Setting up remote computer activation. WOL: Adventures of the “Magic Pack”

Modern technologies They are becoming more and more convenient, for example, turning on the computer we need, while being kilometers away from it without pressing a button. Wake-on-LAN has been around for a long time, so let's take a look at how it works and how to enable it.

What is Wake-on-LAN?

Wake-on-LAN is an industry standard protocol for turning on (waking up) computers remotely that have standby power. The definition of standby power is a mode in which the computer is turned off, but the indication on the motherboard indicates that it has power and at the same time it has the ability to start the power supply. The same protocol allows you to organize an additional feature: Wake-on-Wireless-LAN - waking up from a wireless network.

Wake-on-LAN depends on two things: your motherboard and your network card. Yours motherboard must be connected to an ATX-compatible power supply, which is the case in most cases. Your network or wireless network card should also support this functionality. Since this feature is configured in the BIOS and in the network card, there is no need for additional special software to enable it. Computer support for Wake-on-LAN is very common, even for older models. However, in newer computer models you can find in BIOS additional options that will help you turn on your computer specific schedule or time. This, of course, is not technically Wake-on-LAN, but it further expands the functionality of the computer.

If you assembled the computer yourself, then know that a discrete network card also requires connecting a special 3-pin cable to the motherboard to support the Wake-on-LAN function.

Magic package.

Computers with the Wake-on-LAN function enabled, in order to turn on, wait for a special “magic packet” from the network, which will contain their own MAC addresses. This magical package can be sent with either operating system on a different platform, and from a website or router. Typical ports that are used for Wake-on-LAN are UDP 7 and 9. Since the computer “listens” to the network for the appearance of a magic packet, it consumes energy, although it is small, but it does consume it, which can negatively affect the battery level in the laptop . Therefore, if you are somewhere on the road and you do not need this function at that moment, then you need to make sure that it is disabled.

The magic packet is usually sent to the network itself and contains various sub-network information, the network broadcast address and the MAC address of the network adapter the desired computer. Moreover, it makes no difference what kind of adapter it is, wired or wireless. The picture above shows the result of the packet catching utility, which was used to catch the magic packet. This example shows how safe it is to use unsecured networks and the Internet. Many motherboard manufacturers, along with the Wake-on-LAN function, provide specialized software to simplify the setup and use of this function.

How to enable Wake-on-LAN.

BIOS

Most older computers, as well as many modern ones, contain a Wake-on-LAN setting in the BIOS. Depending on the type or model of the motherboard, it is possible to get into the BIOS by pressing the F2 or Del key during boot. The Wake-on-LAN settings should be in the following BIOS menus: Power Management or Advanced Options, or something like that.

Although there are computers that do not have the Wake-on-LAN setting in the BIOS, this does not always mean that they do not support it. It happens that you simply need to enable this function in the operating system itself.

Windows

Click the Start key and search for “Computer Management.” Find your device from the list of devices network adapter.

Right-click on it, select “Properties” from the menu, and then find the “Advanced” tab.

Scroll down the list and find the next item “Wake on Magic Packet” or something like that, and set the value to “Enabled”. Click on the OK button when finished.

OS X

Open the window System Settings» (System Settings) and select Energy Saver.

In the Options tab you should see the phrase “Wake on Ethernet” or something similar. This option enables the Wake-on-LAN feature.

Linux

Ubuntu has an excellent utility that will help you determine whether your motherboard supports Wake-on-LAN and, if so, enable it. Launch a terminal and install the "ethtool" utility using the following command:

sudo apt-get install ethtool

You can check the possibility enabling Wake-on-LAN using the command:

sudo ethtool eth0

Where eth0 is the name of your network interface that you use by default.

Look at the section called "Supports Wake-on" (it's 3rd from the bottom). If you see the letter “g” opposite, this means that you can use the Magic Package for the Wake-on-LAN function. To enable it use the following command:

sudo ethtool -s eth0 wol g

After that, enter the previous command to check whether the Wake-on-LAN feature is now connected. Look at the "Wake on" section (it's 2nd from the bottom), you should now see a "g" instead of a "d".

Sending a Magic Package.

To submit an inducement request, you need to know some parameters.

Namely: this is directly the MAC address of the computer, its Internet address or host name, as well as the subnet mask where this computer is located. And you must know and enter the port number that the switched off remote computer is “listening to.”

You can download the program for sending a Magic Package using the following link:

Currently, the ACPI specification is being developed and maintained by the international organization UEFI Forum. The section on the ACPI specification contains a complete set of documentation, starting with version ACPI 1.0 and ending with the latest version accepted at the moment (as of English).

The ACPI specification defines system states, denoted as Gn - global states, and Sn - sleep states, which correspond to their own level of power consumption in decreasing order. Those. condition S1 corresponds to maximum consumption, and S5- minimal.

G0(Working) - normal operation.

G1(Suspend, Sleeping, Sleeping Legacy) - the machine is turned off, but the current system context is saved, operation can be continued without rebooting. For each device, the “degree of information loss” during the process of falling asleep is determined, as well as where the information should be stored and from where it will be read upon awakening, and the time to awaken from one state to another (for example, from sleep to work state). Level of electricity consumption and depth of the “sleep” state Sn are defined as follows:

The forum often receives various questions. Whenever possible, they are answered promptly. And sometimes, the number of questions with the same content begins to go off scale. And this phenomenon did not bypass the Wake-On-Lan technology, which was implemented on a lot of motherboards manufactured by GIGABYTE.

Today's example with pictures will be an attempt to bring some clarity to the specifics of setting up and working with WOL. What Wake-On-Lan is and why it is needed can be found on the all-knowing Wikipedia website:

I'll start with the configuration. The following equipment was used:

GIGABYTE GA-Z77X-D3H motherboard

CPU Intel Core i5 -2300

Intel BOX Cooler

RAM Kingston KHX11000D3LL/2G connected to DDR3_1 slot

Drive wd1002faex

Power supply CFT-1000G-DF

operating room Windows system 7 Professional x64

So, it is considered that the system is assembled, tested, works properly and is included in the local network. However, to guarantee correct settings in the UEFI environment, it is still necessary to bring it to uniformity and harmony. To do this, you need to perform a CMOS clearing procedure. This is done by shorting the two CLR_CMOS pins using a metal jumper WITH AN ABSOLUTELY DE-ENERGED SYSTEM. But we used the proven, old-fashioned method and closed the contacts with a screwdriver☺

For details on the CMOS clearing procedure, see official manual to the system board.

Afterwards, the system turns on, and subsequently a message is displayed on the screen indicating that the BIOS reboot has been completed, and you are prompted to select the right option actions. The third one is selected - entering the BIOS settings menu.

After resetting the CMOS, all parameters are returned to the factory settings and, therefore, the possibility that some settings affected the WOL functions necessary for correct operation is excluded.

In a UEFI environment, you need to switch to Advanced mode (where there are no beautiful views of the board). This is done by pressing the F1 key. Next, you need to go to the Power Management menu and make sure that the ErP parameter (it is responsible for the WOL functionality) is set to Disabled. If not installed, you need to install it.

So, in the operating system environment, it is necessary to prepare the Ethernet adapter to “listen” to the airwaves in order to receive the “magic packet”. This package is specifically designed to transfer a computer from S5 mode to S0 mode at the right time, without physical user intervention. To do this, you need to perform the following adapter settings. Let’s go to the computer’s management menu by right-clicking on the “Computer” icon on the desktop and selecting “manage”:

Go to the “advanced” tab. There we select the “WOL Magic Package” option. It must be turned on. If it is turned off, turn it on.

In fact, after this the computer is ready to wake up at the “Magic packet” command. And all that remains to be done is to find out how to “wake it up”. But before that, you need to find out which physical and IP address is on at the moment, has a computer. You can do this as follows:

Go to Network and Sharing Center and shared access(either using the device manager or using the tray icon), select the current local network connection and click the “details” button there. Afterwards, you can see extensive information regarding the network connection. We are interested in the columns “Physical Address” (aka MAC) and IPv4 Address. We write them down on paper. In our case, these are 50E549EDFCA3 and 192.168.100.55, respectively.

Afterwards, turn off the computer exclusively the right way, through "shutdown". This is necessary so that the network adapter continues to function correctly and receive “magic packets” after the computer is turned off.

After the computer quiets down, you can make sure that the network adapter continues to work by blinking the LED:

Please note that further loss of power is strictly unacceptable. If you unplug the power cable or turn off the pilot surge protector, the computer will not be able to turn on remotely.

So, now you can proceed directly to the procedure remote activation computer. This is done using special software capable of generating and sending required address"Magic packet". There is a huge amount of such software available, and everyone can find something personally to their liking. We stopped at free utility WOL 2.0.3. It is installed on third party computer, from which, in fact, the computer waiting for “Magic Packet” will be turned on remotely.

The installation is carried out in the most basic way:

After that, the program starts, and in it you need to make settings for adding a computer that will be turned on remotely. To do this, in the main window, click the “add new item” icon, in the window that appears, enter the IP and MAC addresses. Next, click OK.

Afterwards, in the list rows of the main window, an entry about the computer with the previously entered parameters should appear. Select the entry below the “Host” column, the interaction icons become active, and click on the one called “Wake-up”. After this action on remote computer the treasured “Magic packet” will be sent, and the computer will react as if it had been pressed Power button, or, more simply put, it will turn on.

This is, in short, the procedure for remotely turning on a computer based on the system GIGABYTE boards using Wake-On-Lan technology. But what to do next with the computer, how to connect, how to work and how to turn it off - it’s up to you to decide, because this is a completely different story☺

The ability to turn on a computer over a network, even while on the other side of the world. All you need to remotely start a PC is to know the IP and MAC address (pre-configured router and enabled WOL setting in the BIOS on the computer being turned on).

How to set up Wake-on-LAN (WOL) on your computer

First you need to understand whether your PC's motherboard supports Wake on LAN. This can be found in the CMOS BIOS settings in the “Power” section. In AMI BIOS v2.61 firmware, WOL is enabled in the Power - APM Configuration settings. In the item "Power On By PCI Devices" you need to select "Enabled".

How to find out IP and MAC addresses?

To find out the IP and MAC addresses, you need to enter command line or in the Start/Run menu, use the command ipconfig.exe /all.
Physical address: 54-A0-50-39-2F-20 – this is the MAC;
IPv4 address: 192.168.0.37 (primary) – this is IP;
IN in this case IP is useless, because the Internet wire is not plugged directly into the computer, but through a router.

Setting up Wake-on-LAN on a router (router)

Sometimes a computer may be connected to a network using a router; you need to configure broadband message redirection to your PC. WOL with this type of Internet connection will only work with dedicated Internet access or when using custom routers (DLink, Linksys, etc.).
In this case, the IP that you specify in the syslab program must be the one that is specified on your router in the wan settings.
a. Example of setting up a TP-Link router:
1. Go to the Forwarding->Virtual Servers section.
2. add a “virtual server”, indicate its IP address and port that will be used to enable it. Typically ports 7 and 9 are used for Wake-On-LAN, but you can also specify any other port (from 1 to 65535). Set the protocol type to UDP or ALL.
3. Go to IP & MAC Binding->Binding Settings Enable Arp Binding option.
4.Add new entry for the computer that you will turn on remotely by specifying its IP and MAC addresses. Don't forget to also enable the Bind option for it.

Wake on LAN (WOL) is a technology that allows you to remotely turn on a computer via a local network or the Internet. (Wikipedia link:https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake-on-LAN )

Program to enable Wake on LAN: http://www.syslab.ru/wakeon

To use the "Wake On Lan" technology ("Magic packet" technology), you must have:

1. The equipment must comply with the ACPI specification and support for the "Wake On Lan" mode must be enabled in the BIOS settings.

2. Have an ATX power supply.

3. Have a network card that supports Wake On Lan (WOL) technology.

4. Configure Wake on LAN via Router. (setting examples)

Settings

1. Enable WOL in BIOS

You can determine whether your computer's motherboard supports Wake On Lan. by going to the CMOS Setup settings in the power management settings section. Find the option there "Wake On Lan" and make sure it is enabled.

Example: "Power - APM Configuration" AMI BIOS v2.61:

To enable Wake On Lan mode, you must set the "Power On By PCI Devices" item to "Enabled"

2. Settings linux For Wake On Lan

- We putplastic bagethtool (apt-get install ethtool)

- Checking whether the card supports “Supports Wake-On”

ethtool eth0 | grep –i wake-on

In line Supports Wake-On The mechanisms supported by the network card are listed. In my example, I use the so-called sending method. Magic Packet, and if you need the same, then make sure that in Supports Wake On there is a letter "g". Letter "d" in line Wake-on indicates that Wake On Lan is disabled for this network interface. To enable it in Magic Packet recognition mode, you must:

ethtool - s eth 0 wol g

-

approx. ifconfig eth0 | grep –i hwaddr

Settings Windows ForWake On Lan

- Click the Start key and search for “Computer Management.” Find your network adapter from the list of devices. Right-click on it, select “Properties” from the menu, and then find the “Advanced” tab. Scroll down the list and find the next item “Wake on Magic Packet” or something like that, and set the value to “Enabled”. Click on the OK button when finished.

- You will also need to know the MAC address of the network card ipconfig – all

- The practice of using Wake On Lan has revealed another point - some computers, when enabling the network switching mode in the BIOS settings, turn on the power supply on their own, without even receiving a frame with the Magic Packet. The reason for this phenomenon is that some network cards (noted at Intel, 3COM) to turn on the power supply over the local network, they use not only WOL, but also other events (Wake on ARP, Wake on Link Change, etc.), and by default several inclusion criteria are involved. It is necessary to remove from. adapter settings (usually using a special utility) add unnecessary conditions, and everything will work correctly.

Settings MACOS For Wake On Lan

Open the System Settings window and select Energy Saver. In the Options tab you should see the phrase “Wake on Ethernet” or something similar. This option enables the Wake-on-LAN feature.

Settings FreeBSD ForWake On Lan

With each release of FreeBSD, more and more network card drivers gain support for Wake-on-LAN.
http://forums.freebsd.org/threads/wake-on-lan.28730/ (here we discuss how to insert a driver)

3.Routers:

a.ZYXEL:WakeonLAN via Internet Center seriesKeenetic(http://zyxel.ru/kb/2122)

b.Router configuration exampleTP-Link:

1. come in V chapter Forwarding->Virtual Servers

2. will add “virtual server” indicate its IP address and port that will be used to enable it. Typically ports 7 and 9 are used for Wake-On-LAN, but you can also specify any other port (from 1 to 65535). Set the protocol type to UDP or ALL.

3. Come in IP & MAC Binding->Binding Settings Turn on option Arp Binding .

4. Add a new entry for the computer that you will turn on remotely by specifying its IP and MAC addresses. Don't forget to also enable the option for it Bind.

c.Router configuration examplemikrotik:

Note: Bmikrotik has a built-in utilitytoolwol which allows you to turn on your computer directly from the router. (http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0 %B2%D0%B0:%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1% 8B_(Tools)/Wake-on-LAN )

An example of setting up Mikrotik to turn on the computer viasyslab:

1. Create a static entry in the ARP table for broadcast

> /ip arp add address=192.168.1.254 disabled=no interface=bridge-local mac-address=FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF

2. Create a static entry in the ARP table for the user’s computer