• Image warping · Understood about CorelDRAW. 'Distort' command in Photoshop

    Today, processing photos in Photoshop.

    In one of them, the model’s dress bulged in the belly area, in all photographs it looked good, but in this one the model seemed a little pregnant

    I didn’t want to send the photo to the trash bin because... the face turned out well - expressive, emotional.

    How to fix part of the toilet?

    I remembered about a tool that I use extremely rarely. So rare that I even forgot where to look for it

    I asked Yandex and found an article, a copy of which I post below.

    Source: http://www.tepka.ru/pho7/266.html

    Photoshop lessons

    Team Liquify

    In Photoshop team Liquify(Distort) allows you to twist, bend, stretch, and otherwise deform the image layer.

    Same as with the command Extract(Extract), in the command dialog box Liquify there is a preview window in which you can see the entire image (Fig. 19.1).

    You can only deform or reconstruct an image using a brush, the size of which and the degree of impact on the image are adjustable (similar to other types of brushes in Photoshop). You can also use the tool Freeze(Freeze) to prevent certain areas of the image from being distorted, similar to using a mask. If you want to partially or completely undo the distortions that were introduced, use the tool Reconstruct(Reconstruct). The changes you make will not become permanent until you click the button. OK and don't close the window.

    Rice. 19.1. Command Dialog Box Liquify after using the tool Twirl Clockwise

    Warping an Image Using the Liquify Command

    To be on the safe side, work with a duplicate layer or take a snapshot of the original image using the palette History(Story).

    1. Select the layer whose contents you want to distort. When the checkbox is activated Backdrop tool action Liquify can be extended to only one of several layers of choice, and not to all, as provided by default. At the same time, in the field Opality(Opacity) You can also adjust the layer's transparency. Team Liquify(Distort) only works on a raster layer and cannot be applied to an editable text layer or a shape layer.
    2. Select a team Liquify in the menu Filter(Filter) or press the key combination Ctrl+Shift+X.
    3. For deformation given image use the dialog box tools Liquify(Fig. 19.2). First in the section Tool Options(Tool options) (Fig. 19.3) enter the brush size (parameter Brush Size), setting the value in the range from 1 to 600 pixels, as well as the amount of brush pressure (parameter Brush Pressure) from 1 to 100% and the magnitude of noise fluctuations (parameter Turbulent Jitter) to determine how the image will be distorted. These three options apply to all command tools Liquify. If you are using a tablet, you can check the box Stylus Pressure(Pen Pressure) to allow pen pressure to affect the parameter value Brush Pressure.

    Rice. 19.2. Tools in the Dialog Box Liquify

    Rice. 19.3. Chapter Tool Options dialog box Liquify

    Rice. 19.4. Chapter Freeze Options dialog box Liquify

    1. Optional. Activate the tool Freeze(Freeze) by clicking on the tool icon (second from bottom) or pressing the key F to mask out certain areas of the image that should not be distorted. Next, select a color from the drop-down list Freeze Color(Mask color) in section View Options(Viewing modes). The default color is red, the same color is used when working with quick mask. Paint over those areas that should be left in their current state. If an error occurs, proceed to the next step.
    2. Optional. To remove protection from masked (“frozen”) areas, activate the tool Thaw(Unfreeze), hotkey T, and draw with it.
      • to invert the mask, click on the button Invert(Invert) in section Freeze Area(mask area);
      • To remove the mask from the entire image (making the entire image editable again), click the button Thaw All(Thaw everything) - see fig. 19.4;
      • to hide a mask created using the tool Freeze(Freeze), uncheck Show Frozen Areas(Show Masked Areas) under View Options(Viewing modes).
      • tool Warp(Warp)-key W- shifts the points in the direction of brush movement (Fig. 19.5, the arrow shows the direction of brush movement);
      • tool Turbulence(Excitement) - key A or tool icon - moves the points apart in the direction of brush movement. The image in the area of ​​​​action of the brush looks as if blurred by water (Fig. 19.6);
      • tools Twirl Clockwise(Twist clockwise) - key R or a tool icon - and Twirl Counterclockwise(Twist counterclockwise) - key L or tool icon - rotate pixels while you hold down the mouse button or drag the image. The larger the parameter value Brush Pressure(Brush pressure), the faster the rotation occurs (Fig. 19.1);

    Rice. 19.5. Warp

    Rice. 19.6. Result of using the tool Turbulence

    Rice. 19.7. Result of using the tool Pucker

    Rice. 19.8. Result of using the tool Reflection

      • tools Pucker(Fold) - key R or pictogram Bloat(Bloat) - key IN or tool icon - move points towards the center of the brush or in the opposite direction while you hold down the mouse button or drag the image (Fig. 19.7). The larger the parameter value Brush Pressure(Brush pressure), the faster the dots move;
      • tool Shift Pixels(Pixel Shift) - key S— moves pixels in a certain direction, depending on the direction of brush movement. By default, pixels are shifted to the left of the brush direction. Pressing a key Alt, you can move them to the right;
      • tool Reflection(Reflection) - key M— copies the points to the left of the brush direction line and moves them into the area of ​​effect of this tool, but only in a “reflected” form. In Fig. 19.8 shows how the tool Reflection was used to move the Seine River closer to the Eiffel Tower in the image. The result is a magnificent reflection effect. It only took two brush strokes.

    The specified tool used points to the right of the top line (upper stroke) and to the left of the bottom line (stroke). Pressing a key Alt, you can copy points on the opposite side relative to the position of the brush (Fig. 19.9).


    Try to freeze the area whose points you want to reflect, and then use the tool Reflection(Reflection).

    1. In order to partially or completely cancel the action of a command Liquify(Distort), follow the instructions in this chapter, section "Image Reconstruction".
    2. Click the button OK to fix changes made and return to the image window.


    To apply the tool Freeze to a specific area, select it before you use the command Liquify(Distort). Save the selection in the alpha channel, then use the command Liquify from the menu Image(Image) and then in the pop-up menu Channel(Channel) section Freeze Area(Mask area) find the alpha channel. You can click the button Invert

    Rice. 19.9. Result of using the tool Reflection when the key is pressed Alt

    In Photoshop teamLiquify(Distort) allows you to twist, bend, stretch, and otherwise deform the image layer.

    Same as with the commandExtract(Extract), in the command dialog boxLiquifythere is a preview window in which you can see the entire image (Fig. 19.1).

    You can only deform or reconstruct an image using a brush, the size of which and the degree of impact on the image are adjustable (similar to other types of brushes in Photoshop). You can also use the toolFreeze(Freeze) to prevent certain areas of the image from being distorted, similar to using a mask. If you want to partially or completely undo the distortions that were introduced, use the toolReconstruct(Reconstruct). The changes you make will not become permanent until you click the button.OKand don't close the window.

    Rice. 19.1. Command Dialog Box Liquify after using the tool Twirl Clockwise to the image of the Eiffel Tower

    Warping an Image Using the Liquify Command

    To be on the safe side, work with a duplicate layer or take a snapshot of the original image using the paletteHistory(Story).

    1. Select the layer whose contents you want to distort. When the checkbox is activatedBackdroptool actionLiquifycan be extended to only one of several layers of choice, and not to all, as provided by default. At the same time, in the fieldOpality(Opacity) You can also adjust the layer's transparency. TeamLiquify(Distort) only works on a raster layer and cannot be applied to an editable text layer or a shape layer.
    2. Select a teamLiquify in the menu Filter(Filter) or press the key combinationCtrl+Shift+X.
    3. To deform a given image, use the tools in the dialog boxLiquify(Fig. 19.2). First in the sectionTool Options(Tool options) (Fig. 19.3) enter the brush size (parameterBrush Size), setting the value in the range from 1 to 600 pixels, as well as the amount of brush pressure (parameterBrush Pressure) from 1 to 100% and the magnitude of noise fluctuations (parameterTurbulent Jitter) to determine how the image will be distorted. These three options apply to all command toolsLiquify. If you are using a tablet, you can check the boxStylus Pressure(Pen Pressure) to allow pen pressure to affect the parameter valueBrush Pressure.

    Rice. 19.2. Tools in the Dialog Box Liquify

    Rice. 19.3. ChapterTool Options dialog box Liquify

    Rice. 19.4. ChapterFreeze Options dialog box Liquify

    1. Optional.Activate the toolFreeze(Freeze) by clicking on the tool icon (second from bottom) or pressing the keyFto mask out certain areas of the image that should not be distorted. Next, select a color from the drop-down listFreeze Color(Mask color) in sectionView Options(Viewing modes). The default color is red, the same color used when working with a quick mask. Paint over those areas that should be left in their current state. If an error occurs, proceed to the next step.
    2. Optional.To remove protection from masked (“frozen”) areas, activate the toolThaw(Unfreeze), hotkeyT, and draw with it.
    3. Do any of the following:
      • to invert the mask, click on the buttonInvert(Invert) in sectionFreeze Area(mask area);
      • To remove the mask from the entire image (making the entire image editable again), click the buttonThaw All(Thaw everything) - see fig. 19.4;
      • to hide a mask created using the toolFreeze(Freeze), uncheckShow Frozen Areas(Show Masked Areas) underView Options(Viewing modes).
    4. Activate one of the distortion tools (press the corresponding hotkey) and draw on the image in the dialog box. The tool capabilities are listed below:
      • tool Warp(Warp)-keyW- shifts the points in the direction of brush movement (Fig. 19.5, the arrow shows the direction of brush movement);
      • tool Turbulence(Excitement) - keyAor tool icon - moves the points apart in the direction of brush movement. The image in the area of ​​​​action of the brush looks as if blurred by water (Fig. 19.6);
      • tools Twirl Clockwise(Twist clockwise) - keyRor a tool icon - andTwirl Counterclockwise(Twist counterclockwise) - keyLor tool icon - rotate pixels while you hold down the mouse button or drag the image. The larger the parameter valueBrush Pressure(Brush pressure), the faster the rotation occurs (Fig. 19.1);

    Rice. 19.5. Warp

    Rice. 19.6. Result of using the tool Turbulence

    Rice. 19.7. Result of using the tool Pucker

    Rice. 19.8. Result of using the tool Reflection

      • tools Pucker(Fold) - keyRor pictogramBloat(Bloat) - keyINor tool icon - move points towards the center of the brush or in the opposite direction while you hold down the mouse button or drag the image (Fig. 19.7). The larger the parameter valueBrush Pressure(Brush pressure), the faster the dots move;
      • tool Shift Pixels(Pixel Shift) - keyS— moves pixels in a certain direction, depending on the direction of brush movement. By default, pixels are shifted to the left of the brush direction. Pressing a keyAlt, you can move them to the right;
      • tool Reflection(Reflection) - keyM— copies the points to the left of the brush direction line and moves them into the area of ​​effect of this tool, but only in a “reflected” form. In Fig. 19.8 shows how the toolReflectionwas used to move the Seine River closer to the Eiffel Tower in the image. The result is a magnificent reflection effect. It only took two brush strokes.

    The specified tool used points to the right of the top line (upper stroke) and to the left of the bottom line (stroke). Pressing a keyAlt, you can copy points on the opposite side relative to the position of the brush (Fig. 19.9).

    Try to freeze the area whose points you want to reflect, and then use the tool Reflection (Reflection).

    1. In order to partially or completely cancel the action of a commandLiquify(Distort), follow the instructions in this chapter, section "Image Reconstruction".
    2. Click the buttonOKto commit your changes and return to the image window.

    To apply the tool Freeze to a specific area, select it before you use the command Liquify (Distort). Save the selection in the alpha channel, then use the command Liquify from the menuImage (Image) and then in the pop-up menu Channel (Channel) sectionFreeze Area (Mask area) find the alpha channel. You can click the button Invert (Invert) to swap masked and unmasked areas of the image.

    Rice. 19.9. Result of using the tool Reflection when the key is pressed Alt

    Note. To use " Deformations", you need to go to the " Transformation» clicking Ctrl+T.


    The Warp tool in Photoshop is very good tool, if you use it wisely.


    1. Create new document: 1920 on 1080 px. Download:


    2. Now, in ancient cities and deserts, find and download. Remove white background, move the image down, then desaturate the lamp Ctrl+Shift+U(and stop rubbing it already - I transplanted the gin to another place earlier):

    3. You need to add a shadow under the lamp. Create below new layer and call it " Lamp Shadow" tool () create a selection as shown below:

    4. Let's blend the selection a little: click Ctrl+Alt+D and enter the number in the field that appears 3 , then fill the selection with black:

    5. Move the shadow a little to the right:


    6. Now, before we start adding and warping the fire, it would be wise to designate a bend in the future direction in which we will apply it (the fire). This will be a kind of example-blank, which we will use as a guide when working. Create a new layer above the others, name it " start stroke", and then using tool(), draw the path as shown:


    7. Select the brush, open the settings palette ( F5) and prepare it for the future stroke along the drawn path:

    8. While on the layer " Start Stroke» select tool () and right-click, select the item in the menu that appears Stroke path...(Stroke the outline). Next, as shown in the screenshot:

    9. Lower Opacity(Opacity) of this layer to 10%-20% :


    10. Download the image and open it in Photoshop. Go to palette Channels( (Window - Channels)) and duplicate the red channel:


    11. With a copy of the red channel selected, apply curves to it Ctrl+M or (), the settings are shown below:


    12. Now, holding down the key Ctrl, click on this channel to get a selection or do it through the menu (Selection - Load Selection) and click OK:


    13. Now click Ctrl+~, return to palette Layer(Layers / F7), copy selection Ctrl+C and paste it into the main working document. Name this layer " fire flame»:



    Warping images is a fairly common technique in Photoshop. The functionality of the program includes many options for distorting objects - from simple “flattening” to giving the picture the appearance of a water surface or smoke.

    It is important to understand that deformation can significantly degrade image quality, so you should use such tools with caution.

    In this lesson we will look at several methods of deformation.

    Several methods are used to deform objects in Photoshop. Let's list the main ones.

    • Additional feature "Free Transformation" called "Deformation";
    • Puppet deformation . Quite a specific tool, but at the same time quite interesting;
    • Filters from the block "Distortion" the corresponding menu;
    • Plugin "Plastic".

    In the lesson we will mock this pre-prepared image:

    Method 1: Warp

    As already stated above, "Deformation" is an addition to « Free transformation» , which is called by a hotkey combination CTRL+T, or from the menu "Editing".

    The function we need is in context menu, which opens after right-clicking when activated "Free transformation".

    "Deformation" imposes a mesh with special properties on an object.

    On the grid we see several markers, acting on which can distort the picture. In addition, all grid nodes are also functional, including segments bounded by lines. It follows from this that you can deform the image by pulling any point that is inside the frame.

    The parameters are applied in the usual way– by pressing a key ENTER.

    Method 2: Puppet Warp

    Located "Puppet Warp" in the same place as all the transformation tools - in the menu "Editing".

    The principle of operation is to fix certain points of the image with special "pins", with the help of one of which deformation is performed. The remaining points remain motionless.

    Pins can be placed in any place, guided by needs.

    The tool is interesting because it can be used to distort objects with maximum control over the process.

    Method 3: Distortion filters

    The filters in this block are designed to deform images in various ways.

    1. Wave.
      This plugin allows you to distort an object either manually or randomly. It’s difficult to advise anything here, since the images different shapes behave differently. Great for creating smoke and other similar effects.

    2. Distortion.
      The filter allows you to simulate convexity or concavity of planes. In some cases, it can help eliminate camera lens distortion.

    3. Zigzag.
      "Zigzag" creates the effect of intersecting waves. On straight elements it fully lives up to its name.

    4. Curvature.
      Very similar to "Deformation" instrument, with the only difference being that it has much fewer degrees of freedom. With it you can quickly create arcs from straight lines.

    5. Spherization.
      Action plugin reverse action filter "Distortion".

    Method 4: Plastic surgery

    This plugin is a universal “deformer” of any objects. Its possibilities are endless. By using "Plastics" you can perform almost all the actions described above. Read more about the filter in the lesson.

    These are the ways to deform images in Photoshop. Most often they use the first one - the function "Deformation", but at the same time, other options may help in any specific situation.

    Practice using all types of distortion to improve your skills in our favorite program.

    For the first time, the Warp tool appeared in the arsenal graphic editor Adobe Photoshop in version CS2. In the same version, the “Vanishing point” tool disappeared. And from that moment on, we had the opportunity to distort part of the image or the entire image, as well as transfer objects to digital image new forms. You may have seen in photographs the curved edges of sheets, letters, and books. Perhaps these effects were made after the photo was taken, using the Warp command.

    How useful is the Warp tool for the modern photographer?

    Before answering this question, you need to understand what you specialize in as an artist and how deeply you go into retouching your images. Many photographers solve all the basic issues of creativity in the process of photography and limit themselves to simple techniques for correcting photographs. The less you sit at the computer, the more time you have for photography. I also belong to this group of photographers. However, I rarely get perfect images that require minimal intervention in post-processing. But if you create composite images, do deep retouching, or just want to learn more about the possibilities Adobe programs Photoshop, then you should read this article to the end. Here I have selected for you four situations where the Warp tool will help solve some problems.

    How do I access the Warp tool?

    To access the Warp tool, you will first have to create a duplicate layer. You cannot apply this tool to the background layer. Then from the main menu Edit, call the command Transform > Warp (English version - Edit > Transform > Warp).

    Also, the Warp tool can be accessed using the hotkeys CMD + T on a Mac or CTRL + T on a PC. This keyboard shortcut will bring up the Free Transform tool, and to go to Warp Necessary, you need to switch to this mode using the button in the tool settings, or use the right mouse button to bring up the context menu.

    After you activate the Warp tool, a grid with nine sectors and control points will appear on the image. The four corner points are controlled in the same way as Bezier curves in the Pen tool. As soon as you start moving the corner point, two control levers immediately appear. Points located inside the image at the intersections of lines can be moved in any direction. In addition, this instrument includes several presets.

    Which is better: the Warp tool or the Liquify filter and can they replace each other?

    When it comes to distorting specific areas of an image, each of these tools is quite good at certain cases. But each has its own specific capabilities that no other tool has, and they need to be used depending on the task at hand. For example, “Warp” is good in cases where a small object in a photo needs to be transformed, but the surrounding objects cannot be distorted.

    The Liquify filter does not work with smart objects in versions of Photoshop prior to CS6. Also, distortion using the Liquify filter is similar to the blur effect.

    4 Examples of Using the Warp Tool

    1. Drawing objects onto cylindrical objects

    The Warp tool is great for applying text, logos, textures to the surface of cylindrical and round surfaces such as a bottle, ball, pipe. The following example shows a bicycle frame: more precisely, its front part. I intentionally took the photo using a wide angle lens to highlight the rounded shape of the front hub. I then removed part of the logo to illustrate the process of applying new text to a complex surface. The text “BMX” was written on a new layer, which was converted into a smart object and deformed in a similar way to the existing text. In order to give the new text a realistic look, I used the “Blend If” function.

    You can use the Warp tool to wrap a texture around a circular object.

    2. Duplicate elements of a photograph with distortion so that there are no patterns

    The Clone Stamp tool is very useful when you need to duplicate part of an image. But it has one drawback. Elements of the same type appear in photographs, which does not have a very good effect on visual perception. However, if you want cloned separate areas images, you can do this and then use the Warp tool to modify them. This way you will get rid of the monotony of photographic elements. In the next photo I used a heron's claw to create four claws on the owl's feet.

    3. Retouching - Adding elements

    The word “retouching” can mean a lot, but it usually means that part of the image will be modified. For example, removing age spots, moles, acne from a model’s face. It could also be removing distracting elements from a photo. And this list can be continued as long as desired.

    How about adding something new to the image? Like, for example, I did by adding more fur to the hood of the jacket. Using the Warp tool, I selected a section of fur, copied it to a separate layer and modified it the way I wanted. And with the help of a layer mask, hard transitions between layers were hidden.

    4. Retouching - removing elements

    The “Plastic” filter is a favorite tool of many retouchers for correcting a model’s figure. The tool is very useful, but it will take a lot of training to master it at a professional level. Therefore, I believe that in order to make your figure slimmer, “Deformation” is quite suitable.

    In the next photo there are small problems in the man's waist area, the so-called "love handles". We create quick selection desired area of ​​the image using the “ Rectangular selection" Using the keyboard shortcut Cmd + J on a Mac or Ctrl + J on a PC, create a new layer with the selected area of ​​the image. Convert this layer into a smart object and activate the Warp tool. We make the changes we need and use a layer mask to hide hard transitions between layers.

    Be careful when using warp tools. Do everything carefully. Often, only a small correction will lead you to the desired result.

    And lastly, I made a fun gif animation of a photograph of a cow, on which I made some changes: the nose was reduced, the eyes were enlarged, and the cheeks were made slimmer. And all this using the Warp tool.

    I'm not good at writing step by step instructions, Honestly. A long time ago, I remember, I wrote. Today’s reason to pick up a saber is caused by the blatant injustice that reigns in the vastness of photo sites, zhezheshechki and other places where photographs are collected. You and I are all white, fluffy, and we know that blocking the horizon is a terrible sin and the lot of noobs and losers. Quite often we see the laconic comment of home-grown photo critics “the horizon is littered” and often we ourselves approve of their verdict, but for some reason few people care about the distorted perspective. Yes, yes, I’m talking about those strange parallelepipeds, parallelograms and other trapezoids in photographs where buildings and structures should be. As for me, they often look as shameful in architectural photographs as a littered horizon. Moreover, correcting this misunderstanding, in general, is not much more difficult than “straightening” the notorious horizon. And today I will tell you about three simple ways to correct perspective distortions.


    For example, in the most arrogant way, let's take a random photo of a famous travel photographer frantsouzov from his post about the Lyakhovo estate. Here is at least this image of the building facade:

    What I said - a little more and the shape of the building will begin to resemble the Egyptian pyramids. It's time to try the namba one method. Almost all we need is a tool Crop (trimming). Open the image in Photoshop, select this tool and use it to outline the entire image. Next, check the box Perspective in the tool settings panel.

    Yes, I almost forgot. You may find the guides helpful. These are lines along which we can check the parallelism and perpendicularity we need. If rulers are not displayed in your Photoshop window (see screenshot below), click Ctrl+R. Next, simply point the mouse anywhere on the ruler and, without releasing it, drag it to the picture. Release the mouse at the desired position. The first guide will appear. You can create any number of them. If they bother you, press Ctrl+H and they will disappear. Click again and they will appear again.

    After this optional preparation, we choose, in fact, the one described above crop tool. We grab the corners of the photo with the mouse and do something similar.

    As soon as it's ready, poke enter and we get this picture.

    We “straightened” the walls, but the building turned out to be somehow flattened. Not ice. We literally do the following: select the entire picture ( Ctrl+A), turn on the tool " Free transform" (free transformation) and simply pull our jeep with the mouse by the top anchor until the height of the building suits us.

    This is what we ended up with. All these manipulations blur the picture a little, so you need to work with a full-size file, and not like me with a small picture with a resolution of 72 dpi. However, we now see the building, so to speak, almost as the human eye sees it. At least I hope so. The picture, of course, is cropped “too tightly,” but this is just an example. In addition, you can initially, at the shooting stage, try to “take” a little wider, implying future cropping.

    Let's move on to the Namba Tu method. Let's use a special filter, hidden so far away that “many” Photoshop users have never heard of it.

    Open the filter window Lens Correction. Moving the block sliders Transform and controlling the result on the grid, remove perspective distortions. In the dropdown list Edge choose what the program should do with those parts of the photo that now seem to be missing. I chose the option for them to be transparent. Option Edge Extension when the edges are automatically filled by stretching the corners, in in this example doesn't fit. Then it looks too unrealistic. With less distortion, sometimes a passable result comes out, so try both options and choose the best one. Also pay attention to the slider Remove Distortion. Sometimes, after manipulating the perspective, the picture becomes convex. This misunderstanding is easily removed with this very slider. In our example this was not required.

    Next we need a tool again Crop tool. Tick ​​with Perspective needs to be removed. We simply crop out, so to speak, defective areas in the photo. I also cut off some space above the roof of the building.

    So, the result of the second method.

    For greater clarity, let's compare original photo and both received pictures.

    The first and second options, as for me, are very similar, but the source code with such “neighbors” seems even stranger. It was as if, on the contrary, someone was tormenting him in Photoshop, trying to throw him to the ground. However, let's take a look at the third method of correcting perspective distortions. It is done, in general, according to the same principle. The same eggs, only in profile. Select the entire image( Ctrl+A), in the menu Edit select an item Transform, and there, you won’t believe it, the team Perspective. Next, you should drag the mouse over the corners of the photo card and draw something similar to my illustration. Click enter, we see a picture again similar to those obtained by the first two methods.

    What can be concluded here? All three methods are probably identical in terms of labor costs, so choose to use any of them. I note that the first method is especially good for “straightening” pictures, signs, and the like taken from the side. It will look something like this:

    The result will be this picture.

    Jipeg, by the way, is a random one issued by Yandex for the request “painting in a museum.” Here is the author of the photo, if anything.
    Well, I say goodbye to you. I hope the lesson will be useful. I know exactly one user who has already followed my advice and his photos have become even better. This d_a_ck9 . I recommend it, and if something is not clear, ask.

    N.B. . If, due to some of your moral, ethical or even political convictions, you are of the opinion that correcting perspective distortions is not necessary, I will answer you that you are simply lazy and nothing more. Yes, there are times when distortion, on the contrary, adds charm to photographs (the same fishy), but I don’t to a greater extent about, so to speak, protocol architectural and interior photography. I quote the pedivics for the most stubborn: " With this type of photography, the main task is in true and accurate display of the form of the building, decoration, sculptures and decorative elements. Of fundamental importance for architectural photography is the verticality and straightness of vertical and straight lines. To do this, the optical axis of the lens must be horizontal, and the plane of the photographic material or matrix must be vertical and in no case tilted."

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