What is the name of the function of waking up your PC over the Internet? WOL: Adventures of the “Magic Pack”

13 Mar 2015

Wake-on-Lan. Remotely turn on your computer

With TeamViewer you can turn on your computer via Wake-on-LAN.

This way, you can remotely control a computer that is disconnected from the network by waking it up before establishing a connection.

I will talk about a method to wake up a computer using another computer on the same network.

To do this we need to configure BIOS, Network Card, Firewall and TeamViewer.

First you need to configure the BIOS. This procedure may vary depending on the type of computer.

To enable Wake-On-LAN in BIOS, follow these steps::

Start your computer.
To access BIOS settings immediately after turning on, press the Del key (sometimes another one, for example F2 or F1, F12). The BIOS settings window will open.
Open the Power tab (“Power Management Setup”, or “ACPI Configuration”, etc.)
Activate the option Wake-Up by PCI devices (or “Wake-on-LAN”, “Power on by Ethernet Card”, “Power by PCI”, etc.) for the network card built into the motherboard. If network card external, activate the Wake-Up by PCIE devices option.
Select Save and Exit (F10).

All other settings must be done in Windows. Log in with an administrator account.

Firstly Let's configure the network card.

Your computer's network card now supports Wake-On-LAN.

Secondly setting up Firewall

Open Control Panel
Open Windows Firewall
In the left pane, select Additional options
In the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security dialog box, in the left pane, click Inbound Rules, and then in the right pane, click New Rule.
The New Inbound Connection Rule Wizard opens.

Select “For port”
Click the “Next” button
Select “UDP protocol”
Check “Specific local ports” and write “7,9” (this means that you want to open port 7 and 9 for incoming connections)
Click the “Next” button
Leave the checkbox next to “Allow connection”
Click the “Next” button
Uncheck the box next to “Public”
Click the “Next” button
Give your rule a name, for example “WoL”
Click the “Done” button

The firewall is configured.

Thirdly you need to configure TeamViewer itself.

First, let's associate the computer with the account.

To ensure that only you can turn on the computer, you need to make sure that the computer really belongs to you. Therefore, you need to link your computer to your TeamViewer account. Awaken this computer only possible through the associated TeamViewer account.

Launch TeamViewer on your computer.
From the main menu, select Advanced | Options.

→ The TeamViewer Options dialog opens.

Select the General section.
In the Link to account section, click on the Link to account... button.
The Link to Account dialog box opens. Enter the E-Mail address of your TeamViewer account in the E-Mail field.

Enter your TeamViewer account password in the Password field.
Click the Link button.
Your computer is now assigned your TeamViewer account.
Do not close the settings, we will need them later.

Now let's set up Wake-on-Lan via TeamViewer ID on the network.

If the computer does not have a public address, you can also wake it from another

computer via a local network. The other computer must be turned on and TeamViewer installed and configured to start when Windows starts.

In this case, you can activate Wake-On-LAN capabilities over the local network. To do this, you will need to enter the TeamViewer ID of the computer on the network with which yours will be awakened. Thus, the wake-up signal will be sent through a specific turned on computer to the one that needs to be woken up/turned on.

Find “Incoming connections (LAN)” under “Network settings” in the main TeamViewer settings, and change from “deactivated” to “accept”
Now click on the “Configuration” button in the “Network Settings” section of the TeamViewer main settings.
The Wake-on-LAN Feature dialog box opens. Select “Other TeamViewer applications on your network”
In the TeamViewer ID field, enter the TeamViewer ID on your network with which the wake-up signal should be sent, and then click the “Add” button
Click OK
The computer can now be woken up using the saved TeamViewer ID.

All that remains is to check if everything works. Open “computers and contacts”, right-click on the desired computer, the “Wake up” button should appear, click (you can do it several times) and the computer will turn on!

The instructions for you were compiled by Evgeniy Troshev.

For more information and ordering services, you can call us from 9.00 to 19.00 (Mon-Fri) or leave a request for a call back!

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Wake On Lan (WOL) technology is used to remotely turn on the computer's power via a local network and is implemented in accordance with the provisions of the specification ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface). This specification is an open standard that defines how software and hardware interact to discover, configure, monitor, and manage connected equipment, power, and cooling. ACPI 1.0, released in the late 1990s, is nearly 400 pages long, while the current specifications are over 1,000 pages long. The ACPI 1.0 specification was adopted in 1996. and turned out to be a rather successful decision, which led to the further development of this technology, which led to the appearance in 2000 of the ACPI 2.0 edition, which actually became an industry standard for all manufacturers of computer equipment and software.

Currently, the ACPI specification is being developed and maintained by the international organization UEFI Forum. The section on the ACPI specification contains a complete set of documentation, starting with version ACPI 1.0 and ending with the latest version accepted at the moment (as of English).

The ACPI specification defines system states, denoted as Gn - global states, and Sn - sleep states, which correspond to their own level of power consumption in decreasing order. Those. condition S1 corresponds to maximum consumption, and S5- minimal.

G0(Working) - normal operation.

G1(Suspend, Sleeping, Sleeping Legacy) - the machine is turned off, but the current system context is saved, operation can be continued without rebooting. For each device, the “degree of information loss” during the process of falling asleep is determined, as well as where the information should be stored and from where it will be read upon awakening, and the time to awaken from one state to another (for example, from sleep to work state). Level of electricity consumption and depth of the “sleep” state Sn are defined as follows:

S0 - normal operation.

S1 is a state in which all processor caches are reset and processors have stopped executing instructions. However, power to processors and RAM is supported; devices that do not indicate that they should remain on may be disabled. The lowest degree of energy saving and the fastest transition to working condition;

S2 is a deeper sleep state than S1 when CPU disabled, usually not used in practice;

S3 (“Suspend to RAM” (STR) in BIOS, “Standby” in versions prior to Windows XP and some Linux distributions, "Sleep" in Windows Vista and Mac OS X, although ACPI is only referred to as S3 and Sleep in the specifications). In the S3 state, random access memory (RAM) continues to receive power and remains virtually the only component consuming power. Since the state of the operating system and all applications, open documents etc. is stored in RAM, the user can resume work exactly where he left it - the state of RAM when returning from S3 is the same as before entering this mode. (The specification states that S3 is quite similar to S2, only slightly more components are disabled in S3.) S3 has two advantages over S4: the computer returns to a working state faster, and secondly, if running program(open documents, etc.) contains confidential information, then this information will not be forced to be written to disk. However, disk caches can be flushed to disk to prevent data corruption in the event that the system does not wake up, for example due to a power failure;

S4 (“Hibernation” in Windows, “Safe Sleep” in Mac OS X, also known as “Suspend to disk”, although the ACPI specification only mentions the term S4) - in this state, the entire contents of RAM are stored in non-volatile memory such as hard drive: State of the operating system, all applications, open documents, etc. This means that after returning from S4, the user can resume work from where it left off, similar to S3 mode. The difference between S4 and S3, besides the additional time it takes to move the contents of RAM to disk and back, is that power outages to the computer in S3 will lead to the loss of all data in RAM, including all unsaved documents, while the computer is in S4 is not affected by this. S4 is quite different from other S states and more closely resembles S1-S3 G2 Soft Off And G3 Mechanical Off. A system in S4 state can also be placed in G3 Mechanical Off state and still remain S4, retaining information so that the operating system and all applications can be restored to state after power is applied. In practice, S4 is the main sleep mode for laptops and mobile devices.

G2(or sleep state S5, soft-off) - soft (software) shutdown; the system is completely stopped and turned off, but part of the equipment is under standby power supply generated by an ATX standard power supply in the off (but not de-energized) state. Standby voltage from power supply output +5VStandby (+5VSB) is supplied to that part of the devices that can be used to turn on the power supply to the entire system when certain events occur, such as when receiving into a buffer network adapter a special Ethernet frame (Magic Packet, Wake-On-Lan) or pressing a specific key combination on the keyboard.

G3(mechanical off) - mechanical shutdown of the system; block ATX power supply disconnected from the input voltage (220V). The power supply cannot be turned on.

To transition from one state S1-S4 to another (S5 to S1 for example) are used power management events - PME (Power Management Events)-, most of which are caused by a hardware interrupt from a specific device.

Principles for implementing remote power supply.

The most common implementation of remote power supply is the technology Wake On Lan or technology Magic packet. The computer's power is turned on when the network adapter receives a specially crafted Ethernet frame, the contents of which include its hardware address (MAC address). When the computer is turned off (state S5), the network adapter is powered by the standby voltage +5VSB, and upon receiving an Ethernet frame in the data field of which a “magic” packet is detected, it generates a signal to turn on the computer.

In other words, to remotely turn on the computer's power supply, it must comply with the ACPI specification, support for the "Wake On Lan" mode must be enabled in the BIOS settings (usually it is disabled by default) and the network adapter must have received a special Ethernet frame, in the data field of which there is a sequence of 6 bytes of FF and its own MAC address, repeated 16 times. Below is the actual content of an Ethernet frame for remotely powering up a computer.

The first 6 bytes of the frame contain receiver address, equal FFFFFFFFFFFF, which is commonly called a broadcast address. Then, in the next 6 bytes, the address of the source that sent this frame, in in this example, equal 0015F20016CA. The frame data area, highlighted in red, displays the contents of the magic packet, which is

– 6 bytes with code FFFFFFFFFFFF

MAC - address of the computer being turned on, repeated 16 times and, in this example, equal to 00046175F9DA.

Typically used to turn on power remotely software, which provides broadcasting of a frame with a “magic packet”, received by all computers on the local network, and activation is performed only for the computer whose MAC address matches the address from the contents of the “magic” packet.

Almost all network adapters and motherboards released after 2001 support remote power-on technology, but there are some technical features:

If motherboard very ancient, and has a PCI bus specification up to 2.2 (most models based on Pentium processors II and Pentium III), then it must have a 3-pin “Wake On Lan” connector and the same connector must be on the network adapter. They need to be connected with a special cable included with the adapter. For the case of PCI-E and PCI 2.2 and older buses, such a connection has already been made directly.

In the BIOS settings of modern motherboards, the term “Wake On Lan” is practically not used. Look for a value that is similar in meaning in the settings of the power management section. Such a section may also have different names - “Power Management Setup”, “ACPI Configuration”, Power, etc.). The enabled parameter may be called, for example, “Wake-Up by PCI-E device”, “Power on by Ethernet Card”, etc.

Below is an example of the settings of the "Power - APM Configuration" section of AMI BIOS v2.61:

To enable Wake On Lan mode, you need to set the item "Power On By PCI Devices" to "Enabled".

Meaning of other options:

Restore on AC Power Loss- behavior of the system when the primary 220V power supply is lost. The value is Power Off - the system will remain off, Power On - the computer will turn on as soon as the power supply is restored.
Power On By RTC Alarm- turning on the power supply according to the computer’s internal clock (analogous to an alarm clock).
Power On By External Modes- the power supply will be turned on when incoming call on external modem, connected to serial port.
Power On By PCIE Devices- allows the computer to be turned on from devices on the PCI-E bus. If your network card uses PCI-E bus, and not PCI, then to enable Wake On Lan mode you need to set this option to “Enable”.
Power On By PS/2 Keyboard- allows turning on power from a keyboard connected to the PS/2 connector

Some features of power settings for modern UEFI BIOS

The ability to turn on remote power may be affected by some other BIOS settings specific to computers manufactured later than 2016. In particular, remote activation fails if the following options are enabled:

ErP- mode of minimum system power consumption in the off state (the power of the standby power supply is limited to no more than 1W). This mode implemented in accordance with the recommendations of the European Commission to reduce power consumption of devices in standby mode ( E energy- r elated P roducts* (ErP). If in the BIOS settings, the mode ErP is enabled (Enable), then most of the possibilities for turning on the power supply from peripheral devices is not implemented. To remotely turn on the computer's power via Wake-On-Lan, mode ErP

EuP- completely similar ErP, but another name derived from E energy U sing P product. To remotely turn on the computer's power via Wake-On-Lan, mode EuP must be disabled.

CEC 2019 Ready- low power consumption in standby mode and in accordance with the standards developed by the California Energy Commission (CEC 2019) for products with low power and high efficiency. When Enable is enabled, the computer's power consumption when turned off is reduced, and peripheral power-on features are disabled. To remotely turn on the computer's power via Wake-On-Lan, mode CEC 2019 Ready must be disabled.

In some cases, after changing the settings of the above BIOS parameters, in order to turn on the computer's power via Wake-On-Lan, it may be necessary to completely turn off the primary power supply to the computer (220V).

IN modern computers Wake-On-Lan technology can provide remote power switching not only after a software power-off (Soft-Off), but also immediately after the primary voltage is supplied to the power supply (220V). The possibility of such inclusion depends on the specific motherboard model.

Software for remote power on.

To turn on the power supply to a computer over a local network, software is required to send a Wake-On-Lan packet (Magic Packet) to the computer that is turned on remotely. Today there are a fair number of programs designed for this purpose, ranging from the simplest console utilities to software modules complex industrial enterprise management complexes.

One of the simplest utilities for remotely turning on power - (download, 32kb)
It is a small console program that allows you to send WOL packets in accordance with command line parameters. It is convenient to use in administration scripts, scheduler tasks, and batch files.

Command line format:

broadc.exe

In the broadcast segment of the local network, the command line format usually looks like this:

broadc.exe MAC address of the network card 255.255.255.255 67

Examples of use:

broadc.exe 0002b3d8b4e6 255.255.255.255 67- turn on the computer whose network card MAC address is 0002b3d8b4e6.

broadc.exe 0002b3d8b4e6 192.168.65.255 67- similar to the previous example, but the broadcast address is used in the form 192.168.65.255. This address must be used in cases where the computer on which the program is running has more than one network interface and is connected to different subnets. If the broadcast address is 255.255.255.255, the WOL packet will be sent to the first network interface discovered by the program that is not a loopback.

There is similar software for Linux - wakeonlan- (download, ~5kb)
By default, the program uses the broadcast address and UDP port 9 (discadrd) to send Magic Packet. Therefore, inside the local network, to turn on the computer, just set the MAC address of the network card in the form 00:01:02:03:04:05
Command line format:

wakeonlan MAC address

You can use the technology for remotely turning on the power supply not only on a local network, but also on the Internet, you just need to take into account the fact that the packet generated by the program must be delivered to the end device whose IP address is specified as a parameter, and this device must perform broadcasting WOL packet to the local network to which the remotely turned on computer belongs. To generate a Magic Packet that allows you to remotely turn on a computer on a foreign network, you can use the utility wol.exe-(download, ~5kb) . Although smaller in size than broadc.exe, the program has somewhat greater capabilities. You can specify a name in command line parameters text file, containing a list of MAC addresses of computers for remote activation.

wol.exe –f=macs.txt- use the contents of the file to turn on the power remotely macs.txt

Sample content:

# maclist - mac addresses for wakonlan - line starting with # is not processed - it is a comment
00:BA:BE:FA:CE:00 PC1 - Enable by MAC address
00:11:22:33:44:5A PC2
195.210.128.3-01:12:23:34:45:67 SERVER.COM - Enable by IP plus MAC
0xC0A801F0-12:23:34:45:56:67 HOST.RU - The same as before. case, but the IP is in hexadecimal.

Default program wol.exe generates a UDP packet on port 60000. The port number can be changed. Examples:

Turn on the computer on the local network with MAC=01:02:03:04:05:06

wol.exe 01:02:03:04:05:06:

Turn on the computer using IP=212.248.111.222 and MAC=00:00:00:00:00:99:

wol.exe 212.248.111.222-00:00:00:00:00:99

Same thing but use port number = 4096:

wol.exe -p=4096 212.248.111.222-00:00:00:00:00:99

Please note that the IP address in the command line parameters is not IP - the address of the computer being turned on, and the address of the enabled and accessible node that ensures the transmission of the packet to the final recipient, i.e. switched off computer. The switched off computer has no downloaded network drivers and its IP address cannot be associated with a MAC address (ARP protocol), and the remote enable program will fail with an IP resolution error. A fairly common reason that Wake On Lan “does not work” is the use of the IP address of the computer being turned on in the parameters of the programs to turn it on.

Example of using the utility wol.exe to turn on your computer remotely via the Internet.

The router through which the computer connects to the Internet is configured in such a way that the packet generated by the wol.exe utility and arriving at a specific port (for example, 4009) is sent to the local network with a broadcast MAC address. By default, the network adapter accepts only those Ethernet frames whose destination address matches its own hardware address (its MAC address) or broadcast address (the address is 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF). In the settings of the Zyxel P660RU2 ADSL modem (Network-NAT-Port Forwarding), a rule is created to redirect the received WOL packet to the broadcast address 192.168.1.255:

Enable command:

Wol.exe -p=4009 <IP of the ADSL modem>-<MAC address of the computer’s network card>

For example:

wol.exe -p=4009 85.140.21.22-00:00:A0:80:87:99

In addition to command line utilities, there are also programs with a graphical user interface, for example, a miniature and very easy to use utility wakeup.exe-(download, ~78kb) .

The "Get MAC" button is designed to determine the hardware address of the network adapter, which is used to remotely turn on the computer's power supply.

The “Wake” button performs remote activation.

More functional program for remote activation -

The program is free software with open source, has support for the Russian language and, in addition to remotely turning on the power supply, has a lot of additional features, such as turning off computers running Windows and Linux, monitoring and displaying the contents of WOL packages, scanning a local network and creating a database network devices. There is also a console version of the utility - WakeOnLanC.exe. And among other things, there is a customizable notification system for important events, including via email.

Some features of the implementation of Wake On Lan by equipment manufacturers.

Most motherboards are characterized by one feature - remote power-on does not work if the computer has been completely de-energized, for example, when the primary 220V power supply is lost. In this case, to ensure that it turns on independently, you can use the BIOS mode setting in the "Power Management Setup" section - "Power on after power fail" or similar in meaning (“After AC Power Lost” - “POWER ON” - the name depends on the version and manufacturer of the BIOS). After restoring the primary power supply to the power supply input, the computer should turn on on its own, without pressing the "Power" button.

The practice of using Wake On Lan has revealed one more point - some computers, when enabling the network switching mode in the BIOS settings, turn on the power supply on their own, without even receiving a frame with the Magic Packet. The reason for this phenomenon is that some network cards (noted by Intel, 3COM) to turn on the power supply over the local network, not only the WOL packet is used, but also other events (Wake on ARP, Wake on Link Change, etc.), and by default, several inclusion criteria are used at once. You need to remove unnecessary conditions from the adapter settings (usually using a special utility), and everything will work correctly.
Example, for the Intel(R) PRO/100VE network adapter. Using the Intel(R) PROSet II utility (supplied with the adapter), uncheck all events except “Wake on Magic Packet”:

After saving the settings, your computer will turn on only when it receives a Magic Packet.

Sometimes allowing remote power on via LAN in the BIOS settings is not enough. This is usually due to the characteristics of a particular type of network adapter. I’ll explain using the example of a network card based on the Atheros chipset (controller AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethernet Adapter). After setting the mode Power On by PCI-E Device in settings Motherboard BIOS boards, the remote power supply of the computer does not occur. In properties network connection There is a button for this adapter Tune

In the network adapter properties there is a tab Additionally.

In this window you can view or change some parameters and operating modes of the selected network card. In particular, by default, modes Wake up after shutdown And Awakening Possibilities installed in No. This is why remote power-on is not possible. After configuring the Wake Mode and Frame Type settings Magic Packet, remote power-on using this network adapter will be performed when a WOL packet is received.

Determining the MAC address of the network card.

On LINUX, you can use the arping utility to determine the hardware address:

Arping < IP address >
For example:
arping 192.168.0.1

On Windows, you can use the arp command, which allows you to display the contents of the ARP cache on the screen. To ensure that the code is relevant for the required IP address, before the command arp can be done ping, i.e. execute sequentially:

Ping < IP >
arp -a
for example:
ping 192.168.0.1
arp -a

By the way, the same method can be used in LINUX.

Own The MAC address can be determined using the commands:

IN LINUX
ifconfig < interface > for example - ifconfig eth0

On Windows
ipconfig /all

In Windows XP and higher, you can use the console command to obtain the MAC address of your network card getmac.exe

Did you know that a computer can be turned on remotely via a LAN network or even via the Internet. Wake-On-LAN technology has been around for quite some time, and now we'll look at how it works.

Wake-On-LAN (sometimes abbreviated WoL) is a standard protocol for waking up computers remotely. Naturally, the computer must be physically connected both to electricity and to the router using a wired connection or even via Wi-Fi connections. The Wake-on-Wireless-LAN protocol allows you to turn on your computer without a wired network connection.

Enabling Wake-On-LAN depends on two things: the motherboard and the network card. Your motherboard must be connected to an ATX-compatible power supply, i.e. to almost any power supply that has been in production for 17 years. The network card or wireless card must also support this feature. Since enabling the WoL protocol is set either through the BIOS or through the firmware of your network card. In the latter case, you will need special software to turn on the computer.

Wake-On-LAN support is a fairly common feature built into motherboards and network cards by default. Moreover, among the listed characteristics in stores you will no longer find mention of support for Wake-On-LAN.

Magic Packet: How Wake-on-LAN works

Wake-On-LAN turns on the computer by sending "magic packets" to its network card, which include the network broadcast address, the broadcast address, the MAC address of the network card, and a special sequence of bytes - the data packet. These magic packages are absolutely identical for any platform, be it Intel or AMD or Apple. Typical ports used for WoL and magic packets are UDP 7 and 9. Since each computer is actively listening to the data channel, such a magic packet, which has a unique computer identifier (MAC address of the network card), will be easily caught and processed.

The picture above shows the results of the packet sniffer. Here a reasonable question arises: is the transmission of a magic packet safe? After all, intercepting unprotected traffic will not be difficult. How secure is Wake-On-LAN transmission when used on insecure networks and over the Internet? On a secure network or in home use there should be no cause for concern. And in open network, it is better not to use Wake-On-LAN or at least take care of the connection profile of your network card, choosing at least options with minimal openness of resources to the outside.

How to enable Wake-On-LAN

In order to start using Wake-On-LAN, there are several options for enabling it. The easiest way is through the motherboard BIOS. Another option via special utility from the manufacturer of your motherboard or network card.

In BIOS

Most older computers and many modern ones have their own Wake-On-LAN settings built into the BIOS. In order to enter the BIOS, you need to click on the button DEL or F1 or F2 when the computer boots, After entering the BIOS, go to the power settings (Power) or Additional settings(Advanced Options).

Award BIOS

In UEFI BIOS setup Enabling Wake-On-LAN is usually located in additional options, sometimes in the PCIE / PCI Power On section.

Also, motherboard manufacturers call the technology differently: Aggresslive Link from ASRock, ErP from Gigabyte, PME from ASUS.

UEFI BIOS

On Windows operating system

You can also enable Wake-On-LAN in the operating system. How to do this on Windows. Open menu START and enter device Manager. After opening Device Manager, expand the section Network adapters. Right click on the network card and select Properties, then go to the tab Additionally.

Scroll the list and find Wake on Magic Packet, Wake on LAN- each manufacturer calls this setting in its own way. Change the value to Enabled, if it is turned off.

Now go to the tab Power management, and make sure the option Allow the device to wake up the computer included. Additionally, you can check the box next to Allow only the magic package to wake up the computer.

On macOS

Open system settings and select Energy saving. Check the option Wake for Network Access or something similar. This will enable Wake-on-LAN.

On Linux

Ubuntu has a great tool that can check if your network card supports Wake-on-LAN and can enable it. Open a terminal and install ethtool using the following command:

Sudo apt-get install ethtool

And you can support Wake-on-LAN by running:

If your network interface is different eth1, eth2, eth3 and so on, replace it.

Find an item Wake-on. To enable this option, use the following command:

Sudo ethtool -s eth0 wol g

Run the command again to make sure it is enabled. Must be Wake-on: g.

How to turn on your computer using Wake-on-LAN

To send Wake-on-LAN requests, there are several options available:

Depicus for Windows, Apple and Android

Depicus has an excellent series of lightweight tools to get the job done, including a GUI for Windows and command line for Windows and MacOS. Also available separate application on Android, iPhone and Windows Mobile.

Wake-on-LAN (WoL) is an underrated and underutilized part of the Windows 10 operating system. If you are not an avid Windows user, then the phrase Wake-on-LAN will probably not be of interest to you. This function is associated with a local network connection, which in turn will be of interest to gamers and technical support. In the past, this setting was weak, but today, setting up the Wake-on-LAN feature in Windows 10 does more than it used to. So what is Wake-on-LAN? How can this be useful for ordinary users? And most importantly, how to set it up?

What is Wake-On-LAN?

Wake-on-LAN is a network standard that allows a computer to wake up remotely. It has an additional standard called Wake-on-Wireless-LAN (WoWLAN).

For WoL to work, you need three things:

Your computer must be connected to a power source.
The computer's motherboard must be ATX compatible. Don't worry, most modern motherboards meet the requirements.
The computer's network card (Ethernet or wireless) must be enabled in WoL. WoL support is almost universal.

Wake-on-LAN is widespread in the computer world. Since support is required at the hardware level, WoL runs on Windows, Mac and Linux computers without any problems. From a Windows perspective, your computer can start from any of the default power states, such as hibernation and sleep, as well as from complete shutdown nutrition.

How does Wake-On-LAN work?

Wake-on-LAN uses "magic packets"; when the network card detects a packet, it tells the computer to wake itself up. This is why your computer must be connected to a power source, even if it is turned off. WoL-enabled NICs will continue to receive a small charge 24/7 while they scan for "magic packets".

But what is happening?

The "magic packet" is sent from the server. There can be many things on the server, for example specialized software, routers, websites, computers, mobile devices, smart TVs. The server sends the packet throughout your network. The package itself contains important information, including subnet information, network address and most importantly the MAC address of the computer you want to enable. All this information combined into one packet is called a wakeup frame. Your network card is constantly scanning for them.

Why is Wake-On-LAN useful?

Now you know what Wake-on-LAN is and how it works. But why is this useful? Why should the average user care about this technology?

Turn on your computer from anywhere

It's hard to imagine being on a business trip without forgotten files at home that you can't access remotely. To use your desktop remotely, you will need a remote desktop application that supports Wake-On-LAN. The popular Google Chrome Remote Desktop does not work, but it provides this opportunity.

Note: The BIOS must support Wakeup-on-PME (power management event). And then you can wake up the computer from the off state.

How to enable Wake-On-LAN

Enabling WoL is a two-step process. You need to configure Windows and your computer's BIOS.

Enabling Wake-On-LAN in Windows

To enable Wake-on-LAN in Windows, you need to open the Device Manager application. Click Win+R and write devmgmt.msc.

Scroll through the list of devices until you find network adapters. Click " > ", to expand the menu. Now you need to find your network card.

If you don't know which one is your network card, type in search windows "System Information".

Go to " Components" > "Net" > "Adapter" and on the right, find the product name or type. Remember these values and go back to the device manager.

In Device Manager, right-click on your network adapter and select properties. Next, in the new window that appears, go to the tab " Additionally", scroll down the list and find Wake-On-LAN, select value Enabled(included). The name may vary between devices and some will have Wake on magic packet.

Next, go to the "tab" Power management" and you should have two items checked there: Allow this device to wake the computer from standby mode And Allow the computer to wake up from standby mode only using a "magic packet". Click OK.

Enabling Wake-On-LAN in BIOS

Unfortunately BIOS menu varies between computers and laptops, making it impossible to provide precise instructions. Basically, you need to press a specific key while your computer is booting up. Typically, the buttons are Escape, Delete or F1. Look detailed guide, .

In the BIOS menu you need to find the " "Power" and find the entry Wake-on-LAN and enable (Enabled). Don't forget to save the BIOS settings.
The tab may also be named Power Management or you can find this function even in Advanced Settings.

Security implications of Wake on LAN

Magic packets are sent using the OSI-2 layer. In practice, this means that anyone on the same network as WoL can use your computer to download. In a home environment this is not a significant problem. IN public network this is more problematic. In theory, WoL only allows you to turn on computers. It will not bypass security checks, password screens, or other forms of security. This will also prevent you from turning off your computer again.

However, there have been cases where attackers used a combination of DHCP and PXE servers to boot a machine with their own boot image. This gives them access to any unprotected drives on the local network.

Modern technologies are becoming more and more convenient, for example, turning on the computer we need, while being kilometers away from it without pressing a button. Wake-on-LAN has been around for a long time, so let's take a look at how it works and how to enable it.

What is Wake-on-LAN?

Wake-on-LAN is an industry standard protocol for turning on (waking up) computers remotely that have standby power. The definition of standby power is a mode in which the computer is turned off, but the indication on the motherboard indicates that it has power and at the same time it has the ability to start the power supply. The same protocol allows you to organize additional opportunity: Wake-on-Wireless-LAN - waking up from a wireless network.

Wake-on-LAN depends on two things: your motherboard and your network card. Your motherboard must be connected to an ATX-compatible power supply, which is the case in most cases. Your network or wireless network card should also support this functionality. Since this feature is configured in the BIOS and in the network card, there is no need for additional special software to turn it on. Computer support for Wake-on-LAN is very common, even for older models. However, in newer computer models you can find in BIOS additional options that will help you turn on your computer specific schedule or time. This, of course, is not technically Wake-on-LAN, but it further expands the functionality of the computer.

If you assembled the computer yourself, then know that a discrete network card also requires connecting a special 3-pin cable to the motherboard to support the Wake-on-LAN function.

Magic package.

Computers with the Wake-on-LAN function enabled, in order to turn on, wait for a special “magic packet” from the network, which will contain their own MAC addresses. This magic packet can be sent from an operating system on a different platform, or from a website or router. Typical ports that are used for Wake-on-LAN are UDP 7 and 9. Since the computer “listens” to the network for the appearance of a magic packet, it consumes energy, although it is small, but it does consume it, which can negatively affect the battery level in the laptop . Therefore, if you are somewhere on the road and you do not need this function at that moment, then you need to make sure that it is disabled.

The magic packet is usually sent to the network itself and contains various sub-network information, the network broadcast address and the MAC address of the network adapter of the desired computer. Moreover, it makes no difference what kind of adapter it is, wired or wireless. The picture above shows the result of the packet catching utility, which was used to catch the magic packet. This example shows how safe it is to use unsecured networks and the Internet. Many motherboard manufacturers, along with the Wake-on-LAN function, provide specialized software to simplify the setup and use of this function.

How to enable Wake-on-LAN.

BIOS

Most older computers, as well as many modern ones, contain a Wake-on-LAN setting in the BIOS. Depending on the type or model of the motherboard, it is possible to get into the BIOS by pressing the F2 or Del key during boot. The Wake-on-LAN settings should be in the following BIOS menus: Power Management or Advanced Options, or something like that.

Although there are computers that do not have the Wake-on-LAN setting in the BIOS, this does not always mean that they do not support it. It happens that you simply need to enable this function in the operating system itself.

Windows

Click the Start key and search for “Computer Management.” Find your network adapter from the list of devices.

Right-click on it, select “Properties” from the menu, and then find the “Advanced” tab.

Scroll down the list and find the next item “Wake on Magic Packet” or something like that, and set the value to “Enabled”. Click on the OK button when finished.

OS X

Open the window System Settings» (System Settings) and select Energy Saver.

In the Options tab you should see the phrase “Wake on Ethernet” or something similar. This option enables the Wake-on-LAN feature.

Linux

Ubuntu has an excellent utility that will help you determine whether your motherboard supports Wake-on-LAN and, if so, enable it. Launch a terminal and install the "ethtool" utility using the following command:

sudo apt-get install ethtool

You can check the possibility enabling Wake-on-LAN using the command:

sudo ethtool eth0

Where eth0 is the name of your network interface that you use by default.

Look at the section called "Supports Wake-on" (it's 3rd from the bottom). If you see the letter “g” opposite, this means that you can use the Magic Package for the Wake-on-LAN function. To enable it use the following command:

sudo ethtool -s eth0 wol g

After that, enter the previous command to check whether the Wake-on-LAN feature is now connected. Look at the "Wake on" section (it's 2nd from the bottom), you should now see a "g" instead of a "d".

Sending a Magic Package.

To submit an inducement request, you need to know some parameters.

Namely: this is directly the MAC address of the computer, its Internet address or host name, as well as the subnet mask where this computer is located. And it is necessary to know and enter the port number that the switched off remote computer is “listening to”.

You can download the program for sending a Magic Package using the following link: