursor. Deletes “selected” objects (lines of text, folders, files).
• Home- go to the beginning of the filled line.
• End- jump to the end of the filled line.
• Page Up- turns the page forward.
• Page Down- turns the page back.
• Backspace- deletes characters located to the left of the blinking cursor while typing text. And it returns to the previous page in browsers and in Explorer windows, replacing the “back” arrow in the upper left corner.
• Tab- tab stops the cursor at a specific location on a line.
• Caps Lock- switch between upper and lower case letters.
• Shift- briefly pressing this key gives capital letter. In order to type a capital letter, you must first press the Shift key and hold it down while pressing the desired letter. The Shift key can be pressed both on the right and on the left, whichever is more convenient for you.
• Alt- to switch to the opposite language (from English to Russian and vice versa) – you need to press the Alt key and without releasing it the Shift key. Pressing and holding the AltGr (right Alt) key is used to move to the second level of the keyboard.
• Ctrl- right and left. Opens additional features programs.
• Nut Look– includes an additional numeric keypad.
• Enter- information input key, confirms the command “yes”, or moves to the next line.
  Cursor keys - (up), (down), (right),
  (left). Using these arrows, you can move not only through the text you are typing, but also through open pages of sites and programs.

Hot keys

You've probably heard this expression. " Hot“They are called because when you press a combination of these keys, you can quickly call up some program or menu.

Each program has its own set of such keys. There is no need to memorize them. If you constantly work in some program, then it makes sense to memorize them. We will gradually study many of these combinations.

In many program windows, when you open any menu, next to a particular command, keyboard shortcuts are indicated for calling the same command.

Keyboard shortcuts

Typically such combinations are indicated with the sign + (plus). For example, Win+E. This means that you must first press the key Win, and then the key E.

The letters are meant to be Latin, regardless of what layout you have at the moment.

The most necessary actions on the keyboard

• In order to switch to another language, you must press the key simultaneously Shift + Alt or Shift + Ctrl.
• To print capital letter, you must hold down the key Shift and click on the desired letter.
• To print all text in capital letters only, press Caps Lock and let go. And to switch back to small letters, press this key again.
• To type a comma, you must press the key Shift and the comma key. They are usually nearby, on the right.
• The point in the English layout is located next to, to the left of the point in the Russian layout.
• To quickly call up the menu Start, you can press the key Win. It usually has a window icon (Windows logo) on it.
• Key Fn designed for laptop. If you press it and any of the keys F1- F10 , you can enable or disable additional features. Usually on the keys F1- F10 drawn small icon, which shows what exactly this key does.

For now, this knowledge about the keyboard is enough for you. Find each key on your keyboard and try it out.