• Assembling a gaming computer from A to Z. How to assemble a computer correctly using the components yourself

    Today the world of computer technology is so diverse that it is very difficult to make a choice. For example, when many people decide to get a computer, they often think that it is better to have ready-made equipment or to assemble it at home. with my own hands. Of course, young people who understand at least a little technology and quickly figure out what’s what are trying to assemble a computer with their own hands. Moreover, this option is much more economical than buying ready-made equipment.

    But still, if you are going to start assembling your PC personally, you should understand what advantages there are in this option. The first thing you need to do is purchase components that meet your requirements and needs, taking into account their compatibility. Above all, you need to decide which computer to build for gaming or work. Since today's youth are obsessed with various games, we will try to collect best option gaming computer.

    What is the most important thing in a computer? Of course system unit. As a rule, when buying it in a store and asking the seller about the prices and configuration of the unit, it is difficult to find out, since no one in the store will open it for you important information. It's classified. Only by disassembling the block of the house can you find out whether all the components and components have been selected correctly.

    Very often, store sellers claim that the system has 4 gigabytes. RAM and there is gaming video card, but do not mention the name of the manufacturing companies. This is because it is not profitable for them, since usually stores try to sell a system unit assembled from components from unknown or little-known manufacturers. As a result, when you bring it home, connect it, connect all the wires correctly and put the computer into operation, after a couple of months you will feel that there are malfunctions in its operation. And after a short time it may completely fail. All this is because unknown manufacturers do not try very hard with the quality of components; they believe that if they are not visible, since they are hidden inside the block, then it will do just fine, and as a rule, the result of such negligence does not take long to arrive. That's why important rule: all components of the block must be produced by a well-established manufacturer.

    Also an undeniable disadvantage of the purchase finished assembly system unit in the store is that in the future you may not even think about making any changes to its configuration. So, you will not be able to change its design, nor add or remove a set of functions. As a result, before purchasing, think about whether to buy in a store or start your own assembly.

    Independent selection of components will allow you to choose them taking into account your requirements and wishes. In addition, remember that the price of the finished system unit is greatly influenced by software part PC. You probably noticed that when buying a computer in a store, sellers at their own request, in addition to the main Windows systems install additional ones, the existence of which you did not even know and are unlikely to ever use. But they don’t pay attention to it, because the more installed programs, the higher the cost of the system.

    In addition, many sellers tell buyers that they install only licensed programs, and therefore the cost is high. But you shouldn't believe everything they say. After all, if you are familiar with software, you probably know that one copy of the license software is intended for only one user. In addition, it is very expensive. Therefore there arises logical question: will stores be able to buy, how much? licensed programs how much do they have in stock? computer systems. Of course not. In fact, they install such a program on all computers, and tell customers false stories.

    Some nuances

    Remember self-assembly will allow you to assemble a system unit with components that you really need and are worth. Moreover, in the future you will be able to upgrade it. Moreover, the computer industry is developing at a rapid pace these days; you just need to keep up with it. If today it seems to you that you have assembled modern and powerful equipment, then in a couple of months it may be considered obsolete.

    Also remember, sellers often offer system units with “cut” versions of motherboards to mislead the buyer, but at the same time make good money. They are cheaper, and the functionality of these components is limited. It will be very difficult to modernize such systems in the future.

    Assembling the block with your own hands will give you freedom of action. You can install different components at your own discretion.

    Components of a full-fledged computer

    We will help you and tell you what to do at each stage of component assembly.

    First of all, you need to know what a computer consists of, and this is:

    • frame;
    • hard drive or SSD drive;
    • monitor;
    • keyboard;
    • mouse;
    • motherboard;
    • CPU;
    • RAM;
    • power unit;
    • video card.

    When choosing components, remember that you do not need to buy too expensive spare parts, but very economical options will not suit you. It’s better to first get acquainted with prices and manufacturers, and only then choose a middle ground. Pay enough special attention to the processor to be able to add RAM to the video card in the future.

    How to properly connect components

    Once you have decided on the configuration of your future computer and bought the components necessary for assembly, you can begin work. It is worth saying that in fact, such work is not difficult only for those people who have more than once encountered assembling a PC and are well aware of all the components, some features, nuances and assembly diagrams. People who have not encountered this kind of work will have to sweat a little, since it primarily requires attention and patience. Therefore, if you are ready to start, we provide you detailed instructions on assembling a system unit, which will help you avoid mistakes and do everything right.

    So, first you need to check the presence of all components and ensure their integrity. You will need:

    • case and power supply;
    • motherboard, plug, which is included in the kit, for the back of the unit;
    • CPU;
    • hard HDD drive or SSD;
    • video card;
    • cable for connecting spare parts;
    • cooling system;
    • RAM;
    • if necessary, an optical drive.

    Lay out all the spare parts on the mat in front of you and double-check their availability again, after which you can begin installing the power supply.

    power unit

    Before we talk about installing the power supply, let's talk about its power. It is known that computers are used for different purposes. Some people need them purely for working with graphics or office applications, some will work on it at home on the Internet, others want to enjoy a high-quality game. Depending on the area of ​​use, a case with a power supply is selected. So for working with graphics and high-quality games would be better suited a power supply that has a power of 500-600 W. The fact is that a lower power unit will not be compatible with a powerful video card, since the power supply must always be compatible with the video card. The approximate cost of such a block is between 50-60 dollars.

    For a computer that will be used at home, surfing the Internet or office applications A unit with a power of 350-400 W will do. Its cost is usually about 30-40 dollars.

    Before you begin installing the unit, you must remove the side cover from the housing. In some models the power supply is mounted at the top, and in others at the bottom. Therefore, pay attention to this detail when installing it. In addition, many wires with appropriate connectors must come from the unit to connect other equipment.

    Therefore, you need to make sure that the block has the necessary connectors, so that later you do not need to purchase missing adapters. The block is secured with screws using a Phillips screwdriver. So, having considered where in the case the block is mounted, we install it and secure it firmly with screws. The first stage is completed.

    Motherboard

    So, we have already installed the power supply in the case, now it’s the turn of the motherboard. First, we check whether this part is damaged; if everything is in order, you can begin installing it.

    First of all, you will have to install the plug that comes with the motherboard. It is worth saying that it has special holes with which it is attached to the body. In addition, very often the motherboard comes with special spare parts in the form of supports, which are designed to place the motherboard on them. If they are, then install them first, and then the main part. After all, the supports are supplied so that the motherboard is firmly and securely located in its place. In addition, sometimes the methods of mounting the board may differ; this depends on the design of the case itself.

    So, if the case is universal and does not have special frills, the motherboard is mounted as follows:


    It is very difficult to make a mistake here, since there is only one suitable connector.

    CPU

    Step three - installing the central processor. When installing a processor, you must remember that the motherboard is equipped with a connector for it, which is called a socket. The characteristics of the processor and motherboard must be similar, the sockets must be the same.

    The processor is installed in a special place, which is very noticeable. It is presented in the form of a rectangular connector with a clamp and is no larger than a box.

    We press the small lever, move it to the side, then open the cover as far as possible and begin installing the processor. This is where the worst comes in important point which requires a lot of attention. The processor must be installed correctly. How to do this?

    There is a triangle-shaped mark on the processor, and there is a similar mark in the place to which it should be attached. During installation, you need to align these two marks with millimeter accuracy. The installation should be performed as follows: we take the processor by the ribs and gently place it in its location; the landing should be light and soft, without effort or pressing. In addition, do not touch the contacts under any circumstances, so as not to damage it. When the processor is installed, carefully fix it with a clamp, returning it to its original place. At the end, we connect the power cable to the connector located nearby.

    Cooling system

    There are many types of cooling systems; let’s consider installing a standard cooler with snaps. First you need to prepare the cooler, use the latch to open it and remove it protective film. If there is no thermal paste on the edge, be sure to apply it to improve the thermal conduction process between the fan heatsink and the processor. It is applied in a thin and even layer.

    Next, we install the cooler on the processor, and it does not matter which side will be installed. However, the installation must be done in such a way that the power cable can be connected to the connector on the motherboard.

    Since the cooler has four latches, all of them must coincide with the motherboard connectors when installing it.

    We place the cooler on the board, aligning the connectors, and click the latches two at a time, diagonally. Correct fixation is done if you hear clicks and the fan does not wobble or move. If you feel even slight movements, then perform the fixation again. Next, we connect the power to the fan using a cable that has a connector, it must be installed in the connector on motherboard, which is located close to the processor.

    Hard drive

    Installation hard drive performed in the front part of the body. If there is only one hard drive, then it is better to install it in the lower compartment. To attach the hard drive, remove the second side cover from the unit.

    We place the disk in the compartment and secure it with screws. The fastening must be made firmly and reliably. Next, connect the power and data cables to the hard drive. Let's consider connecting via the SATA interface - a flat cable, wide, intended for power supply, and a narrow one, in turn, for transmitting information. We connect the power cable to the HDD, and connect the information transfer cable in the same way. In this case, there should be no problems, since the connection system is very simple.

    Optical drive

    To install optical drives, remove the plugs on the outer part of the case, then install the device in a special compartment and securely fasten it using fasteners.

    RAM

    Installing RAM is not difficult. The connectors have latches that will need to be bent to the side before installing the RAM. Then we put the RAM stick into the slot and press it lightly. The latches return to their original place. All! We installed RAM. Important detail. Remember, there is a small connector on the RAM stick; it is not located in the middle, but slightly offset to the side. Therefore, if the memory is not in its place, then you need to try to unfold it and install it on the opposite side.

    Video card

    To install the video card, you will need to remove one metal plug, which is located on the back of the system unit. Next, we repeat the same steps as with installing RAM, additionally securing the video card to the case with a screw.

    Wires

    The most difficult assembly stage of all those described above is connecting the wires. The work is much simpler if the manufacturer has prudently labeled all the wires, so it is clear what needs to be connected to what, and it is almost impossible to make a mistake. Therefore, when purchasing wires, we recommend that you pay attention to the inscriptions on them, this will make it much easier to complete the last stage of assembly.

    We check the performance of our own computer. If everything is done correctly, then when you press the button on the unit body, you will hear a single squeak. Hurray we did it! Next, we install the operating system, and you can happily enjoy powerful and modern computer games.

    The main element during assembly personal computer is the motherboard. The choice of all other components will depend on this device. It is very important to choose suitable model motherboard, based on preferences regarding other devices.

    After selecting the motherboard, you need to select the rest of the equipment. It is necessary to take into account your financial capabilities and needs. When purchasing components, it is recommended to select in advance required models certain devices. This will allow you to build a computer with balanced operating parameters. For example, you shouldn't buy too much powerful processor, while saving on the motherboard and RAM.

    Now you need to select a computer case. Make sure it matches your motherboard form factor. This will avoid difficulties when installing equipment inside the case. Be sure to consider the cooling system. Think about how many coolers you need and where it is best to install them.

    After purchasing the components, you must proceed directly to assembly. You will need a set of Phillips screwdrivers and thermal paste. The latter accessory is often sold complete with a central processor. You need to start assembly by preparing the system unit and installing the motherboard. Remove the metal plates from the back wall of the unit in advance. This is necessary to install the video card and PCI devices.

    Now you need to install the central processor, apply thermal paste to it and start installing the cooling radiator. It is recommended to connect power cables and additional cables to the motherboard. Some wires are quite difficult to connect after installing other components. Install the remaining devices in the designated slots and check the operation of the computer.

    Video on the topic

    Noisy operation of personal computer sometimes it talks about equipment problems, sometimes it’s just a matter of settings, which, apparently, were not even carried out. There are several ways to fix the problem.

    Instructions

    The most common cause of noise is coolers. Unfortunately, "" coolers in the system assembly of cheap computers, office computers, etc. included simple models, which simply wear out over time. It is advisable to clean such coolers from dust at least once every six months or a year. This can be done with a simple brush. However, these are not all the problems that can happen to them. Over time, they may simply stop working. To prevent such a situation, it is best to replace a simple one with a more durable one (for example, a Zalman cooler).

    Sometimes the fault may not be at all, but rather due to overheating of the processor. It may not be known to everyone, but you need to apply thermal paste to the processor (once a year, without it the processor). Hence the sharp increase in cooler speed without optimal settings speed.

    Processes in the operating system also cause noise. When everything gets clogged, the hard drive, cooler, etc. work hard. Therefore, to prevent noise, it is necessary to take into account the possibilities computer or improve components (especially the cooler).

    In order to reduce noise as much as possible in ordinary environments, you can use the Everest program or special utility for the motherboard. Such utilities can control

    This article is intended for users who have no experience in assembling computers. If she is unable to help you, go to an electronics store where they can help you select components or advise you on how to assemble a computer.


    First time including new computer, you hear the quiet hum of the fans, short signals readiness for work and flickering of the monitor - all this indicates the successful completion of the computer assembly. Geeks are driven by feelings of anticipation and the unknown. Do you want to experience such feelings? Build a computer! Moreover, it will help you save money.

    Steps

    Part 1

    Computer components

      Decide on the purpose of the computer. For example, components for office computer are strikingly different from components for a gaming computer. Therefore, the purpose of the computer is a determining factor when choosing components. But regardless of the purpose of the computer, you will need the following components:

      Processor (CPU). The processor is the “brain” of the computer. Modern processors Most of them are multi-core, that is, one processor consists of several processors. Find a processor whose performance (speed) allows you to run the programs you need. Moreover, pay attention to the power consumption and heat level of the processor.

      Motherboard. Choose a motherboard that supports your processor type. All components are connected to the motherboard. The motherboard model depends on the processor model you purchased, since different processors installed in various connectors (sockets) on motherboards. Also, the motherboard model will depend on the desired size of RAM, the size of the computer case and the number of connected hard drives.

      • Motherboards come in a variety of form factors, but the most common are ATX and MicroATX form factors. ATX is a standard full-size motherboard that will fit into a tower case. The microATX board is smaller than the ATX board and is suitable for small cases (but such a board does not have many connectors!).
      • Make sure the motherboard you choose supports the other components and hardware you need. For example, if you are going to install a powerful video card, there must be a connector (slot) on the motherboard PCI Express. Or if you want to install a large amount of RAM, then the motherboard must have at least 4 slots for memory modules.
      • You can buy the processor and motherboard as a kit, which will save you money. But to save money, don't buy a processor or motherboard that doesn't meet your needs.

    1. Random access memory (RAM). This is a component that stores current information necessary for the operation of the system and programs. The type of RAM must match the slots on the motherboard. If the amount of RAM is insufficient, programs will freeze (run slowly). The maximum amount of RAM is limited by the motherboard model. Moreover, the speed of the RAM must be supported by the motherboard.

      • It is better to install RAM modules in pairs and it is desirable that such modules be of the same model (with the same parameters). For example, if you need 8 GB of RAM, install two modules of 4 GB each or four modules of 2 GB each.
      • If you intend to use more than 4 GB of RAM, install a 64-bit operating system. 32-bit operating systems do not recognize more than 4 GB of RAM.

    2. Hard drive. Buy such a hard drive so that you can store the information you need on it. The operating system, programs and other data are recorded on the hard drive. Currently hard drives continue to get cheaper, so you can buy a terabyte drive at an affordable price.

      • Hard drives run on different speeds: 5400, 7200, 10000 rpm. There are also solid state drives(have no moving parts), the operating speed of which is significantly higher than the speed magnetic hard drives, but SSDs are quite expensive. Therefore, buy two disks - a solid-state one to record the operating system and programs on, and magnetic hard disk to store personal information on it (music, movies, documents). This way you will collect enough fast computer with enough space to store information.

    3. Video card. A discrete graphics card is essential for a gaming computer, but not so important for an office computer. Most modern motherboards have high-quality built-in graphics cards that are quite suitable for viewing documents, web pages and email. If you play powerful games or watch high-definition (HD) videos, buy a discrete graphics card; if you are assembling a gaming computer, then start choosing components with the video card - its model will depend on your needs and budget.

      Frame. It must be both functional and original. The building will house all computer components. The size of the case depends on the size of the motherboard and the number of connected hard drives and other components. Choose a case that will provide optimal cooling for your components; if necessary, install additional fans. When buying powerful (and expensive) components, do not forget that they get very hot.

      Power unit. He must cope with the load. The power supply supplies electricity to the components. Sometimes power supplies are built into cases, but in most cases they are sold separately. The power supply must be powerful enough to power all components. Don't skimp on the power supply! A low-quality (cheap) power supply can lead to damage to computer components.

      Gather information on each component you select. To do this, read online magazines and search in other sources (for example, on specialized forums). Remember that this is one of the most important steps, because the operation of the computer will depend on its components. You can look at the following resources:

      • Ferra.ru
      • Thg.ru
      • Overclockers.ru
      • Gelezki.com

    4. Apply thermal paste to the processor. The amount of thermal paste should not be larger size peas. Excessive amounts of thermal paste will significantly slow down CPU cooling.

      Install the radiator. The installation process depends on the radiator model, so read the included documentation. In most cases, you just need to put the heatsink on the processor and attach it to the motherboard. For some radiators, you need to put a special part (crosspiece) under the motherboard.

      Install RAM. Open the latches of the corresponding slots, insert the RAM modules into the slots and press them so that the modules fit into the slots and the latches automatically close. Pay attention to the notch on the RAM module - it is designed to ensure the correct orientation of the module when connecting it to the motherboard. Press the module with both hands (both ends of the module). If the RAM slots have different colors, then the primary and secondary slots are marked this way (useful if you only use one RAM module).

      • Make sure you install RAM modules in the RAM slots. To do this, read the documentation for your motherboard.

    5. Install the security strip on the rear panel of the case. In most cases, the protection bar comes with the motherboard, not the case. Older cases may have a protective strip already installed, but most likely it will not fit a modern motherboard.

      • To remove the old protective strip, simply push on it (from the outside of the case). In rare cases, the protective strip is fixed with screws.

    6. Install a new security strip (on the rear of the chassis). To do this, install the bar (in the correct position!) and press on it (with inside body).

      Install the motherboard mounting feet. In most cases, such legs are packaged in a separate bag included with the case. The legs lift the motherboard above the case and screws are screwed into them to secure the board.

      • You can install a number of legs in the case that exceeds the number required to fix the board. Therefore, before installing the legs, attach the motherboard to the case and find the holes into which the legs need to be screwed.

    7. Secure the motherboard. Place it on the legs and push the board towards the protective strip so that the connectors on the board fit into the slots on the strip. Using the screws supplied with the case, secure the board (there are special holes on the board for screws).

      Connect the plugs coming from the front panel of the case to the motherboard. You can connect them in any order convenient for you. This way you will connect the USB ports (on the front panel of the case), the power and reset buttons, the power indicator and the indicator work hard drives, as well as audio output and audio input (on the front panel). You will find the location of the corresponding connectors on the motherboard in its documentation.

      • The plugs are connected to the connectors only possible way, so do not press on them when connecting.

    Part 4

    Installing a video card

    1. On the back panel, break off the strip covering the hole opposite the PCI-E connector. Most modern video cards are installed in the PCI-E slot. In some cases you will have to break out two strips.

      Insert the video card. To do this, bend or move the lever at the end of the connector (if there is one). This lever is used to secure the video card in the slot. Lightly press the video card so that it fits into the PCI-E slot; in this case, the connectors on the video card itself should be visible through the hole on the rear panel of the case.

      Secure the video card. To do this, use screws and screw them into the corresponding holes on the back of the case. If you do not secure the video card, it may be damaged.

      Install any other PCI cards. For example, set discrete sound card. The installation process is similar to the described process for installing a video card.

    Part 5

    Installing the Hard Drive and Optical Drive

      Open the bay for the optical drive. To do this, remove the special cover on the front panel of the case. To install a hard drive, you do not need to open or remove anything.

      Insert the optical drive through the front panel of the case. Most cases have several bays for installing optical drives. After inserting the drive into the bay, secure it using the screws (on the sides of the drive).

      Install the hard drive. Insert the hard drive into the appropriate bay (3.5") inside the case. In some cases, you need to attach special guides to the drive, and only then insert it into the bay. After inserting the drive into the bay, secure it with screws (on the sides of the drive).

      Connect the SATA data cables. To connect modern disks and drives to the motherboard, SATA data cables are used. Connect the cable to the SATA connector on the drive (or optical drive), and then connect the other end of the cable to the SATA connector on the motherboard.

      • To make troubleshooting easier system hard Connect the drive to the first SATA connector on the motherboard (these connectors are numbered), and connect other drives and optical drives to other SATA connectors.
      • The SATA data cable has identical plugs on both ends. Therefore, you can connect such a cable in any direction.

    Part 6

    Power connection

    1. Connect the power cables to the motherboard. To do this, most modern motherboards have a 24-pin connector and a 6- or 8-pin connector. You must connect the appropriate cables to both connectors to power the motherboard. One corresponding cable departs from the power supply. When connecting the cable, press the plug until you hear a click.

      • The 24-pin plug is the largest plug in the power supply.

    2. Connect the power cable to the video card. If you have a powerful discrete video card, she needs extra food. Some video cards have one connector for connecting the power cable, while others have two connectors. This connector(s) are usually located at the top of the video card.

      Connect the power cables to hard drive and optical drive. Disks and optical drives are powered using SATA power cables.

      Optimize the layout of wires inside the case. Chaotically located wires impair air circulation inside the case. Therefore, pull the wires to the side, top or bottom panels case, but this is difficult to do if you have a small case. Secure excess wires (with wire or tape) and place them in unused compartments. Make sure wires are out of the way proper operation fans.

    Part 7

    Installation additional fans

    Part 8

    Turning on the computer

      Close the case. It is not recommended to turn on the computer with the case open, as this will prevent proper air circulation inside the case. Close side panels and secure them with screws (most use thumbscrews, so you won't need a screwdriver).

      Connect peripheral equipment. Connect the monitor to a discrete graphics card or integrated graphics card (on the motherboard). Connect your keyboard and mouse to USB ports(on the front or back of the computer).

      • Do not connect other devices until you have installed the operating system.

    1. Turn on your computer. You won't be able to work on it because you haven't installed the operating system yet, but you can check to see if the fans are working and if the computer passes the initial self-test.

      Run Memtest86+. This is a free utility designed to check the operation of RAM modules. This utility can be run from a CD or flash drive. It is necessary to check the memory modules, as they have a higher percentage of defects (compared to other components).

      • You may need to configure your computer to boot from a CD or flash drive rather than the hard drive. To do this, after turning on the computer, enter the BIOS and open the BOOT menu. From this menu, select a CD or USB flash drive as the first boot device.

    2. Install the operating system. You can install either Windows or one of Linux distributions. You will have to pay for Windows, but most programs support this operating system. Linux is free and very secure system, but they don’t work on it popular programs, intended for Windows. Moreover, some do not work on Linux peripherals(in fact, they work, it just takes a long time to set them up - approx.).

    3. Tie the wires (cables) with wire or tape and arrange them so that they are not in the way proper circulation air inside the case. If possible, avoid using IDE cables (the kind that come in the form of a wide, flat ribbon) as they will disrupt the air flow inside the case.
    4. If you have assembled a computer, but it does not turn on, remove all components except the power supply, motherboard, RAM modules, video card (if you have a discrete video card) and processor (including its cooler). Turn on your computer and make sure it's working by entering the BIOS. Turn off your computer, install and connect the hard drive, turn on your computer and make sure it works. Turn off the computer, install and connect the optical drive, turn on the computer and make sure it works. Repeat the described process with any other components. The idea is to connect components one at a time and thereby identify the faulty component.
    5. It is better not to keep components on the floor, as this may cause them to break due to electrostatic discharges. Store components in antistatic bags (in which they were supplied). Or place them on a dielectric surface, such as a wooden desk.
    6. Sometimes the threads on the case in the holes for screwing in the screws break off, so the components are not fixed. To avoid this, select screws that exactly match the diameter - such a screw should be easy to tighten. Tighten the screws snugly, but not too tightly; It is better to tighten thumbscrews by hand rather than with a screwdriver. Aluminum cases often suffer from this (compared to steel cases), so tighten the screws with extreme caution in such cases (expensive aluminum cases have thickening or even steel plates in problem areas). If the threads in the screw holes holding the side panels are stripped, replace the screws with slightly larger diameters (and nearly the same length) and tighten them firmly. In most cases, a new, larger diameter screw will cut new threads (in the soft metal the body is made of).
    7. Label with operating room key Windows systems on the case so as not to lose the key - you will need it when installing/reinstalling the system.
    8. Seek help from someone experienced in computer assembly. For example, find out his opinion about the components you have chosen.

      9. Warnings

    • Do not force components into their respective slots. You may need to press lightly, but do not use excessive force. This does not apply to memory modules that require force to be inserted into the RAM slots (before installing the memory module, ensure that the notch on the module matches the jumper in the RAM slot).
    • When connecting the processor and PATA (IDE) device, be extremely careful. If you bend a contact, straighten it with tweezers or narrow needle-nosed pliers. If the contact breaks off (on the processor or in the processor socket), the component will not work. If a contact in an IDE plug breaks off, then there is a 7 out of 40 chance that it is a ground contact, which does not affect the performance of the components.
    • Do not use force when connecting various cables. Most cables are connected to connectors in the only possible way, with the exception of coaxial cables and laptop power cables. For example, DVI and VGA cables have a trapezoidal connector and plug, rather than a rectangular one.
    • If you encounter an incomprehensible point when assembling a computer, do not try to “guess” it. Seek help from a professional or someone who knows how to assemble computers. Or refer to the documentation supplied with the components. If there is no documentation (because, for example, you bought used components), open the user support page of the official website of the manufacturer of a particular component - there you can find the necessary documentation.
    • Remember that internal parts The housings can be quite sharp, so be careful when installing components.
    • Avoid electrostatic discharge when installing components. To do this, wear a special bracelet or regularly touch the case. It is also recommended to read.
    • Before turning on your computer for the first time, double check that all connections are correct and secure. Although most plugs and accessories can be inserted into a jack only one way, some plugs and accessories are so thin that with a little force they can be inserted backwards (that is, incorrectly). This often happens with modern RAM modules and leads to their failure (or failure of the RAM slots). You will avoid this by paying attention to the notch, which serves to correctly orient the memory module when inserting it into the RAM slot.
    • When assembling the computer, ground the computer case. To do this, connect a standard power cable to the power supply and plug it into a power outlet. In this case, the current in the socket should be turned off - in this case, only the ground contact will be active. This way you will achieve grounding of the case and remove electrostatic discharges from components.
    • Do not touch resistors or pins on the motherboard, processor, or connectors.

    When purchasing computer equipment, there are two options. The first is to buy a ready-made system unit, and the second is to assemble the computer yourself. The latter method is especially effective if you plan to build a powerful gaming computer.

    1. Advantages and disadvantages of the system unit in the assembly

    Assembled system units are sold in almost all stores, but they are, for the most part, designed for use in offices. Gaming computers are rare and have a number of significant disadvantages:

    • they contain very specific components that may not meet requirements or personal preferences;
    • it is not always possible to agree on a replacement for the ones you need; they may simply not be available;
    • you will have to pay a little, but you will have to overpay, since the selling company must compensate for its costs for assembling the PC system unit;
    • Warranty conditions often do not allow you to open the system unit and change components yourself.

    On the other hand, by buying a ready-made system unit, you save your time, and you don’t have to understand the intricacies of assembling a PC.

    2. What you need to build a computer yourself

    You don't need any special tools to assemble the system unit yourself. All you need is a Phillips head screwdriver and special nylon clamps.

    They can be freely purchased at any specialized store or radio market. After completing the PC assembly, it is recommended that all cables and cables be carefully sorted and pulled into bundles. This will prevent coolers from stopping due to wires getting caught, will provide convenience when removing dust accumulating in the case, and such a system unit will look much neater. If necessary, it will be very easy and convenient to add a memory stick to it or replace the thermal paste on the processor.

    3. How to choose components

    Many people mistakenly believe that assembling a system unit on their own is very simple. To do this, you just need to buy the most modern components from the top category of computer products and connect them correctly. In fact, this is not entirely true. You will need:

    • choose a high-quality case and not make a mistake with its form factor (a powerful gaming motherboard will not fit in a mini-tower);
    • optimally calculate the required power of the power supply;
    • take into account possible incompatibility of equipment.

    3.1. Selecting a case and power supply

    There are several requirements for the system unit case. It should be:

    • visually attractive;
    • made of quality material;
    • suitable in size for installing the motherboard, the required number of hard drives, additional cooling.

    Everything is clear with the first point; it is a matter of purely personal preferences and the characteristics of the room’s interior. But the choice of material can make you think. There are two types of cases you can buy in computer hardware stores:

    • steel, they are heavy, which means they muffle the noise of coolers, are resistant to vibration and have a good margin of safety;
    • aluminum, the main advantage is the high level of heat transfer. This is a very valuable quality for powerful gaming computers that get very hot.

    The exception is various expensive options for modding enthusiasts who are not embarrassed by the high price of transparent computer cases made in steam-punk style and similar unusual products.

    The main characteristic that you should pay attention to when choosing a power supply is its power. For a gaming computer, it should be large enough and be no less than 850 W, but it is better to immediately provide a reserve of one and a half to two times. Of course, the quality of workmanship also plays a big role. Unknown manufacturers deliberately overestimate the nominal parameters of the device and use the cheapest materials in the manufacturing process. The result is power failures, spontaneous shutdowns or rebooting the computer and even failed components.

    3.2. Processor, motherboard, memory, hard drive

    The main component of any computer is the processor and motherboard. These are interdependent components, since a randomly selected processor may not be supported by the motherboard.

    The main parameters of the motherboard that you should pay attention to:

    • processor socket type;
    • bus frequency for RAM;
    • presence and number of PCI-E (video card) and SATA (hard drive) connectors.

    The choice of processor for a gaming computer is determined by the clock speed and number of cores. The higher these numbers are, the better the performance will be. You should immediately take care of its high-quality cooling. Boxed versions of processors (Box Edition) are equipped with a radiator and cooler, but this may not be enough. You may have to look at the cooling system separately. For example, from the popular and well-established manufacturer Zalman.

    RAM is selected in accordance with the motherboard bus frequency; now the most common standards are DDR3 and DDR4. The best option is to decide on the installed amount of RAM and divide it into two: if 16 GB is required, then the best solution will buy 2 sticks of 8 GB each. This guarantees maximum performance and will allow you to increase the amount of RAM at any time.

    As for the features of choice and connecting hard disk (hard drive), you can learn more about this from our article.

    3.3. Video card

    Choosing a video card for a gaming computer is never straightforward. This is due to the situation that has developed for quite some time in the market, where only two manufacturers compete fiercely: nVidia and ATI. The third company (Intel) can be ignored, since it specializes in integrated graphics cards for PCs and components for laptops.

    On specialized forums, debates continue unabated about which brand is better to choose in order to get maximum performance for a lower price, but there is no objective and clear answer to this question.

    The easiest way to save yourself from thoughtfully reading hundreds of megabytes of information and thinking about this topic is to use ATI video cards with AMD processors, and nVidia in combination with Intel products. This will ensure maximum hardware compatibility (which, by the way, is also a subjective opinion). The main parameter that you should pay attention to is the amount of memory on the video card, the maximum reached today is 12 GB.

    The main competitors in the top segment of video cards for gaming computers are GeForce GTX Titan X and Radeon XFX Radeon HD7990. Of course, the price for models of this level is quite high, but if the motherboard has two PCI-E slot, then you can buy two cheaper video cards and use them together (this connection is called CrossFire or SLI, depending on the manufacturer). A slightly outdated, but very useful and informative article on this topic can be read on the 3D-News portal.

    4. Assembling the system unit with your own hands

    You need to start by installing the processor and cooling system on the motherboard. You can do this even without the help of a specialist, on your own, since the contact group on the processor and the socket on the motherboard in one of the corners has a characteristic bevel. Locking latch systems can different models differ, but the principle of their operation becomes immediately obvious. The sequence of actions is as follows:

    • installing a processor in a socket;
    • fixing it with a special latch;
    • applying thermal paste to the base of the radiator (if it is missing) and securing it.

    Placement of main elements on the motherboard:

    1. Processor and cooling system;
    2. PCI-E video card;
    3. Memory;
    4. SATA;
    5. IDE (for old hard drives and CD-ROMs);
    6. Holes for screws (6 pieces).

    The most complex problem A problem faced by those who are trying to assemble a computer for the first time on their own is installing the motherboard into the case. As often happens, it seems much more scary and incomprehensible than it actually is. The power supply is installed into the case first, then you can begin installing the motherboard, which is done in several stages:

    • place the motherboard in the case and mark the holes on its wall that coincide with the board;
    • install special insulating plastic supports (included in the kit) in the marked sockets;
    • screw the board with screws and washers.

    Then it’s time for a rather painstaking process - connecting all the necessary power supply and case cables to the motherboard. The only difficulty that may arise is the definition the right way connections of a group of small connectors. To do this, you need to take the instructions that came with the motherboard and carefully study the description of that part of it, which is (almost always) located in the lower right corner of the board.

    The user manual necessarily describes this point, most often in the form detailed diagram. All small contact groups must be connected so that the inscriptions on the board and plastic tips correspond to each other, without confusing the polarity, which is also indicated.

    For additional cooling of the computer system unit, you can use coolers that are purchased separately. Usually in the case there is a place for them on the rear vertical panel (under the power supply) and in the front part, under the compartments for hard drives and CD drives. They are secured using self-tapping screws that come with the coolers.

    Installing and connecting the remaining components is unlikely to cause any difficulties. Errors are eliminated due to the fact that all connectors and slots have a different form factor. For example, a PCI-E video card or RAM cannot be inserted into PCI slot because they differ in size. Assembling a system unit with your own hands is quite simple. Lack of haste and careful study of the instructions are a 100% guarantee of success.

    It is not always possible to find a ready-made computer in electronics stores that fully meets the requirements. In addition, many may be put off by the markup on ready-made equipment. The solution will be to assemble the system unit yourself. It is important to choose the right components, ensuring full compatibility and the optimal combination of characteristics. Next, following the rules and observing the procedure, you need to assemble the system unit. In fact, this is a fairly simple process: thanks to the efforts of manufacturers, it is simply impossible to connect something incorrectly.

    What is needed for assembly

    Before assembling the system unit yourself, you will need to prepare the following:

    • Frame. We check the specifications for support for the required motherboard format.
    • Motherboard.
    • CPU.
    • CPU cooling system. Often comes with it.
    • RAM.
    • Hard drive or SSD. Perhaps both at once.
    • Power unit.
    • Video card, if there is no built-in one or its power is insufficient.
    • Phillips screwdriver.
    • Thermal paste.
    • Vinyl ties

    Installing the processor

    When purchasing a processor and motherboard, it is important to check their compatibility. The sockets must match. You can find out this information in the characteristics of the components. For greater convenience, installation is carried out outside the housing.

    If you have Intel, you need to move the lever away from under the latch and then lift it up. Then we take out the protective plastic cover and install the processor with the contacts facing down. For correct positioning, small triangles are marked on the processor and socket in the corner. They must match.

    Make sure the processor is firmly in place and is not loose or warped. Next, lower the lever and lock it in place. When assembling the system unit with your own hands, we act carefully: the processor is pressed tightly, and a little effort will be required, but you must act carefully and avoid misalignment or incomplete installation.

    AMD processors are installed in a similar way. You also need to lift the lever on the side. Next, we place the processor so that the triangle in the corner coincides with the same one on the socket. We check that the processor is seated correctly, and then lower and fix the lever.

    Cooling system

    Before installing the cooling system, it is necessary to apply thermal paste to the metal cover that protects the processor chip. You don’t need to apply a lot, just one drop exactly in the center is enough. The cooling system itself will distribute it over the surface.

    You can see 4 holes around the processor. The legs of the cooling system must be inserted into them. They must be in the closed position. Gently press until you hear 4 clicks.

    On motherboards under AMD processors A plastic mount for the cooler was immediately installed. It is enough to apply thermal paste, apply cooling and hook the side metal clips in the center of the plastic base.

    A standard cooling system is sufficient for most applications. It is only important to take care of good air flow. If you want to overclock the processor or build a quiet system unit, you will need to buy a more efficient cooling system.

    In this case, you need to check compatibility with your socket if you are using Intel, but AMD’s mount has not changed since the days of their first processors.

    RAM

    The next step in assembling a system unit with your own hands will be installing RAM. For new systems these will be DDR4 strips, but if non-processors are used last generations, then perhaps DDR3 will do. The maximum supported memory size, frequency and type can be found in the motherboard specifications.

    On the RAM, in the contact area, there is a small groove that will help you insert the memory the correct way. If the motherboard supports 4 or more slots, you need to check in the instructions for the motherboard which connector is best to insert into. For example, the manufacturer usually indicates connectors 2 and 4.

    Installing the power supply

    Next comes the power supply. Its installation depends on the case, or more precisely, on whether it has a top or bottom installation. The latter is better, since it draws air from below, and not from the hot body. On the other hand, more dust gets into it, so you should install a fine mesh inside the case.

    Regardless of the installation method, always point the fan down and the switch toward the rear wall of the case. There you will find special holes that should match those on the power supply. After which it can be screwed on.

    If the power supply is modular, install the necessary contacts for power.

    The next step is to install the board into the case. Usually the 12V power connector is tight. If it is possible to insert it in advance, and it will not interfere with installation, you should do this before installing the motherboard, otherwise it will bend noticeably during the process.

    The motherboard is installed in the case on special metal legs. Sometimes they are preinstalled, but often you have to do it yourself. It is necessary to know the form factor of the motherboard, since the number of fasteners and their location differ. Manufacturers often mark holes on cases or indicate them in the instructions.

    After installing the legs, you can install the motherboard on them by first inserting the plug into back housing, and then aligning the contacts along it. Next we screw the board.

    At this stage, it is better to connect the front panel of the case to the motherboard. We are talking about audio input, USB and buttons. It will be inconvenient to do this later.

    Storage media

    In this regard, for many buildings everything is individual. However, they must have a removable frame for quick extraction or holes in the case itself to screw the media.

    Video card

    The penultimate step will be installing the video card. First you need to remove or break off the plugs on the back wall of the case. To begin with, it is better to roughly attach the card so as not to break too much.

    Connection

    When all the hardware is installed, it’s time to move on to connecting the power and the necessary interfaces. How to assemble a system unit correctly so that it looks beautiful? It depends on the block itself. Modern expensive models They have special holes in the side wall, under which all the wires can be routed. It is beautiful, does not interfere with air flow, and is also easier to remove dust.

    We connect a 12V 24 pin connector to the motherboard. Next, connect the processor power to 8 pins. If necessary, you will need to connect power to the video card. The presence and number of contacts depend on its power. Next, we connect the fans located in the case to the motherboard. The connectors are the same as for cooling the processor.

    The next step is to connect power to the hard drive. Then - a SATA cable to transfer information to the disk and motherboard. The cable is double-sided, and the contacts are the same. Vinyl ties will be required for a beautiful installation.

    How much it costs to assemble a system unit depends on the specific tasks and characteristics. When you're on a tight budget, you need to think carefully about your priorities. For example, when working with photos and drawings, the emphasis is on the processor. Don't be afraid to assemble the system unit yourself: it's easy and simple to do.

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