Help with computer use. Useful books in electronic form on computer topics

The article will tell you what a computer is and how to use it.

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Nowadays, a huge number of people can use a computer and laptop. But people are not born with these skills; everything starts from scratch.

Beginners are interested in how to master a computer and laptop from scratch? Where to start self-study computer/laptop? Let's talk about this in our review.

What is the difference between a computer and a laptop?

Almost nothing. The main difference between a computer and a laptop is portability. If a computer is a stationary device, then a laptop is a mobile device. That is, the computer needs to be installed on the table and used in the future, but the laptop can be freely carried with you, which is what it is intended for.

Both a computer and a laptop consist of a keyboard, monitor, mouse, processor, RAM etc. Only on a computer all these components are connected to each other, while a laptop is like a single monolithic device.

An operating system is installed on both the computer and the laptop, for example, “ Windows" (most common) or " Linux" If you master, say, a computer, then you can work on a laptop without difficulty and vice versa. Therefore, in this review We will not give two instructions, but will talk about how to use the computer.

The operating system is a kind of “soul” of the computer. This software, which makes it possible to work on a computer. When you turn on the computer, the first thing that starts working is the operating system, we see this when the monitor lights up:

Let's start studying the computer with the operating system

If there were no operating system, we would only see a black screen and some incomprehensible letters and numbers that are of no use to us. Working on a computer is actually working with programs that, as a whole, make up the operating system.

You see how the mouse cursor runs across the screen - this is the work of the operating system. What about typing? Photos? Video? Even sounds from speakers are only possible thanks to the operating system. In the last century, music was listened to from the record on which the song was recorded. Currently audio and video files are presented in digital format, that is, in the form of programs.

The operating system allows you to “revive” your monitor, mouse, keyboard, speakers and all the devices that together make up your computer. Without it, a computer is just a “non-living” iron organism. Remember, the operating system is the soul of the computer.

"Windows"

In general, operating systems can be different. Some of them are very well known, others are not very common among ordinary ordinary users.

« Windows» is one of the most common operating systems, which is distinguished by its convenience and is excellent for use not only by specialists, but also ordinary people at home.

« Windows"also happens different versions: « Windows 95», « Windows 7», « Windows XP», « Windows 8», « Windows 10"etc. The most common are seven, eight and ten. The once popular Windows XP"is officially considered obsolete, although it is quite possible to work with it now.

Distinguish versions " Windows» between themselves you can by appearance:

There is also another easy way to find out what version of the operating system is installed on your computer:

Click on the button in the lower left corner " Start» left mouse button
Next, click on the item “ Computer" (or " My Computer") with the right mouse button.
Then in the new window that opens, left-click on the item “ Properties»

After this, a folder will open containing information on your operating system

Let's find out what operating system is installed on our computer

So, we briefly learned what an operating system is. Now let's start examining the computer itself.

Studying the PC device

Computer parts

In order to learn how to use a computer, you first need to study its design. That is, it is necessary to know which devices are part of such a concept as “ personal computer».

In principle, most people have an idea of what the components of a computer are called, but we will explain everything in more detail to make it easier for beginners to operate these parts.

So, the computer consists of:

Internal parts- these are the elements that make up the system unit (a large box with a power button). In principle, the system unit is the computer itself. And everything else, for example, a mouse, are simply components of this computer.
External parts– these are, in fact, the components of the computer that we connect to the system side (keyboard, etc.).

In turn, all the described parts of the computer can be classified based on their interaction with humans:

Input devices– these are devices that allow a person to give instructions to a computer (mouse, keyboard).
Output devices– devices that transmit information from a computer to a person (monitor, speakers).
I/O devices- these are, accordingly, those devices that combine the concepts described above (disk drive).

Now let's talk about the main devices, without which working on a computer will be impossible.

System unit

What does the system unit look like?

So, the system unit is the brain of the computer. To understand why the system unit is such an important component of a PC, you just need to study what is inside it.

Inside system unit located motherboard- this is a kind of huge microcircuit into which, in fact, absolutely all elements of the computer are built in: processor, RAM, video card, sound card, disk drive, as well as all connectors (to which a monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc. network cable and everything else).

You can also connect to the system unit Wi-Fi device, and TV tuner, and game consoles. This is a matter of taste and needs. When purchasing, you yourself order what kind of computer you need: for games, for watching videos, or just for accessing the Internet. On the basis of this, the system unit with all its constituent elements is assembled.

There are at least two buttons on the system unit: turning on the computer and rebooting:

Power button on the system unit

All other important parts of the PC, such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard and speakers, are already selected for the system unit. That is, when buying a computer, you need to start with the system unit, and then select everything else for it. By the way, you can freely change your monitor or keyboard if they break down or no longer meet your requirements. But with a laptop, this number will no longer work.

Monitor

computer monitor

Everyone knows what TV is. Everyone was watching him. A computer monitor is not exactly a TV, but it performs the same function, that is, the function of displaying information on the screen. If, in the case of a TV, such information is transmitted through an antenna or tv cable (analog signal), then to computer monitor information is transmitted from the system unit. Even more precisely, the signal comes from the video card, which is located in the system unit, as we learned above.

Monitors have various sizes, which is determined, for example, by the long diagonal of the screen and is measured in inches. The picture quality does not depend on the screen size. The quality of the image is determined by a parameter such as screen resolution. That is, the number of pixels (electronic dots) per square inch. These dots on the screen make up the image. Accordingly, the more dots (the higher the screen resolution), the better, clearer and more vibrant the picture.

Computer speakers

Just like a monitor, speakers receive a signal with information from the system unit, but they only output it not in the form of an image, but in the form of sound. This signal is transmitted from the system unit via the sound card.

Computer speakers differ from regular classic speakers in that they also have an audio amplifier inside. Sound card transmits only an analog signal (for example, like a player), and then the signal, as usual, is processed in an amplifier and goes to the speakers. Computer speakers have a cord with an outlet precisely because they connect an audio amplifier (not speakers) to the network.

Keyboard

Computer keyboard

Above we discussed output devices, now let's talk about input devices and start with the keyboard.

Everyone knows that the keyboard is designed to type text, which we then (or rather not “later”, but immediately) see on the screen. The keyboard, accordingly, has everything required keys with letters, numbers and other symbols.

There are also keys here, thanks to which we can give the computer certain commands. For example, if we press the key " Caps Lock ", this will give us the ability to print text in capital letters, well, or start the word (name, title) with a capital letter. By pressing the keys that have arrows on them, we can scroll the page (on the Internet, or in some folder on the computer) up or down.

Mouse

This is the name computer mouse received for the reason that it slightly resembles a living mouse, that is, it has a body and a tail (cord):

Computer mouse

A computer mouse is designed primarily so that we can move the cursor on the monitor screen with the greatest comfort. If we used only the keyboard, it would cause us unnecessary trouble and take a lot of time.

A standard mouse has two buttons (left and right) and a wheel. Left button provides, as it were, basic actions when we, for example, move the mouse cursor over a folder and open it by clicking on this button. In the same way, we close windows and programs - hover the cursor over the cross icon and click on the left button.

The right button is responsible for additional actions, for example, opens a menu or additional windows. The wheel allows you to scroll the page up and down, as is done with the corresponding keys on the keyboard.

Video: How to master a computer and laptop quickly and easily?

Video: What does a laptop consist of?

So a miracle happened. Finally, a personal computer or laptop has appeared in your home. But here’s the problem: you don’t know which side to approach it from. And you start thinking about how to learn to work on a computer. The first thing you need to do is stop being afraid of him. It won't break, burn or explode if you press the wrong button. You know how to drive a car, use household appliances, mobile phones. This knowledge is not innate, but acquired. Believe me, a computer is simpler than your microwave oven.

How to learn to quickly use a computer?

It is necessary that the computer be at your fingertips every day in order to gradually master it.
Tutorial on learning a computer should be written in the simplest and most in clear language with the maximum number of pictures.
It is advisable that at first you be advised by someone who is familiar with the computer.
If you use educational materials, do it gradually, do not get ahead of yourself and do not try to learn everything at once.

Essential skills for those who want to know how to master a computer:

correct switching on and off;
loading text editor and typing;
Internet access;
email and working with it;
working with search engines;
adequate perception of antivirus program signals.

An excellent opportunity for those who want to quickly learn how to use a computer is various audio and video courses, tutorials, trainings and special literature. The Internet is full of similar advertisements. Moreover, not all of the courses offered are paid. But there is one point: to take advantage of these offers you need to at least be able to turn on a computer, use the Internet and a browser. You can also ask one of your family members to help you master the basics of computer terminology and understand the buttons.

How to learn to use a computer?

In order to master the basics computer literacy you don't need to be a genius. Of course, you will have to assimilate a certain amount of information, understand some specific terms and the operating principle of several computer programs. Programs you need to know to fully use most useful functions computer:

operating room Windows system. The basis of a computer, without it it is just a piece of iron or plastic;
typing programs (for example, Notepad and Word);
programs for playing music and films (audio and video players);
programs that protect your computer (antivirus);
programs for accessing the Internet (Internet browsers);
archivers;
mail client, communication programs (for example, Skype or icq);
programs for viewing photographs, pictures, drawings;
programs for downloading information from the Internet;
cleaning programs extra files and to restore the system in case of failure.

If you want to learn how to work on a computer, you need to master at least the above programs. In fact, there are many more, but this is enough for you to start with.

How to learn to type on a computer?

In order to print, you will need to open Word. At first everything seems complicated. Briefly the basics of the program:

How to learn to type quickly on a computer?

There are two categories of people who type on a computer. Some do not take their eyes off the monitor (touch typing), others from the keyboard. Of course, touch typing is preferable, since you are not distracted by searching for the desired letter on the keyboard. But learning this method is also more difficult. In any case, when typing, you should use all ten fingers. It is best to first study the correct finger layout on the keyboard. Practice a little, perhaps use special training.

Nowadays, almost everyone has such a device as a laptop. For example, people... They also want to keep up with modern technologies. Therefore, this article will help you understand the basics of using a laptop.

The training system is divided into several stages.

First of all, it is worth mastering some computer concepts. Research shows that there is nothing difficult about using a laptop. However large number information instills fear about the impossibility of using the device. But here everything depends only on the wishes of the pensioner.

Mastering a laptop easily with video tutorials

Here are the first features of the laptop:

A clear advantage among communication devices is the program that provides free videos contacts with any subscriber around the world who has a computer with installed Skype and the Internet.
You can type text on it and then print it, and you can create a large number of copies without using carbon paper. If you make a mistake in the text, you do not need to use the eraser; you can simply delete it with one keystroke. So, a typewriter is no longer needed!
The laptop copes well with, or done on the phone. That is, he is able to edit, correct the necessary qualities, or remove some effects.
Using a laptop, you can send a letter to relatives or friends anywhere in the world.

As you already understand that you are a laptop user, the device itself has an operating system that has several versions. At the same time this system capable of performing many tasks. If the laptop is connected to the network, then it has a large number information that can be obtained from the results of a search query.

You can search for information on the Internet by specifying email address site or just its name in address bar. Remember, if you are looking for a site using an address, enter the characters very carefully; if even one letter or sign is entered incorrectly, you will be taken to a completely different site, and accordingly it provides different information.

The site address is always written in Latin characters. can be done using the combination of two keys “Alt+Shift”. Most Popular search engine considered Google. It is she who will provide a large selection of information that matches your request.

To carry out this or that operation, you can use hot keys or the mouse. They are a combination of keyboard buttons, sometimes there is only one button. This tool is mainly used by those who do not have the skills to use a mouse.

However, there is an opinion that in order to master a computer, at least entry level, it is not necessary to know all the principles of its operation and technical specifications. Computer programming doesn't have to be stressful.

Remember that the more often you return to a particular task on your laptop, the faster your use skills will become moderate.

The most difficult part is mastering the mouse. Double right click... Some one double click replaced with two single ones. However, these are completely different things. Therefore, a pensioner can stop at this stage of training for a certain period of time. But in the future, you can confidently make such a click with any number of clicks.

A laptop is no longer a luxury, so even an elderly person sometimes has to turn to it for help, since typewriters and paper letters have long been out of fashion and are much harder to use. This device can carry out a wide range of varied information.

For quicker and more understandable learning how to use a laptop, it is better to use training video courses recorded on DVDs. For a better idea of the course, watch the video review from Uncle Sasha. It's simple, easy and not expensive!

A good disk for mastering a laptop. Helped me a lot!

Alexander Sergeevich Kokovikhin, Kirov

After reading this article, the thought comes to mind that it is impossible to understand computer basics reading these recommendations not only for older people, but also for young people. It’s painful that everything is described in such a confusing way that you can’t understand anything.

It’s much easier to gain skills through visual examples while working in programs, watch grandpa’s review in the video clip, or, as a last resort, view screenshots (pictures from the monitor screen) with step-by-step explanations.

The most real current method remains when smart heads take you by the hand and lead you to the goal, forcing you to press the necessary keyboard keys, directing the mouse pointer for you, forcing you to click in the indicated places. But this method obliges your mentor to be with you all the time, being the most expensive of all training options.

Everyone who began to learn a new business or skill was faced with the fact that they had no idea in which direction to develop, where to move next and what the baggage of acquired skills should be. Learning a computer and working on it is also no exception for a beginner. Therefore, in this article, site experts will give advice to help you master computer work more easily and even from scratch.

Computers are now used everywhere, so the most important decisions are made on them. different tasks, ranging from accounting and design, to management of such important objects, such as nuclear power plants, automobile manufacturing and energy.

By including a computer in the medical tomograph and installing the appropriate diagnostic program on the computer, it will be possible to examine the body. Install it on the same computer accounting program, and he will keep records of finances. Therefore, we can conclude: depending on what programs you install on your computer, you will be able to solve such problems on it.

Where to start to master a computer?

is a universal machine on which anyone can solve their problems. Therefore, there are basic computer skills that every user should have. Each computer program, despite all their current abundance and specialization, also has a standard appearance or interface. All this helps the user quickly master working on the computer.

One more conclusion can be drawn: basic skills in working with universal programs are also used in specialized programs. This makes it easier to work with a computer, and, if necessary, to learn new programs.

This means that the easiest way to master working on a computer is to learn basic skills and knowledge. Below is a list of basic skills:

the ability to create, open, copy, edit, move, delete a folder, document or file. A novice user should know the difference between a folder and a file or document, how files are stored and how to properly store them on a hard drive.

use, since now almost every computer is connected to the Internet. Therefore, the security of your computer and the data stored in it must be at a high level.

use the Internet, in other words - find necessary information, use e-mail, programs designed to communicate with other people.

use various multimedia programs designed for viewing and listening to multimedia files. Multimedia files can be of the most various formats, so sometimes they need to be converted from one format to another. This is called conversion, and for this there are various programs - converters.

As a rule, working on a computer requires the simultaneous use of all these skills. For example, you need to find required document on the Internet, save it on your computer and send it via email to a friend.

Since working on a computer is individual, each user decides for himself what programs should be on the computer. This means that it is advisable to be able to install them or install them, in another way, independently. Accordingly, delete it if necessary.

What else do you need to know about a computer to master it?

User programs or application programs themselves cannot be installed or used without an operating system. This is the main and control program, which allows the user to customize the computer according to his taste and preferences.

The operating system is also link between user programs and computer hardware. The operating system, controlling the computer, allocates the necessary resources for application programs: processor time and RAM.

Thus, the user must not only be able to use application programs, but it is also desirable to be able to configure the computer using the operating system. For example, the resolution and bit depth of the screen color palette. Or work with hard drives: Disk defragmentation for more fast work, checking disks and correcting errors, cleaning disks from unnecessary files to increase free space and speed.

In the future, after gaining sufficient experience, you can learn on your own

What user level is this course designed for?

This course is designed for novice users, and for those who know how to work in the operating system and are familiar with some programs, but do not know how to assemble a computer, replace devices or install Windows, drivers, etc. And also for those who decide to expand their knowledge in the field of computer literacy.

All lessons from the course were tested on my friends who knew how to use a computer, but their knowledge was very limited.
Of these there were: one accountant, one secretary, two gamer neighbors and my father, who bought himself a computer literally three days before the completion of recording this course.

When my father bought a computer, using its components (in disassembled form), he was able to assemble it himself after watching the first discs of the course.

As I recorded the material, I gave all the above-mentioned people my video lessons, and today, they have a basic understanding of computer components, install and reinstall the operating system, drivers and programs. And of course, they work on the computer without any problems.

So, what does the whole course consist of?

In this course, I will not focus on one operating system, I will not tediously talk about various functions programs that are unlikely to be accessed by anyone... Also, I won’t talk about outdated devices and ports... These devices are outdated and out of use... I don’t think it’s necessary to waste your time studying “ Computer history" I will also not talk about rarely used devices, or devices intended for a limited group of users.

And yet, I got it
the largest and most complete Russian-language course on computers.

In this course, I will try to give only the most necessary information. So that you can fully, independently, without any help from outsiders, understand the computer, operating system and software.

The entire course is divided into topics. Naturally, you can view it in its entirety, or you can view only the topics that interest you.

Even if you are now interested in only one or a couple of topics from this course, this does not mean that tomorrow you will not be interested in some more.

You can always insert a disc and watch a lesson on a topic that interests you.

The following courses are recorded on the discs:

Disc 1."Iron" - Theory and practice
62 lessons. Duration: 3 hours 35 minutes

In this course, we will look at the types of computers, consider and select devices, analyze their purpose, installation and connection, and also consider the step-by-step assembly and disassembly of the computer system unit.

The disc is recorded in DVD-Video format. This means that you can view this disc both on your computer and on a home DVD player. This disk can be used as reference material, for example, if your computer fails...

Disc 2."Operating systems" - Theory and practice
29 lessons. Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes

In this course we will look at all kinds of operating systems. Let's install operating systems such as Windows XP and Windows 7. Let's understand the basics BIOS settings. Let's learn how to boot from removable media such as CD, DVD and Flash card.

Disc 3."Operating systems" - Settings
34 lessons. Duration: 13 hours 44 minutes

In this course, we'll look at how Right configure operating systems such as Windows XP and Windows 7 (these lessons may be applicable to other operating systems in the Windows line). Let's deal with installing drivers, creating backup copy system disk to restore the system in case of failures...

Disc 4."Programs and utilities" - Installation, Configuration, Operation...
19 lessons. Duration: 12 hours 53 minutes

In this course, we will install, configure and understand how to work in various programs... Let's look at where, how and what programs are best to install... We'll look at how to work with archivers, how to burn discs, how to work with video, sound and images, how to work with text documents And e-books, how to work on the Internet, with websites and mail, and what programs we may need for this, we’ll figure it out computer security etc...

This disc is intended for viewing on a computer. The lessons are made in the format of WMV files that can be opened with any player in the Windows environment.